Groundwater Buffers Drought Effects and Climate Variability in Urban Reserves
Groundwater can have a critical role in sustaining the functioning of natural ecosystems during droughts, especially in dry and seasonally dry climates. However, the response to droughts of ecosystems embedded in urban areas is not well known. This study investigates how different scenarios of groun...
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description | Groundwater can have a critical role in sustaining the functioning of natural ecosystems during droughts, especially in dry and seasonally dry climates. However, the response to droughts of ecosystems embedded in urban areas is not well known. This study investigates how different scenarios of groundwater availability control the water balance and vegetation productivity of two urban reserves hosting native vegetation in the Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia. Using a mechanistic ecohydrological model supported by field observations, long‐term simulations were run to explore the impact of groundwater flow on water, carbon, and energy fluxes under present climatic conditions, including the Millennium Drought (2001–2009), and in response to perturbations in key environmental variables (air temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and rainfall). It was found that the presence of a water table and its capillary fringe within the root depths supports ecosystem transpiration and vegetation productivity. The effects of declining groundwater were found to be more severe in predominantly sandy soils because of the lower water holding capacity, identifying that the water status of vegetation differs significantly depending on soil type. Differences in rooting strategies and groundwater availability also had a pivotal role in helping plants soften the impacts of increased air temperature (Ta) and make use of higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Increased Ta strongly affected evapotranspiration, enhancing the competition for water between different vegetation types. These results provide quantitative insights of how vegetation responds to groundwater depletion and climate variability, highlighting the essential role of groundwater resources in urban ecosystems characterized by seasonally dry climates.
Key Points
Groundwater access is pivotal in supporting urban ecosystems functioning during prolonged droughts
Soil water holding capacity strongly affects ecosystem response to groundwater depletion
Groundwater access buffers the impacts of climate variability on ecosystem mass/energy fluxes |
doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2019WR026192 |
format | Article |
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Key Points
Groundwater access is pivotal in supporting urban ecosystems functioning during prolonged droughts
Soil water holding capacity strongly affects ecosystem response to groundwater depletion
Groundwater access buffers the impacts of climate variability on ecosystem mass/energy fluxes</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1397</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-7973</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2019WR026192</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Availability ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations ; Carbon dioxide concentration ; cities ; Climate ; Climate and vegetation ; Climate effects ; Climate variability ; Climatic conditions ; Computer simulation ; Drought ; Drought effects ; Ecohydrology ; Ecosystems ; Evapotranspiration ; Fluxes ; Groundwater ; Groundwater availability ; Groundwater depletion ; Groundwater flow ; Groundwater resources ; Groundwater table ; groundwater‐dependent ecosystems ; Metropolitan areas ; Potential resources ; Productivity ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Reserves ; Rooting ; Sandy soils ; Soil ; Soil types ; Transpiration ; Urban areas ; Urban climates ; urban reserves ; Variability ; Vegetation ; Water balance ; Water resources ; Water table</subject><ispartof>Water resources research, 2020-05, Vol.56 (5), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3682-36c054941d1eacfc1c4a82db33e640ac68091ea54756b7b098640ebddc4322963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3682-36c054941d1eacfc1c4a82db33e640ac68091ea54756b7b098640ebddc4322963</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3207-9978 ; 0000-0002-4817-2712 ; 0000-0003-1361-6659 ; 0000-0002-2938-8374 ; 0000-0002-9245-2877 ; 0000-0003-0725-5658</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2019WR026192$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2019WR026192$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,11514,27924,27925,45574,45575,46468,46892</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Marchionni, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daly, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manoli, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tapper, N. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fatichi, S.</creatorcontrib><title>Groundwater Buffers Drought Effects and Climate Variability in Urban Reserves</title><title>Water resources research</title><description>Groundwater can have a critical role in sustaining the functioning of natural ecosystems during droughts, especially in dry and seasonally dry climates. However, the response to droughts of ecosystems embedded in urban areas is not well known. This study investigates how different scenarios of groundwater availability control the water balance and vegetation productivity of two urban reserves hosting native vegetation in the Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia. Using a mechanistic ecohydrological model supported by field observations, long‐term simulations were run to explore the impact of groundwater flow on water, carbon, and energy fluxes under present climatic conditions, including the Millennium Drought (2001–2009), and in response to perturbations in key environmental variables (air temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and rainfall). It was found that the presence of a water table and its capillary fringe within the root depths supports ecosystem transpiration and vegetation productivity. The effects of declining groundwater were found to be more severe in predominantly sandy soils because of the lower water holding capacity, identifying that the water status of vegetation differs significantly depending on soil type. Differences in rooting strategies and groundwater availability also had a pivotal role in helping plants soften the impacts of increased air temperature (Ta) and make use of higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Increased Ta strongly affected evapotranspiration, enhancing the competition for water between different vegetation types. These results provide quantitative insights of how vegetation responds to groundwater depletion and climate variability, highlighting the essential role of groundwater resources in urban ecosystems characterized by seasonally dry climates.
