Accuracy of sand beach topography surveying by drones and photogrammetry
Beaches are characterized by high morphodynamic activity, and high-frequency measurements are needed to understand their states and rates of change. Ideally, beach survey methods should be at once accurate, rapid and low-cost. Recently, unmanned aerial systems (drones) have been increasingly utilize...
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description | Beaches are characterized by high morphodynamic activity, and high-frequency measurements are needed to understand their states and rates of change. Ideally, beach survey methods should be at once accurate, rapid and low-cost. Recently, unmanned aerial systems (drones) have been increasingly utilized to measure beach topography. In this paper, we present a review of the state of art in drones and photogrammetry for beach surveys and the respective achieved measurement quality (where reported). We then show how drones with a minimal configuration and a low-cost setup can meet the high accuracy and rapidity required for beach surveys. To test a minimal drone and ground control point configuration, we used consumer-grade equipment to perform the same flight path with different cameras and at different altitudes. We then used photogrammetry to produce digital elevation models of the beach. Using a GNSS-RTK system, we collected 2950 independent control points to evaluate the accuracy of the digital elevation models. Results show that, once a few potential sources of uncertainties in the final digital elevation model are taken into account, the average RMSE(z) of the digital elevation models was ~5 cm, with a survey efficiency of ca. 3 m
2
min
−1
. Digital elevation models taken at different times were used to calculate the before–after sediment budget following a storm that hit a sandy coast in Sylt Island at the German North Sea coast. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00367-020-00638-8 |
format | Article |
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2
min
−1
. Digital elevation models taken at different times were used to calculate the before–after sediment budget following a storm that hit a sandy coast in Sylt Island at the German North Sea coast.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0276-0460</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1157</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00367-020-00638-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Beaches ; Cameras ; Coasts ; Configurations ; Control equipment ; Digital Elevation Models ; Drone aircraft ; Drones ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Elevation ; Geology ; Low cost ; Model accuracy ; Original ; Photogrammetry ; Polls & surveys ; Storms ; Surveying ; Surveys ; Topography ; Unmanned aerial vehicles</subject><ispartof>Geo-marine letters, 2020-04, Vol.40 (2), p.255-268</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><rights>Geo-Marine Letters is a copyright of Springer, (2020). All Rights Reserved. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a452t-9c5a0313b4f52097ce5d3c734e41c63b7b99ff1bc3ffb3d28e157a63589b58c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a452t-9c5a0313b4f52097ce5d3c734e41c63b7b99ff1bc3ffb3d28e157a63589b58c03</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8948-2442</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00367-020-00638-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00367-020-00638-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Casella, Elisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drechsel, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winter, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benninghoff, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rovere, Alessio</creatorcontrib><title>Accuracy of sand beach topography surveying by drones and photogrammetry</title><title>Geo-marine letters</title><addtitle>Geo-Mar Lett</addtitle><description>Beaches are characterized by high morphodynamic activity, and high-frequency measurements are needed to understand their states and rates of change. Ideally, beach survey methods should be at once accurate, rapid and low-cost. Recently, unmanned aerial systems (drones) have been increasingly utilized to measure beach topography. In this paper, we present a review of the state of art in drones and photogrammetry for beach surveys and the respective achieved measurement quality (where reported). We then show how drones with a minimal configuration and a low-cost setup can meet the high accuracy and rapidity required for beach surveys. To test a minimal drone and ground control point configuration, we used consumer-grade equipment to perform the same flight path with different cameras and at different altitudes. We then used photogrammetry to produce digital elevation models of the beach. Using a GNSS-RTK system, we collected 2950 independent control points to evaluate the accuracy of the digital elevation models. Results show that, once a few potential sources of uncertainties in the final digital elevation model are taken into account, the average RMSE(z) of the digital elevation models was ~5 cm, with a survey efficiency of ca. 3 m
2
min
−1
