Evaluation of Radial Ocean Surface Currents Derived From Sentinel‐1 IW Doppler Shift Using Coastal Radar and Lagrangian Surface Drifter Observations

Ocean surface radial velocities (RVLs) derived from the Sentinel‐1 A/B Interferomic Wide (IW) mode Doppler frequency shift observations are regularly acquired over the Norwegian coastal zone. These data can be used to complement existing ocean observation systems with high‐resolution (up to 1.5 × 1....

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of geophysical research. Oceans 2020-04, Vol.125 (4), p.n/a
Hauptverfasser: Moiseev, A., Johnsen, H., Hansen, M. W., Johannessen, J. A.
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description Ocean surface radial velocities (RVLs) derived from the Sentinel‐1 A/B Interferomic Wide (IW) mode Doppler frequency shift observations are regularly acquired over the Norwegian coastal zone. These data can be used to complement existing ocean observation systems with high‐resolution (up to 1.5 × 1.5 km) spatial ocean surface current (OSC) maps. In this study, Sentinel‐1 IW Level 2 OSC retrievals were obtained from 2 months (October–November 2017) of raw Doppler shift observations acquired over the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC). The results were evaluated using coastal high‐frequency radar (HFR) and Lagrangian ocean surface drifter observations. The analysis shows that distinct patterns of the NCC, with range directed currents reaching up to 0.7 m/s, can be detected in the SAR data. The mean bias between Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and HFR observations was −0.08 m/s and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) was 0.25 m/s. In comparison, the agreement between the SAR‐derived OSC and the trajectories from Lagrangian surface drifters showed a mean bias of 0.02 m/s and an RMSD of 0.24 m/s. The accuracy of the SAR OSC retrievals rely on precise wind‐wave bias correction. Hence, the accuracy of the model wind field (speed and direction) is crucial. The sea state contribution must also be taken into account during the bias correction. A typical required accuracy of the OSC velocity is on the order of 0.1 m/s. Therefore, the comparisons demonstrate that the use of SAR for OSC retrieval is promising. Plain Language Summary Knowledge of ocean surface currents is crucial for tracking oil spills and marine debris (e.g., plastic), search and rescue operations, and fisheries. Traditionally, surface currents are studied using shipboard measurements or trajectory of buoys drifting within the water flow. Despite their accuracy, these measurements are also costly to collect and therefore irregular in time and space. The Doppler shift recorded by a radar placed on board of a satellite can be used for providing systematic snapshots of surface currents over vast areas of the ocean. However, these observations must be evaluated before application. In this study, we evaluated observations of the Norwegian Coastal Current acquired by the Sentinel‐1 satellite in October–November 2017. Satellite observations were compared with collocated coastal radar and ocean surface drifters data. The analysis shows that distinct patterns of the surface current can be systematically detected
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2019JC015743
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W. ; Johannessen, J. A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Moiseev, A. ; Johnsen, H. ; Hansen, M. W. ; Johannessen, J. A.</creatorcontrib><description>Ocean surface radial velocities (RVLs) derived from the Sentinel‐1 A/B Interferomic Wide (IW) mode Doppler frequency shift observations are regularly acquired over the Norwegian coastal zone. These data can be used to complement existing ocean observation systems with high‐resolution (up to 1.5 × 1.5 km) spatial ocean surface current (OSC) maps. In this study, Sentinel‐1 IW Level 2 OSC retrievals were obtained from 2 months (October–November 2017) of raw Doppler shift observations acquired over the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC). The results were evaluated using coastal high‐frequency radar (HFR) and Lagrangian ocean surface drifter observations. The analysis shows that distinct patterns of the NCC, with range directed currents reaching up to 0.7 m/s, can be detected in the SAR data. The mean bias between Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and HFR observations was −0.08 m/s and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) was 0.25 m/s. In comparison, the agreement between the SAR‐derived OSC and the trajectories from Lagrangian surface drifters showed a mean bias of 0.02 m/s and an RMSD of 