Intensification Variability of Tropical Cyclones in Directional Shear Flows: Vortex Tilt–Convection Coupling
The coupling of vortex tilt and convection, and their effects on the intensification variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows, is investigated in this study. The height-dependent vortex tilt controls TC structural differences in clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CC) hodog...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the atmospheric sciences 2019-06, Vol.76 (6), p.1827-1844 |
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| description | The coupling of vortex tilt and convection, and their effects on the intensification variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows, is investigated in this study. The height-dependent vortex tilt controls TC structural differences in clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CC) hodographs during their initial stage of development. Moist convection may enhance the coupling between displaced vortices at different levels and thus reduce the vortex tilt amplitude and enhance precession of the overall vortex tilt during the early stage of development. However, differences in the overall vortex tilt between CW and CC hodographs are further amplified by a feedback from convective heating and therefore result in much higher intensification rates for TCs in CW hodographs than those in CC hodographs. In CW hodographs, convection organization in the left-of-shear region is favored because the low-level vortex tilt is ahead of the overall vortex tilt and the TC moves to the left side of the deep-layer shear. This results in a more humid midtroposphere and stronger surface heat flux on the left side (azimuthally downwind) of the overall vortex tilt, thus providing a positive feedback and supporting continuous precession of the vortex tilt into the upshear-left region. In CC hodographs, convection tends to organize on the right side (azimuthally upwind) of the overall vortex tilt because the low-level vortex tilt is behind the overall vortex tilt and the TC moves to the right side of the deep-layer shear. In addition, convection organizes radially outward near the downshear-right region, which weakens convection within the inner region. These configurations lead to a drier midtroposphere and weaker surface heat flux in the downwind region of the overall vortex tilt and also a broader potential vorticity skirt. As a result, a negative feedback is established that prevents continuous precession of the overall vortex tilt. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/JAS-D-18-0282.1 |
| format | Article |
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The height-dependent vortex tilt controls TC structural differences in clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CC) hodographs during their initial stage of development. Moist convection may enhance the coupling between displaced vortices at different levels and thus reduce the vortex tilt amplitude and enhance precession of the overall vortex tilt during the early stage of development. However, differences in the overall vortex tilt between CW and CC hodographs are further amplified by a feedback from convective heating and therefore result in much higher intensification rates for TCs in CW hodographs than those in CC hodographs. In CW hodographs, convection organization in the left-of-shear region is favored because the low-level vortex tilt is ahead of the overall vortex tilt and the TC moves to the left side of the deep-layer shear. This results in a more humid midtroposphere and stronger surface heat flux on the left side (azimuthally downwind) of the overall vortex tilt, thus providing a positive feedback and supporting continuous precession of the vortex tilt into the upshear-left region. In CC hodographs, convection tends to organize on the right side (azimuthally upwind) of the overall vortex tilt because the low-level vortex tilt is behind the overall vortex tilt and the TC moves to the right side of the deep-layer shear. In addition, convection organizes radially outward near the downshear-right region, which weakens convection within the inner region. These configurations lead to a drier midtroposphere and weaker surface heat flux in the downwind region of the overall vortex tilt and also a broader potential vorticity skirt. As a result, a negative feedback is established that prevents continuous precession of the overall vortex tilt.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4928</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0469</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-18-0282.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Amplification ; Convection ; Convective heating ; Coupling ; Cyclones ; Developmental stages ; Experiments ; Feedback ; Heat ; Heat flux ; Heat transfer ; Heating ; Hodographs ; Hurricanes ; Moist convection ; Negative feedback ; Positive feedback ; Potential vorticity ; Precession ; Shear ; Shear flow ; Simulation ; Tropical climate ; Tropical cyclones ; Variability ; Vortices ; Vorticity ; Wind</subject><ispartof>Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 2019-06, Vol.76 (6), p.1827-1844</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Jun 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c310t-cf6bbca0293963b22a67cc4c34566d4ef9ee436a02dce4fd6cd9fe7ba15452663</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c310t-cf6bbca0293963b22a67cc4c34566d4ef9ee436a02dce4fd6cd9fe7ba15452663</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2227-6900</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3670,27907,27908</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gu, Jian-Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tan, Zhe-Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Xin</creatorcontrib><title>Intensification