Reexamining the Mechanisms of East Asian Summer Monsoon Changes in Response to Non–East Asian Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing
This study examines the mechanisms by which the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) changes in response to non–East Asian (NEA) anthropogenic aerosol forcing by distinguishing the fast direct atmospheric response and slow ocean-mediated response to forcing using a global aerosol–climate coupled model....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of climate 2020-04, Vol.33 (8), p.2929-2944 |
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| description | This study examines the mechanisms by which the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) changes in response to non–East Asian (NEA) anthropogenic aerosol forcing by distinguishing the fast direct atmospheric response and slow ocean-mediated response to forcing using a global aerosol–climate coupled model. The results show that NEA aerosol forcing significantly exacerbates the weakening of the EASM due to local aerosol forcing. The fast response is dominant in the weakening of the EASM and an anomalous precipitation pattern over eastern China resembling the “southern flood and northern drought” pattern in the total response to NEA aerosol forcing. Changes in upper-tropospheric temperature caused by the fast response play a major role in the impact of NEA aerosol forcing on the EASM. Anomalous cooling occurs during summer in the upper troposphere (at ~40°N) over East Asia caused by the fast response. This is due to the combined effects of strong eastward cold advection in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes caused by increased aerosol loading in Europe and the resulting change in local meridional heat transport in East Asia. Subsequently, the zonal wind speed changes on either side of the anomalous cooling, and the East Asian subtropical jet shifts equatorward, thereby weakening the EASM. The changes in atmospheric temperature and the local Hadley cell caused by the slow response to NEA aerosol forcing are conducive to strengthening the southwesterly winds over eastern China. Our study suggests the importance of NEA aerosol forcing in driving changes in the EASM on a fast time scale. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0550.1 |
| format | Article |
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The results show that NEA aerosol forcing significantly exacerbates the weakening of the EASM due to local aerosol forcing. The fast response is dominant in the weakening of the EASM and an anomalous precipitation pattern over eastern China resembling the “southern flood and northern drought” pattern in the total response to NEA aerosol forcing. Changes in upper-tropospheric temperature caused by the fast response play a major role in the impact of NEA aerosol forcing on the EASM. Anomalous cooling occurs during summer in the upper troposphere (at ~40°N) over East Asia caused by the fast response. This is due to the combined effects of strong eastward cold advection in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes caused by increased aerosol loading in Europe and the resulting change in local meridional heat transport in East Asia. Subsequently, the zonal wind speed changes on either side of the anomalous cooling, and the East Asian subtropical jet shifts equatorward, thereby weakening the EASM. The changes in atmospheric temperature and the local Hadley cell caused by the slow response to NEA aerosol forcing are conducive to strengthening the southwesterly winds over eastern China. Our study suggests the importance of NEA aerosol forcing in driving changes in the EASM on a fast time scale.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-8755</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0442</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0550.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>20th century ; Advection ; Aerosols ; Anthropogenic factors ; Atmospheric aerosols ; Atmospheric temperature ; Climate change ; Climate models ; Cooling ; Cooling rate ; Drought ; East Asian monsoon ; Emissions ; General circulation models ; Global aerosols ; Heat transport ; Human influences ; Meridional heat transport ; Monsoons ; Northern Hemisphere ; Precipitation ; Precipitation patterns ; Simulation ; Summer ; Summer monsoon ; Temperature ; Troposphere ; Upper troposphere ; Wind ; Wind speed ; Winds ; Zonal winds</subject><ispartof>Journal of climate, 2020-04, Vol.33 (8), p.2929-2944</ispartof><rights>2020 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Apr 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-5a514196bf0526d868cc75126173dfbe9664ab2e019ac059373e6d98e7bcf6593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-5a514196bf0526d868cc75126173dfbe9664ab2e019ac059373e6d98e7bcf6593</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26916899$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26916899$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,3681,27924,27925,58017,58250</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mu, Junyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Meilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Xiaochao</creatorcontrib><title>Reexamining the Mechanisms of East Asian Summer Monsoon Changes in Response to Non–East Asian Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing</title><title>Journal