Tunable Composition Aqueous-Synthesized Mixed-Phase TiO2 Nanocrystals for Photo-Assisted Water Decontamination: Comparison of Anatase, Brookite and Rutile Photocatalysts
Mixed-phase nanoTiO2 materials attract a lot of attention as advanced photocatalysts for water decontamination due to their intrinsic structure that allows better photo-excited e−cb-h+vb charge separation, hence improved photocatalytic efficiency. Currently, the best-known mixed-phase TiO2 photocata...
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description | Mixed-phase nanoTiO2 materials attract a lot of attention as advanced photocatalysts for water decontamination due to their intrinsic structure that allows better photo-excited e−cb-h+vb charge separation, hence improved photocatalytic efficiency. Currently, the best-known mixed-phase TiO2 photocatalyst is P25 with approximate composition 80% Anatase/20% Rutile (A/r). Apart from Anatase (A) and Rutile (R) phases, there is Brookite (B) which has been evaluated less as photocatalyst in mixed-phase nanoTiO2 systems. In this work we present a sustainable solution process to synthesize tunable composition mixed-phase nanotitania photocatalysts in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) by modulating conditions like pH, CTiCl4 and time. In particular three mixed-phase TiO2 nanomaterials were produced, namely one predominantly anatase with brookite as minor component (A/b), one predominantly brookite with minor component rutile (B/r), and one predominantly rutile with minor component brookite (R/b) and evaluated as photocatalysts in the degradation of methyl orange. The three semiconducting nanomaterials were characterized by XRD and Raman spectroscopy to quantify the phase ratios and subjected to nano-morphological characterization by FE-SEM and TEM/HR-TEM. The new mixed-phase nanoTiO2 materials are shown to be endowed with large specific surface area, ranging from 90–125 m2 g−1, double of that of P25, to be mesoporous and be surface-rich in Ti–OH molecular groups varying from 12%–20% versus 4% for P25. These properties though impact the adsorptive capacity with R/b and B/r removing > 50% of MO but not photocatalytic activity. The latter depends on nanograined mixed-phase structure and not mere assembly of different phase nanoparticles. First-order rate constants reveal essentially equivalent photocatalytic activity for anatase nanocrystals with either rutile (P25) or brookite (this work) domains. |
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Currently, the best-known mixed-phase TiO2 photocatalyst is P25 with approximate composition 80% Anatase/20% Rutile (A/r). Apart from Anatase (A) and Rutile (R) phases, there is Brookite (B) which has been evaluated less as photocatalyst in mixed-phase nanoTiO2 systems. In this work we present a sustainable solution process to synthesize tunable composition mixed-phase nanotitania photocatalysts in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) by modulating conditions like pH, CTiCl4 and time. In particular three mixed-phase TiO2 nanomaterials were produced, namely one predominantly anatase with brookite as minor component (A/b), one predominantly brookite with minor component rutile (B/r), and one predominantly rutile with minor component brookite (R/b) and evaluated as photocatalysts in the degradation of methyl orange. The three semiconducting nanomaterials were characterized by XRD and Raman spectroscopy to quantify the phase ratios and subjected to nano-morphological characterization by FE-SEM and TEM/HR-TEM. The new mixed-phase nanoTiO2 materials are shown to be endowed with large specific surface area, ranging from 90–125 m2 g−1, double of that of P25, to be mesoporous and be surface-rich in Ti–OH molecular groups varying from 12%–20% versus 4% for P25. These properties though impact the adsorptive capacity with R/b and B/r removing > 50% of MO but not photocatalytic activity. The latter depends on nanograined mixed-phase structure and not mere assembly of different phase nanoparticles. 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The three semiconducting nanomaterials were characterized by XRD and Raman spectroscopy to quantify the phase ratios and subjected to nano-morphological characterization by FE-SEM and TEM/HR-TEM. The new mixed-phase nanoTiO2 materials are shown to be endowed with large specific surface area, ranging from 90–125 m2 g−1, double of that of P25, to be mesoporous and be surface-rich in Ti–OH molecular groups varying from 12%–20% versus 4% for P25. These properties though impact the adsorptive capacity with R/b and B/r removing > 50% of MO but not photocatalytic activity. The latter depends on nanograined mixed-phase structure and not mere assembly of different phase nanoparticles. 