0.24 m/s. The accuracy of the SAR OSC retrievals rely on precise wind‐wave bias correction. Hence, the accuracy of the model wind field (speed and direction) is crucial. The sea state contribution must also be taken into account during the bias correction. A typical required accuracy of the OSC velocity is on the order of 0.1 m/s. Therefore, the comparisons demonstrate that the use of SAR for OSC retrieval is promising. Plain Language Summary Knowledge of ocean surface currents is crucial for tracking oil spills and marine debris (e.g., plastic), search and rescue operations, and fisheries. Traditionally, surface currents are studied using shipboard measurements or trajectory of buoys drifting within the water flow. Despite their accuracy, these measurements are also costly to collect and therefore irregular in time and space. The Doppler shift recorded by a radar placed on board of a satellite can be used for providing systematic snapshots of surface currents over vast areas of the ocean. However, these observations must be evaluated before application. In this study, we evaluated observations of the Norwegian Coastal Current acquired by the Sentinel‐1 satellite in October–November 2017. Satellite observations were compared with collocated coastal radar and ocean surface drifters data. The analysis shows that distinct patterns of the surface current can be systematically detected in the Sentinel‐1 data. The accuracy of the observations is within the range of user requirements. We underlined the importance of accurate information about wind field and ocean waves for analysis of the radar observation. The performed study demonstrates that the use of Sentinel‐1 observations for the ocean surface current retrieval is promising. Key Points Radial velocities from Sentinel‐1 were evaluated using HF‐radar and ocean surface drifter observations Sentinel‐1 RVLs can be used to provide a reliable observations of the ocean surface currents in the coastal zone The sea state contribution to the SAR Doppler shift must be taken into account in the wind‐wave bias correction</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9275</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9291</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2019JC015743</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Bias ; Buoys ; Coastal currents ; Coastal zone ; Coastal zones ; Data ; Doppler effect ; Doppler shift ; Doppler sonar ; Drift ; Drifters ; Evaluation ; Fisheries ; Frequency shift ; Geophysics ; HF‐radar ; Marine debris ; Model accuracy ; Norwegian Current ; Ocean currents ; Ocean surface ; ocean surface current ; Ocean waves ; Oceans ; Oil spills ; Radar ; Radar data ; Radar observation ; Rescue operations ; Retrieval ; SAR (radar) ; Satellite observation ; Satellites ; Sea state ; Sea states ; Search and rescue ; Search and rescue missions ; Sentinel‐1 ; Surface currents ; Surface drifters ; Surface water waves ; Synthetic aperture radar ; Trajectory measurement ; User requirements ; validation ; Water flow ; Wind</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. 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W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johannessen, J. A.</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of Radial Ocean Surface Currents Derived From Sentinel‐1 IW Doppler Shift Using Coastal Radar and Lagrangian Surface Drifter Observations</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Oceans</title><description>Ocean surface radial velocities (RVLs) derived from the Sentinel‐1 A/B Interferomic Wide (IW) mode Doppler frequency shift observations are regularly acquired over the Norwegian coastal zone. These data can be used to complement existing ocean observation systems with high‐resolution (up to 1.5 × 1.5 km) spatial ocean surface current (OSC) maps. In this study, Sentinel‐1 IW Level 2 OSC retrievals were obtained from 2 months (October–November 2017) of raw Doppler shift observations acquired over the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC). The results were evaluated using coastal high‐frequency radar (HFR) and Lagrangian ocean surface drifter observations. The analysis shows that distinct patterns of the NCC, with range directed currents reaching up to 0.7 m/s, can be detected in the SAR data. The mean bias between Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and HFR observations was −0.08 m/s and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) was 0.25 m/s. In comparison, the agreement between the SAR‐derived OSC and the trajectories from Lagrangian surface drifters showed a mean bias of 0.02 m/s and an RMSD of 0.24 m/s. The accuracy of the SAR OSC