Key Points
Groundwater access is pivotal in supporting urban ecosystems functioning during prolonged droughts
Soil water holding capacity strongly affects ecosystem response to groundwater depletion
Groundwater access buffers the impacts of climate variability on ecosystem mass/energy fluxes</description><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Availability</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide concentration</subject><subject>cities</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate and vegetation</subject><subject>Climate effects</subject><subject>Climate variability</subject><subject>Climatic conditions</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Drought effects</subject><subject>Ecohydrology</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Fluxes</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater availability</subject><subject>Groundwater depletion</subject><subject>Groundwater flow</subject><subject>Groundwater resources</subject><subject>Groundwater table</subject><subject>groundwater‐dependent ecosystems</subject><subject>Metropolitan areas</subject><subject>Potential resources</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Reserves</subject><subject>Rooting</subject><subject>Sandy soils</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil types</subject><subject>Transpiration</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Urban climates</subject><subject>urban reserves</subject><subject>Variability</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Water balance</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><subject>Water table</subject><issn>0043-1397</issn><issn>1944-7973</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE9LxDAQxYMoWFdvfoCAV6uTP02bo9Z1FVaE4rrHkKapdqntmrQu_fZG1oMnT8O8-fGG9xA6J3BFgMprCkSuC6CCSHqAIiI5j1OZskMUAXAWEybTY3Ti_QaA8ESkEXpauH7sqp0erMO3Y11b5_Fd0N7eBzwPqxk81l2F87b5CBB-1a7RZdM2w4SbDq9cqTtcWG_dl_Wn6KjWrbdnv3OGVvfzl_whXj4vHvObZayZyGjMhIGES04qYrWpDTFcZ7QqGbOCgzYiAxkuCU8TUaYlyCzItqwqwxmlUrAZutj7bl3_OVo_qE0_ui68VJSDkFQwLgN1uaeM6713tlZbF0K4SRFQP4Wpv4UFnO3xXdPa6V9WrYu8oFxQyr4Bmk1rlg</recordid><startdate>202005</startdate><enddate>202005</enddate><creator>Marchionni, V.</creator><creator>Daly, E.</creator><creator>Manoli, G.</creator><creator>Tapper, N. 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P.</creator><creator>Fatichi, S.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-9978</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-2712</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1361-6659</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-8374</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-2877</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-5658</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202005</creationdate><title>Groundwater Buffers Drought Effects and Climate Variability in Urban Reserves</title><author>Marchionni, V. ; Daly, E. ; Manoli, G. ; Tapper, N. J. ; Walker, J. 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J.</au><au>Walker, J. P.</au><au>Fatichi, S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Groundwater Buffers Drought Effects and Climate Variability in Urban Reserves</atitle><jtitle>Water resources research</jtitle><date>2020-05</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>5</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0043-1397</issn><eissn>1944-7973</eissn><abstract>Groundwater can have a critical role in sustaining the functioning of natural ecosystems during droughts, especially in dry and seasonally dry climates. However, the response to droughts of ecosystems embedded in urban areas is not well known. This study investigates how different scenarios of groundwater availability control the water balance and vegetation productivity of two urban reserves hosting native vegetation in the Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia. Using a mechanistic ecohydrological model supported by field observations, long‐term simulations were run to explore the impact of groundwater flow on water, carbon, and energy fluxes under present climatic conditions, including the Millennium Drought (2001–2009), and in response to perturbations in key environmental variables (air temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and rainfall). It was found that the presence of a water table and its capillary fringe within the root depths supports ecosystem transpiration and vegetation productivity. The effects of declining groundwater were found to be more severe in predominantly sandy soils because of the lower water holding capacity, identifying that the water status of vegetation differs significantly depending on soil type. Differences in rooting strategies and groundwater availability also had a pivotal role in helping plants soften the impacts of increased air temperature (Ta) and make use of higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Increased Ta strongly affected evapotranspiration, enhancing the competition for water between different vegetation types. These results provide quantitative insights of how vegetation responds to groundwater depletion and climate variability, highlighting the essential role of groundwater resources in urban ecosystems characterized by seasonally dry climates.
Key Points
Groundwater access is pivotal in supporting urban ecosystems functioning during prolonged droughts
Soil water holding capacity strongly affects ecosystem response to groundwater depletion
Groundwater access buffers the impacts of climate variability on ecosystem mass/energy fluxes</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2019WR026192</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-9978</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-2712</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1361-6659</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-8374</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-2877</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-5658</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air temperature Availability Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations Carbon dioxide concentration cities Climate Climate and vegetation Climate effects Climate variability Climatic conditions Computer simulation Drought Drought effects Ecohydrology Ecosystems Evapotranspiration Fluxes Groundwater Groundwater availability Groundwater depletion Groundwater flow Groundwater resources Groundwater table groundwater‐dependent ecosystems Metropolitan areas Potential resources Productivity Rain Rainfall Reserves Rooting Sandy soils Soil Soil types Transpiration Urban areas Urban climates urban reserves Variability Vegetation Water balance Water resources Water table |
title | Groundwater Buffers Drought Effects and Climate Variability in Urban Reserves |
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