of climate</title><description>This study examines the mechanisms by which the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) changes in response to non–East Asian (NEA) anthropogenic aerosol forcing by distinguishing the fast direct atmospheric response and slow ocean-mediated response to forcing using a global aerosol–climate coupled model. The results show that NEA aerosol forcing significantly exacerbates the weakening of the EASM due to local aerosol forcing. The fast response is dominant in the weakening of the EASM and an anomalous precipitation pattern over eastern China resembling the “southern flood and northern drought” pattern in the total response to NEA aerosol forcing. Changes in upper-tropospheric temperature caused by the fast response play a major role in the impact of NEA aerosol forcing on the EASM. Anomalous cooling occurs during summer in the upper troposphere (at ~40°N) over East Asia caused by the fast response. This is due to the combined effects of strong eastward cold advection in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes caused by increased aerosol loading in Europe and the resulting change in local meridional heat transport in East Asia. Subsequently, the zonal wind speed changes on either side of the anomalous cooling, and the East Asian subtropical jet shifts equatorward, thereby weakening the EASM. The changes in atmospheric temperature and the local Hadley cell caused by the slow response to NEA aerosol forcing are conducive to strengthening the southwesterly winds over eastern China. Our study suggests the importance of NEA aerosol forcing in driving changes in the EASM on a fast time scale.</description><subject>20th century</subject><subject>Advection</subject><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Atmospheric aerosols</subject><subject>Atmospheric temperature</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cooling rate</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>East Asian monsoon</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>General circulation models</subject><subject>Global aerosols</subject><subject>Heat transport</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Meridional heat transport</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Northern Hemisphere</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Precipitation patterns</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Summer monsoon</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Troposphere</subject><subject>Upper troposphere</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Wind speed</subject><subject>Winds</subject><subject>Zonal 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Forcing</atitle><jtitle>Journal of climate</jtitle><date>2020-04-15</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2929</spage><epage>2944</epage><pages>2929-2944</pages><issn>0894-8755</issn><eissn>1520-0442</eissn><abstract>This study examines the mechanisms by which the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) changes in response to non–East Asian (NEA) anthropogenic aerosol forcing by distinguishing the fast direct atmospheric response and slow ocean-mediated response to forcing using a global aerosol–climate coupled model. The results show that NEA aerosol forcing significantly exacerbates the weakening of the EASM due to local aerosol forcing. The fast response is dominant in the weakening of the EASM and an anomalous precipitation pattern over eastern China resembling the “southern flood and northern drought” pattern in the total response to NEA aerosol forcing. Changes in upper-tropospheric temperature caused by the fast response play a major role in the impact of NEA aerosol forcing on the EASM. Anomalous cooling occurs during summer in the upper troposphere (at ~40°N) over East Asia caused by the fast response. This is due to the combined effects of strong eastward cold advection in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes caused by increased aerosol loading in Europe and the resulting change in local meridional heat transport in East Asia. Subsequently, the zonal wind speed changes on either side of the anomalous cooling, and the East Asian subtropical jet shifts equatorward, thereby weakening the EASM. The changes in atmospheric temperature and the local Hadley cell caused by the slow response to NEA aerosol forcing are conducive to strengthening the southwesterly winds over eastern China. Our study suggests the importance of NEA aerosol forcing in driving changes in the EASM on a fast time scale.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0550.1</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 20th century Advection Aerosols Anthropogenic factors Atmospheric aerosols Atmospheric temperature Climate change Climate models Cooling Cooling rate Drought East Asian monsoon Emissions General circulation models Global aerosols Heat transport Human influences Meridional heat transport Monsoons Northern Hemisphere Precipitation Precipitation patterns Simulation Summer Summer monsoon Temperature Troposphere Upper troposphere Wind Wind speed Winds Zonal winds |
| title | Reexamining the Mechanisms of East Asian Summer Monsoon Changes in Response to Non–East Asian Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing |
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