. Digital elevation models taken at different times were used to calculate the before–after sediment budget following a storm that hit a sandy coast in Sylt Island at the German North Sea coast.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Beaches</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Coasts</subject><subject>Configurations</subject><subject>Control equipment</subject><subject>Digital Elevation Models</subject><subject>Drone aircraft</subject><subject>Drones</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Low cost</subject><subject>Model accuracy</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Photogrammetry</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Storms</subject><subject>Surveying</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Topography</subject><subject>Unmanned aerial vehicles</subject><issn>0276-0460</issn><issn>1432-1157</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEFLwzAYhoMoOKd_wFPAc_RL0jTpcQx1wsCLnkOSJt2Ga2rSCv33dlbw5um7PO_7fjwI3VK4pwDyIQPwUhJgQABKrog6QwtacEYoFfIcLYDJkkBRwiW6yvkAAIVUdIE2K-eGZNyIY8DZtDW23rgd7mMXm2S63YjzkL78uG8bbEdcp9j6jE9gt4v9iTkefZ_Ga3QRzEf2N793id6fHt_WG7J9fX5Zr7bEFIL1pHLCAKfcFkEwqKTzouZO8sIX1JXcSltVIVDreAiW10z56X9TcqEqK5QDvkR3c2-X4ufgc68PcUjtNKkZV1zJSolqothMuRRzTj7oLu2PJo2agj4Z07MxPRnTP8a0mkJ8DuUJbhuf_qr_SX0DUiZueA</recordid><startdate>20200401</startdate><enddate>20200401</enddate><creator>Casella, Elisa</creator><creator>Drechsel, Jan</creator><creator>Winter, Christian</creator><creator>Benninghoff, Markus</creator><creator>Rovere, Alessio</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-2442</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200401</creationdate><title>Accuracy of sand beach topography surveying by drones and photogrammetry</title><author>Casella, Elisa ; Drechsel, Jan ; Winter, Christian ; Benninghoff, Markus ; Rovere, Alessio</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a452t-9c5a0313b4f52097ce5d3c734e41c63b7b99ff1bc3ffb3d28e157a63589b58c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Beaches</topic><topic>Cameras</topic><topic>Coasts</topic><topic>Configurations</topic><topic>Control equipment</topic><topic>Digital Elevation Models</topic><topic>Drone aircraft</topic><topic>Drones</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Elevation</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Low cost</topic><topic>Model accuracy</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Photogrammetry</topic><topic>Polls & surveys</topic><topic>Storms</topic><topic>Surveying</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Topography</topic><topic>Unmanned aerial vehicles</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Casella, Elisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drechsel, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Winter, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benninghoff, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rovere, Alessio</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Geo-marine letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Casella, Elisa</au><au>Drechsel, Jan</au><au>Winter, Christian</au><au>Benninghoff, Markus</au><au>Rovere, Alessio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Accuracy of sand beach topography surveying by drones and photogrammetry</atitle><jtitle>Geo-marine letters</jtitle><stitle>Geo-Mar Lett</stitle><date>2020-04-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>255</spage><epage>268</epage><pages>255-268</pages><issn>0276-0460</issn><eissn>1432-1157</eissn><abstract>Beaches are characterized by high morphodynamic activity, and high-frequency measurements are needed to understand their states and rates of change. Ideally, beach survey methods should be at once accurate, rapid and low-cost. Recently, unmanned aerial systems (drones) have been increasingly utilized to measure beach topography. In this paper, we present a review of the state of art in drones and photogrammetry for beach surveys and the respective achieved measurement quality (where reported). We then show how drones with a minimal configuration and a low-cost setup can meet the high accuracy and rapidity required for beach surveys. To test a minimal drone and ground control point configuration, we used consumer-grade equipment to perform the same flight path with different cameras and at different altitudes. We then used photogrammetry to produce digital elevation models of the beach. Using a GNSS-RTK system, we collected 2950 independent control points to evaluate the accuracy of the digital elevation models. Results show that, once a few potential sources of uncertainties in the final digital elevation model are taken into account, the average RMSE(z) of the digital elevation models was ~5 cm, with a survey efficiency of ca. 3 m
2
min
−1
. Digital elevation models taken at different times were used to calculate the before–after sediment budget following a storm that hit a sandy coast in Sylt Island at the German North Sea coast.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00367-020-00638-8</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-2442</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Accuracy Beaches Cameras Coasts Configurations Control equipment Digital Elevation Models Drone aircraft Drones Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Elevation Geology Low cost Model accuracy Original Photogrammetry Polls & surveys Storms Surveying Surveys Topography Unmanned aerial vehicles |
title | Accuracy of sand beach topography surveying by drones and photogrammetry |
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