Variability of Tropical Cyclones in Directional Shear Flows: Vortex Tilt–Convection Coupling</title><title>Journal of the atmospheric sciences</title><description>The coupling of vortex tilt and convection, and their effects on the intensification variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows, is investigated in this study. The height-dependent vortex tilt controls TC structural differences in clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CC) hodographs during their initial stage of development. Moist convection may enhance the coupling between displaced vortices at different levels and thus reduce the vortex tilt amplitude and enhance precession of the overall vortex tilt during the early stage of development. However, differences in the overall vortex tilt between CW and CC hodographs are further amplified by a feedback from convective heating and therefore result in much higher intensification rates for TCs in CW hodographs than those in CC hodographs. In CW hodographs, convection organization in the left-of-shear region is favored because the low-level vortex tilt is ahead of the overall vortex tilt and the TC moves to the left side of the deep-layer shear. This results in a more humid midtroposphere and stronger surface heat flux on the left side (azimuthally downwind) of the overall vortex tilt, thus providing a positive feedback and supporting continuous precession of the vortex tilt into the upshear-left region. In CC hodographs, convection tends to organize on the right side (azimuthally upwind) of the overall vortex tilt because the low-level vortex tilt is behind the overall vortex tilt and the TC moves to the right side of the deep-layer shear. In addition, convection organizes radially outward near the downshear-right region, which weakens convection within the inner region. These configurations lead to a drier midtroposphere and weaker surface heat flux in the downwind region of the overall vortex tilt and also a broader potential vorticity skirt. As a result, a negative feedback is established that prevents continuous precession of the overall vortex tilt.</description><subject>Amplification</subject><subject>Convection</subject><subject>Convective heating</subject><subject>Coupling</subject><subject>Cyclones</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat flux</subject><subject>Heat transfer</subject><subject>Heating</subject><subject>Hodographs</subject><subject>Hurricanes</subject><subject>Moist convection</subject><subject>Negative feedback</subject><subject>Positive feedback</subject><subject>Potential vorticity</subject><subject>Precession</subject><subject>Shear</subject><subject>Shear flow</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Tropical climate</subject><subject>Tropical 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sciences</jtitle><date>2019-06</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1827</spage><epage>1844</epage><pages>1827-1844</pages><issn>0022-4928</issn><eissn>1520-0469</eissn><abstract>The coupling of vortex tilt and convection, and their effects on the intensification variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) in directional shear flows, is investigated in this study. The height-dependent vortex tilt controls TC structural differences in clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CC) hodographs during their initial stage of development. Moist convection may enhance the coupling between displaced vortices at different levels and thus reduce the vortex tilt amplitude and enhance precession of the overall vortex tilt during the early stage of development. However, differences in the overall vortex tilt between CW and CC hodographs are further amplified by a feedback from convective heating and therefore result in much higher intensification rates for TCs in CW hodographs than those in CC hodographs. In CW hodographs, convection organization in the left-of-shear region is favored because the low-level vortex tilt is ahead of the overall vortex tilt and the TC moves to the left side of the deep-layer shear. This results in a more humid midtroposphere and stronger surface heat flux on the left side (azimuthally downwind) of the overall vortex tilt, thus providing a positive feedback and supporting continuous precession of the vortex tilt into the upshear-left region. In CC hodographs, convection tends to organize on the right side (azimuthally upwind) of the overall vortex tilt because the low-level vortex tilt is behind the overall vortex tilt and the TC moves to the right side of the deep-layer shear. In addition, convection organizes radially outward near the downshear-right region, which weakens convection within the inner region. These configurations lead to a drier midtroposphere and weaker surface heat flux in the downwind region of the overall vortex tilt and also a broader potential vorticity skirt. As a result, a negative feedback is established that prevents continuous precession of the overall vortex tilt.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/JAS-D-18-0282.1</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-6900</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amplification Convection Convective heating Coupling Cyclones Developmental stages Experiments Feedback Heat Heat flux Heat transfer Heating Hodographs Hurricanes Moist convection Negative feedback Positive feedback Potential vorticity Precession Shear Shear flow Simulation Tropical climate Tropical cyclones Variability Vortices Vorticity Wind |
| title | Intensification Variability of Tropical Cyclones in Directional Shear Flows: Vortex Tilt–Convection Coupling |
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