Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam and evaluation of their bio‐activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions
The purpose of this experiment was the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extracts of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam (AgNPs@Ziziphora) and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound‐healing effects. These nanoparticles were character...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied organometallic chemistry 2020-04, Vol.34 (4), p.n/a |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | n/a |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | |
| container_title | Applied organometallic chemistry |
| container_volume | 34 |
| creator | Ahmeda, Ahmad Zangeneh, Akram Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad Seydi, Niloofar Zangeneh, Mohammad Mahdi Mansouri, Sanaz Goorani, Samaneh Moradi, Rohallah |
| description | The purpose of this experiment was the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extracts of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam (AgNPs@Ziziphora) and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound‐healing effects. These nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (FESEM‐EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV–Vis, TEM, and FESEM analyses indicated that the size of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) depended on Z. clinopodioides and AgNO3 concentrations. In vitro biological experiments indicated that AgNPs@Ziziphora has excellent antioxidant potential against DPPH, antifungal effects against Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Also, these nanoparticles did not exhibit cytotoxicity property against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). An in vivo biological test revealed that AgNPs@Ziziphora ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased the levels of wound contracture, blood vessels, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and fibrocyte/fibroblast ratio and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, and levels of total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes than other groups in rats. The results of UV–Vis, XRD, FESEM‐EDX, AFM, and TEM confirmed that the aqueous extract of Z. clinopodioides can be used to produce silver nanoparticles with significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cutaneous wound‐healing properties without any cytotoxicity.
Introducing a modern cutaneous wound ointment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/aoc.5358 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2376071334</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2376071334</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3308-70382a1a8c94e9ed3fb3d3c77acdd2939e6b2b6b6aad91671fb79e07f7fbc4463</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10U9KxDAUBvAgCo5_wCME3LjpmDSdpFnKoKMwMBvduClpkuKTmtSkHR1XHsF7eCtPYjrj1lV48PveI3wInVEypYTkl8rr6YzNyj00oUTKjAgm99GE5LzMck5mh-goxmdCiOS0mKDvRbDW4bhx_ZONELFvcIR2bQN2yvlOhR50ayNugn_B6nWwfojYvvdB6X7Ej_AB3ZMPCusWUsAb8GBSYKmSdwbbtWoH1YN3I09XIOAa_M_nV9oAa-gh4cGZdBEcTnPw29x2WHusvTMwxuMJOmhUG-3p33uMHm6u7-e32XK1uJtfLTPNGCkzQViZK6pKLQsrrWFNzQzTQihtTC6ZtLzOa15zpYykXNCmFtIS0Yim1kXB2TE63-3tgk8fjn317Ifg0skqZ4ITQRkrkrrYKR18jME2VRfgRYVNRUk1VlGlKqqxikSzHX2D1m7-ddXVar71v10fkEo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2376071334</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam and evaluation of their bio‐activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions</title><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Ahmeda, Ahmad ; Zangeneh, Akram ; Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad ; Seydi, Niloofar ; Zangeneh, Mohammad Mahdi ; Mansouri, Sanaz ; Goorani, Samaneh ; Moradi, Rohallah</creator><creatorcontrib>Ahmeda, Ahmad ; Zangeneh, Akram ; Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad ; Seydi, Niloofar ; Zangeneh, Mohammad Mahdi ; Mansouri, Sanaz ; Goorani, Samaneh ; Moradi, Rohallah</creatorcontrib><description>The purpose of this experiment was the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extracts of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam (AgNPs@Ziziphora) and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound‐healing effects. These nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (FESEM‐EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV–Vis, TEM, and FESEM analyses indicated that the size of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) depended on Z. clinopodioides and AgNO3 concentrations. In vitro biological experiments indicated that AgNPs@Ziziphora has excellent antioxidant potential against DPPH, antifungal effects against Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Also, these nanoparticles did not exhibit cytotoxicity property against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). An in vivo biological test revealed that AgNPs@Ziziphora ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased the levels of wound contracture, blood vessels, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and fibrocyte/fibroblast ratio and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, and levels of total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes than other groups in rats. The results of UV–Vis, XRD, FESEM‐EDX, AFM, and TEM confirmed that the aqueous extract of Z. clinopodioides can be used to produce silver nanoparticles with significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cutaneous wound‐healing properties without any cytotoxicity.