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Guo, Fuqiang ; Elouatik, Samir ; Demopoulos, George P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c370t-b98943c6e0e8ac7438e140adda895bdc0cf490667a1d4770b654e5450baa21a03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adsorptivity</topic><topic>Anatase</topic><topic>Brookite</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Catalytic activity</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Continuously stirred tank reactors</topic><topic>Decontamination</topic><topic>Dyes</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanocrystals</topic><topic>Nanomaterials</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Organic chemicals</topic><topic>Photocatalysis</topic><topic>Photocatalysts</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Rate constants</topic><topic>Rutile</topic><topic>Solid phases</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Titanium dioxide</topic><topic>Water purification</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chalastara, Konstantina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Fuqiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elouatik, Samir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demopoulos, George P.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Catalysts</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chalastara, Konstantina</au><au>Guo, Fuqiang</au><au>Elouatik, Samir</au><au>Demopoulos, George P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tunable Composition Aqueous-Synthesized Mixed-Phase TiO2 Nanocrystals for Photo-Assisted Water Decontamination: Comparison of Anatase, Brookite and Rutile Photocatalysts</atitle><jtitle>Catalysts</jtitle><date>2020-04-08</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>407</spage><pages>407-</pages><issn>2073-4344</issn><eissn>2073-4344</eissn><abstract>Mixed-phase nanoTiO2 materials attract a lot of attention as advanced photocatalysts for water decontamination due to their intrinsic structure that allows better photo-excited e−cb-h+vb charge separation, hence improved photocatalytic efficiency. Currently, the best-known mixed-phase TiO2 photocatalyst is P25 with approximate composition 80% Anatase/20% Rutile (A/r). Apart from Anatase (A) and Rutile (R) phases, there is Brookite (B) which has been evaluated less as photocatalyst in mixed-phase nanoTiO2 systems. In this work we present a sustainable solution process to synthesize tunable composition mixed-phase nanotitania photocatalysts in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) by modulating conditions like pH, CTiCl4 and time. In particular three mixed-phase TiO2 nanomaterials were produced, namely one predominantly anatase with brookite as minor component (A/b), one predominantly brookite with minor component rutile (B/r), and one predominantly rutile with minor component brookite (R/b) and evaluated as photocatalysts in the degradation of methyl orange. The three semiconducting nanomaterials were characterized by XRD and Raman spectroscopy to quantify the phase ratios and subjected to nano-morphological characterization by FE-SEM and TEM/HR-TEM. The new mixed-phase nanoTiO2 materials are shown to be endowed with large specific surface area, ranging from 90–125 m2 g−1, double of that of P25, to be mesoporous and be surface-rich in Ti–OH molecular groups varying from 12%–20% versus 4% for P25. These properties though impact the adsorptive capacity with R/b and B/r removing > 50% of MO but not photocatalytic activity. The latter depends on nanograined mixed-phase structure and not mere assembly of different phase nanoparticles. First-order rate constants reveal essentially equivalent photocatalytic activity for anatase nanocrystals with either rutile (P25) or brookite (this work) domains.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/catal10040407</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8112-5339</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-6866</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adsorptivity Anatase Brookite Catalysts Catalytic activity Chemical reactions Composition Continuously stirred tank reactors Decontamination Dyes Efficiency Morphology Nanocrystals Nanomaterials Nanoparticles Organic chemicals Photocatalysis Photocatalysts Pollutants Raman spectroscopy Rate constants Rutile Solid phases Synthesis Titanium dioxide Water purification |
title | Tunable Composition Aqueous-Synthesized Mixed-Phase TiO2 Nanocrystals for Photo-Assisted Water Decontamination: Comparison of Anatase, Brookite and Rutile Photocatalysts |
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