retrievals rely on precise wind‐wave bias correction. Hence, the accuracy of the model wind field (speed and direction) is crucial. The sea state contribution must also be taken into account during the bias correction. A typical required accuracy of the OSC velocity is on the order of 0.1 m/s. Therefore, the comparisons demonstrate that the use of SAR for OSC retrieval is promising. Plain Language Summary Knowledge of ocean surface currents is crucial for tracking oil spills and marine debris (e.g., plastic), search and rescue operations, and fisheries. Traditionally, surface currents are studied using shipboard measurements or trajectory of buoys drifting within the water flow. Despite their accuracy, these measurements are also costly to collect and therefore irregular in time and space. The Doppler shift recorded by a radar placed on board of a satellite can be used for providing systematic snapshots of surface currents over vast areas of the ocean. However, these observations must be evaluated before application. In this study, we evaluated observations of the Norwegian Coastal Current acquired by the Sentinel‐1 satellite in October–November 2017. Satellite observations were compared with collocated coastal radar and ocean surface drifters data. The analysis shows that distinct patterns of the surface current can be systematically detected in the Sentinel‐1 data. The accuracy of the observations is within the range of user requirements. We underlined the importance of accurate information about wind field and ocean waves for analysis of the radar observation. The performed study demonstrates that the use of Sentinel‐1 observations for the ocean surface current retrieval is promising. 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A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of Radial Ocean Surface Currents Derived From Sentinel‐1 IW Doppler Shift Using Coastal Radar and Lagrangian Surface Drifter Observations</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Oceans</jtitle><date>2020-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>125</volume><issue>4</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>2169-9275</issn><eissn>2169-9291</eissn><abstract>Ocean surface radial velocities (RVLs) derived from the Sentinel‐1 A/B Interferomic Wide (IW) mode Doppler frequency shift observations are regularly acquired over the Norwegian coastal zone. These data can be used to complement existing ocean observation systems with high‐resolution (up to 1.5 × 1.5 km) spatial ocean surface current (OSC) maps. In this study, Sentinel‐1 IW Level 2 OSC retrievals were obtained from 2 months (October–November 2017) of raw Doppler shift observations acquired over the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC). The results were evaluated using coastal high‐frequency radar (HFR) and Lagrangian ocean surface drifter observations. The analysis shows that distinct patterns of the NCC, with range directed currents reaching up to 0.7 m/s, can be detected in the SAR data. The mean bias between Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and HFR observations was −0.08 m/s and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) was 0.25 m/s. In comparison, the agreement between the SAR‐derived OSC and the trajectories from Lagrangian surface drifters showed a mean bias of 0.02 m/s and an RMSD of 0.24 m/s. The accuracy of the SAR OSC retrievals rely on precise wind‐wave bias correction. Hence, the accuracy of the model wind field (speed and direction) is crucial. The sea state contribution must also be taken into account during the bias correction. A typical required accuracy of the OSC velocity is on the order of 0.1 m/s. Therefore, the comparisons demonstrate that the use of SAR for OSC retrieval is promising. 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subjects Accuracy
Bias
Buoys
Coastal currents
Coastal zone
Coastal zones
Data
Doppler effect
Doppler shift
Doppler sonar
Drift
Drifters
Evaluation
Fisheries
Frequency shift
Geophysics
HF‐radar
Marine debris
Model accuracy
Norwegian Current
Ocean currents
Ocean surface
ocean surface current
Ocean waves
Oceans
Oil spills
Radar
Radar data
Radar observation
Rescue operations
Retrieval
SAR (radar)
Satellite observation
Satellites
Sea state
Sea states
Search and rescue
Search and rescue missions
Sentinel‐1
Surface currents
Surface drifters
Surface water waves
Synthetic aperture radar
Trajectory measurement
User requirements
validation
Water flow
Wind
title Evaluation of Radial Ocean Surface Currents Derived From Sentinel‐1 IW Doppler Shift Using Coastal Radar and Lagrangian Surface Drifter Observations
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