Understanding the Role of Organic Matter Cycling for the Spatio-Temporal Structure of PCBs in the North Sea

Using the North Sea as a case scenario, a combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical-pollutant model was applied for simulating the seasonal variability of the distribution of hydrophobic chemical pollutants in a marine water body. The model was designed in a nested framework including a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Water (Basel) 2020-03, Vol.12 (3), p.817
Hauptverfasser: Daewel, Ute, Yakushev, Evgeniy V., Schrum, Corinna, Nizzetto, Luca, Mikheeva, Elena
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container_issue 3
container_start_page 817
container_title Water (Basel)
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creator Daewel, Ute
Yakushev, Evgeniy V.
Schrum, Corinna
Nizzetto, Luca
Mikheeva, Elena
description Using the North Sea as a case scenario, a combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical-pollutant model was applied for simulating the seasonal variability of the distribution of hydrophobic chemical pollutants in a marine water body. The model was designed in a nested framework including a hydrodynamic block (Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM)), a biogeochemical block (Oxygen Depletion Model (OxyDep)), and a pollutant-partitioning block (PolPar). Pollutants can be (1) transported via advection and turbulent diffusion, (2) get absorbed and released by a dynamic pool of particulate and dissolved organic matter, and (3) get degraded. Our model results indicate that the seasonality of biogeochemical processes, including production, sinking, and decay, favors the development of hot spots with particular high pollutant concentrations in intermediate waters of biologically highly active regions and seasons, and it potentially increases the exposure of feeding fish to these pollutants. In winter, however, thermal convection homogenizes the water column and destroys the vertical stratification of the pollutant. A significant fraction of the previously exported pollutants is then returned to the water surface and becomes available for exchange with the atmosphere, potentially turning the ocean into a secondary source for pollutants. Moreover, we could show that desorption from aging organic material in the upper aphotic zone is expected to retard pollutants transfer and burial into sediments; thus, it is considerably limiting the effectiveness of the biological pump for pollutant exports.
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subjects Aging
Air pollution
Aphotic zone
Baltic Sea
Biogeochemistry
Biological effects
Chemical pollution
Chemicals
Computer simulation
Convection
Depletion
Diffusion barriers
Dissolved organic matter
Eddy diffusion
Free convection
Geochemical cycles
Germany
Hydrophobicity
Marine pollution
Multimedia
Norway
Oxygen depletion
PCB
Plankton
Pollutants
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Seasonal distribution
Seasonal variations
Sediment pollution
Sediments
Sediments (Geology)
Surface water
Turbulent diffusion
Vertical distribution
Water bodies
Water circulation
Water column
Water pollution
title Understanding the Role of Organic Matter Cycling for the Spatio-Temporal Structure of PCBs in the North Sea
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