Performance Investigation of the Immersed Depth Effects on a Water Wheel Using Experimental and Numerical Analyses
The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different immersed depths on water wheel performance and flow characteristics using numerical simulations. The results indicate that the simulation methods are consistent with experiments with a maximum error less than 5%. Under the same rotatio...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Water (Basel) 2020-04, Vol.12 (4), p.982 |
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description | The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different immersed depths on water wheel performance and flow characteristics using numerical simulations. The results indicate that the simulation methods are consistent with experiments with a maximum error less than 5%. Under the same rotational speeds, the efficiency is much higher and the fluctuation amplitude of the torque is much smaller as the immersed radius ratio increases, and until an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, the wheel shows the best performance, achieving a maximum efficiency of 18.05% at a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 0.1984. The average difference in water level increases as the immersed radius ratio increases until 82.76%. The water area is much wider and the water volume fraction shows more intense change at the inlet stage at a deep immersed depth. At an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, some air intrudes into the water at the inlet stage, coupled with a dramatic change in the water volume fraction that would make the flow more complex. Furthermore, eddies are found to gradually generate in a single flow channel nearly at the same time, except for an immersed depth of 1.2 m. However, eddies generate in two flow channels and can develop initial vortexes earlier than other cases because of the elevation of the upstream water level at an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/w12040982 |
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The results indicate that the simulation methods are consistent with experiments with a maximum error less than 5%. Under the same rotational speeds, the efficiency is much higher and the fluctuation amplitude of the torque is much smaller as the immersed radius ratio increases, and until an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, the wheel shows the best performance, achieving a maximum efficiency of 18.05% at a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 0.1984. The average difference in water level increases as the immersed radius ratio increases until 82.76%. The water area is much wider and the water volume fraction shows more intense change at the inlet stage at a deep immersed depth. At an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, some air intrudes into the water at the inlet stage, coupled with a dramatic change in the water volume fraction that would make the flow more complex. Furthermore, eddies are found to gradually generate in a single flow channel nearly at the same time, except for an immersed depth of 1.2 m. However, eddies generate in two flow channels and can develop initial vortexes earlier than other cases because of the elevation of the upstream water level at an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w12040982</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aerodynamics ; Analysis ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Computer simulation ; Creeks & streams ; Design ; Eddies ; Efficiency ; Elevation ; Energy ; Experiments ; Flow channels ; Flow characteristics ; Hydraulics ; Hydroelectric power ; Numerical analysis ; Researchers ; Simulation ; Simulation methods ; Stream water ; Turbines ; Turbulence models ; Vortices ; Water ; Water depth ; Water levels ; Water wheels</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2020-04, Vol.12 (4), p.982</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c331t-a3bf61bba71244931f93fd43f53a10c5901f16f1f922b7e02ed1f3ff5e4899be3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c331t-a3bf61bba71244931f93fd43f53a10c5901f16f1f922b7e02ed1f3ff5e4899be3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6102-1663</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Mengshang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Chunxia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuquan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Qinghong</creatorcontrib><title>Performance Investigation of the Immersed Depth Effects on a Water Wheel Using Experimental and Numerical Analyses</title><title>Water (Basel)</title><description>The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different immersed depths on water wheel performance and flow characteristics using numerical simulations. The results indicate that the simulation methods are consistent with experiments with a maximum error less than 5%. Under the same rotational speeds, the efficiency is much higher and the fluctuation amplitude of the torque is much smaller as the immersed radius ratio increases, and until an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, the wheel shows the best performance, achieving a maximum efficiency of 18.05% at a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 0.1984. The average difference in water level increases as the immersed radius ratio increases until 82.76%. The water area is much wider and the water volume fraction shows more intense change at the inlet stage at a deep immersed depth. At an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, some air intrudes into the water at the inlet stage, coupled with a dramatic change in the water volume fraction that would make the flow more complex. Furthermore, eddies are found to gradually generate in a single flow channel nearly at the same time, except for an immersed depth of 1.2 m. 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The results indicate that the simulation methods are consistent with experiments with a maximum error less than 5%. Under the same rotational speeds, the efficiency is much higher and the fluctuation amplitude of the torque is much smaller as the immersed radius ratio increases, and until an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, the wheel shows the best performance, achieving a maximum efficiency of 18.05% at a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 0.1984. The average difference in water level increases as the immersed radius ratio increases until 82.76%. The water area is much wider and the water volume fraction shows more intense change at the inlet stage at a deep immersed depth. At an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, some air intrudes into the water at the inlet stage, coupled with a dramatic change in the water volume fraction that would make the flow more complex. Furthermore, eddies are found to gradually generate in a single flow channel nearly at the same time, except for an immersed depth of 1.2 m. However, eddies generate in two flow channels and can develop initial vortexes earlier than other cases because of the elevation of the upstream water level at an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/w12040982</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-1663</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aerodynamics Analysis Computational fluid dynamics Computer simulation Creeks & streams Design Eddies Efficiency Elevation Energy Experiments Flow channels Flow characteristics Hydraulics Hydroelectric power Numerical analysis Researchers Simulation Simulation methods Stream water Turbines Turbulence models Vortices Water Water depth Water levels Water wheels |
title | Performance Investigation of the Immersed Depth Effects on a Water Wheel Using Experimental and Numerical Analyses |
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