Effect of anisotropy on solute transport in degraded fen peat soils

Peat soils are heterogeneous, anisotropic porous media. Compared to mineral soils, there is still limited understanding of physical and solute transport properties of fen peat soils. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of soil anisotropy on solute transport in degraded fen peat. Undisturbe...

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Veröffentlicht in:Hydrological processes 2020-04, Vol.34 (9), p.2128-2138
Hauptverfasser: Wang, Miaorun, Liu, Haojie, Zak, Dominik, Lennartz, Bernd
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Liu, Haojie
Zak, Dominik
Lennartz, Bernd
description Peat soils are heterogeneous, anisotropic porous media. Compared to mineral soils, there is still limited understanding of physical and solute transport properties of fen peat soils. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of soil anisotropy on solute transport in degraded fen peat. Undisturbed soil cores, taken in vertical and horizontal direction, were collected from one drained and one restored fen peatland both in a comparable state of soil degradation. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s) and chemical properties of peat were determined for all soil cores. Miscible displacement experiments were conducted under saturated steady state conditions using potassium bromide as a conservative tracer. The results showed that (1) the K s in vertical direction (K sv) was significantly higher than that in horizontal direction (Ksh), indicating that K s of degraded fen peat behaves anisotropically; (2) pronounced preferential flow occurred in vertical direction with a higher immobile water fraction and a higher pore water velocity; (3) the 5% arrival time (a proxy for the strength of preferential flow) was affected by soil anisotropy as well as study site. A strong correlation was found between 5% arrival time and dispersivity, K s and mobile water fraction; (4) phosphate release was observed from drained peat only. The impact of soil heterogeneity on phosphate leaching was more pronounced than soil anisotropy. The soil core with the strongest preferential flow released the highest amount of phosphate. We conclude that soil anisotropy is crucial in peatland hydrology but additional research is required to fully understand anisotropy effects on solute transport. Riparian peatlands play an important role in reducing contaminant transport to ground and surface waters. The water filter function of peat is closely related to the heterogeneous and anisotropic soil structure. We investigated the effect of anisotropy on solute transport in degraded peat soils. The results show that if the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) behaves anisotropically with higher values in the vertical direction, preferential transport is most likely to occur also in the vertical direction.
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Compared to mineral soils, there is still limited understanding of physical and solute transport properties of fen peat soils. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of soil anisotropy on solute transport in degraded fen peat. Undisturbed soil cores, taken in vertical and horizontal direction, were collected from one drained and one restored fen peatland both in a comparable state of soil degradation. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s) and chemical properties of peat were determined for all soil cores. Miscible displacement experiments were conducted under saturated steady state conditions using potassium bromide as a conservative tracer. The results showed that (1) the K s in vertical direction (K sv) was significantly higher than that in horizontal direction (Ksh), indicating that K s of degraded fen peat behaves anisotropically; (2) pronounced preferential flow occurred in vertical direction with a higher immobile water fraction and a higher pore water velocity; (3) the 5% arrival time (a proxy for the strength of preferential flow) was affected by soil anisotropy as well as study site. A strong correlation was found between 5% arrival time and dispersivity, K s and mobile water fraction; (4) phosphate release was observed from drained peat only. The impact of soil heterogeneity on phosphate leaching was more pronounced than soil anisotropy. The soil core with the strongest preferential flow released the highest amount of phosphate. We conclude that soil anisotropy is crucial in peatland hydrology but additional research is required to fully understand anisotropy effects on solute transport. Riparian peatlands play an important role in reducing contaminant transport to ground and surface waters. The water filter function of peat is closely related to the heterogeneous and anisotropic soil structure. We investigated the effect of anisotropy on solute transport in degraded peat soils. The results show that if the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) behaves anisotropically with higher values in the vertical direction, preferential transport is most likely to occur also in the vertical direction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-6087</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1085</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13717</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>5% arrival time ; Anisotropy ; breakthrough curves ; Chemical properties ; Chemicophysical properties ; Cores ; Correlation analysis ; degraded fen peat ; Direction ; Environmental degradation ; Fens ; Heterogeneity ; Horizontal orientation ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Hydrology ; Leaching ; Peat ; Peat soils ; Peatland hydrology ; Peatlands ; Phosphates ; Pore water ; Porous media ; Potassium ; Potassium bromides ; Preferential flow ; Saturated soils ; Soil ; Soil degradation ; Soil porosity ; Soil properties ; Solute transport ; Solutes ; Tracers ; Transport ; Transport properties ; Water velocity</subject><ispartof>Hydrological processes, 2020-04, Vol.34 (9), p.2128-2138</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors. published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2020. 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Riparian peatlands play an important role in reducing contaminant transport to ground and surface waters. The water filter function of peat is closely related to the heterogeneous and anisotropic soil structure. We investigated the effect of anisotropy on solute transport in degraded peat soils. 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Compared to mineral soils, there is still limited understanding of physical and solute transport properties of fen peat soils. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of soil anisotropy on solute transport in degraded fen peat. Undisturbed soil cores, taken in vertical and horizontal direction, were collected from one drained and one restored fen peatland both in a comparable state of soil degradation. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s) and chemical properties of peat were determined for all soil cores. Miscible displacement experiments were conducted under saturated steady state conditions using potassium bromide as a conservative tracer. The results showed that (1) the K s in vertical direction (K sv) was significantly higher than that in horizontal direction (Ksh), indicating that K s of degraded fen peat behaves anisotropically; (2) pronounced preferential flow occurred in vertical direction with a higher immobile water fraction and a higher pore water velocity; (3) the 5% arrival time (a proxy for the strength of preferential flow) was affected by soil anisotropy as well as study site. A strong correlation was found between 5% arrival time and dispersivity, K s and mobile water fraction; (4) phosphate release was observed from drained peat only. The impact of soil heterogeneity on phosphate leaching was more pronounced than soil anisotropy. The soil core with the strongest preferential flow released the highest amount of phosphate. We conclude that soil anisotropy is crucial in peatland hydrology but additional research is required to fully understand anisotropy effects on solute transport. Riparian peatlands play an important role in reducing contaminant transport to ground and surface waters. The water filter function of peat is closely related to the heterogeneous and anisotropic soil structure. We investigated the effect of anisotropy on solute transport in degraded peat soils. The results show that if the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) behaves anisotropically with higher values in the vertical direction, preferential transport is most likely to occur also in the vertical direction.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/hyp.13717</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-6012</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects 5% arrival time
Anisotropy
breakthrough curves
Chemical properties
Chemicophysical properties
Cores
Correlation analysis
degraded fen peat
Direction
Environmental degradation
Fens
Heterogeneity
Horizontal orientation
Hydraulic conductivity
Hydrology
Leaching
Peat
Peat soils
Peatland hydrology
Peatlands
Phosphates
Pore water
Porous media
Potassium
Potassium bromides
Preferential flow
Saturated soils
Soil
Soil degradation
Soil porosity
Soil properties
Solute transport
Solutes
Tracers
Transport
Transport properties
Water velocity
title Effect of anisotropy on solute transport in degraded fen peat soils
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