Introducing a modern cutaneous wound ointment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0268-2605</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-0739</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5358</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>antimicrobial, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, silver nanoparticles, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam extract ; Antioxidants ; Atomic beam spectroscopy ; Atomic force microscopy ; Biocompatibility ; Blood vessels ; Chemistry ; Cytotoxicity ; E coli ; Endothelial cells ; Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy ; Fibroblasts ; Field emission microscopy ; Fungicides ; In vivo methods and tests ; Lymphocytes ; Microscopy ; Nanoparticles ; Ointments ; Proline ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Salmonella ; Silver ; Spectrum analysis ; Synthesis ; Toxicity ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Wound healing ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>Applied organometallic chemistry, 2020-04, Vol.34 (4), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3308-70382a1a8c94e9ed3fb3d3c77acdd2939e6b2b6b6aad91671fb79e07f7fbc4463</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3308-70382a1a8c94e9ed3fb3d3c77acdd2939e6b2b6b6aad91671fb79e07f7fbc4463</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2071-4014 ; 0000-0001-5153-2259 ; 0000-0001-8129-8432 ; 0000-0002-6892-2955</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Faoc.5358$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Faoc.5358$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ahmeda, Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zangeneh, Akram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seydi, Niloofar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zangeneh, Mohammad Mahdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansouri, Sanaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goorani, Samaneh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moradi, Rohallah</creatorcontrib><title>Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam and evaluation of their bio‐activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions</title><title>Applied organometallic chemistry</title><description>The purpose of this experiment was the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extracts of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam (AgNPs@Ziziphora) and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound‐healing effects. These nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (FESEM‐EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV–Vis, TEM, and FESEM analyses indicated that the size of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) depended on Z. clinopodioides and AgNO3 concentrations. In vitro biological experiments indicated that AgNPs@Ziziphora has excellent antioxidant potential against DPPH, antifungal effects against Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Also, these nanoparticles did not exhibit cytotoxicity property against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). An in vivo biological test revealed that AgNPs@Ziziphora ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased the levels of wound contracture, blood vessels, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and fibrocyte/fibroblast ratio and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, and levels of total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes than other groups in rats. The results of UV–Vis, XRD, FESEM‐EDX, AFM, and TEM confirmed that the aqueous extract of Z. clinopodioides can be used to produce silver nanoparticles with significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cutaneous wound‐healing properties without any cytotoxicity.
Introducing a modern cutaneous wound ointment.</description><subject>antimicrobial, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, silver nanoparticles, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam extract</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Atomic beam spectroscopy</subject><subject>Atomic force microscopy</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Blood vessels</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Endothelial cells</subject><subject>Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>Field emission microscopy</subject><subject>Fungicides</subject><subject>In vivo methods and tests</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Ointments</subject><subject>Proline</subject><subject>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Silver</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Transmission electron microscopy</subject><subject>Wound healing</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><issn>0268-2605</issn><issn>1099-0739</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10U9KxDAUBvAgCo5_wCME3LjpmDSdpFnKoKMwMBvduClpkuKTmtSkHR1XHsF7eCtPYjrj1lV48PveI3wInVEypYTkl8rr6YzNyj00oUTKjAgm99GE5LzMck5mh-goxmdCiOS0mKDvRbDW4bhx_ZONELFvcIR2bQN2yvlOhR50ayNugn_B6nWwfojYvvdB6X7Ej_AB3ZMPCusWUsAb8GBSYKmSdwbbtWoH1YN3I09XIOAa_M_nV9oAa-gh4cGZdBEcTnPw29x2WHusvTMwxuMJOmhUG-3p33uMHm6u7-e32XK1uJtfLTPNGCkzQViZK6pKLQsrrWFNzQzTQihtTC6ZtLzOa15zpYykXNCmFtIS0Yim1kXB2TE63-3tgk8fjn317Ifg0skqZ4ITQRkrkrrYKR18jME2VRfgRYVNRUk1VlGlKqqxikSzHX2D1m7-ddXVar71v10fkEo</recordid><startdate>202004</startdate><enddate>202004</enddate><creator>Ahmeda, Ahmad</creator><creator>Zangeneh, Akram</creator><creator>Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad</creator><creator>Seydi, Niloofar</creator><creator>Zangeneh, Mohammad Mahdi</creator><creator>Mansouri, Sanaz</creator><creator>Goorani, Samaneh</creator><creator>Moradi, Rohallah</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-4014</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-2259</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-8432</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-2955</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202004</creationdate><title>Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam and evaluation of their bio‐activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions</title><author>Ahmeda, Ahmad ; Zangeneh, Akram ; Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad ; Seydi, Niloofar ; Zangeneh, Mohammad Mahdi ; Mansouri, Sanaz ; Goorani, Samaneh ; Moradi, Rohallah</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3308-70382a1a8c94e9ed3fb3d3c77acdd2939e6b2b6b6aad91671fb79e07f7fbc4463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>antimicrobial, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, silver nanoparticles, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam extract</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Atomic beam spectroscopy</topic><topic>Atomic force microscopy</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Blood vessels</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Endothelial cells</topic><topic>Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy</topic><topic>Fibroblasts</topic><topic>Field emission microscopy</topic><topic>Fungicides</topic><topic>In vivo methods and tests</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Ointments</topic><topic>Proline</topic><topic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</topic><topic>Salmonella</topic><topic>Silver</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Transmission electron microscopy</topic><topic>Wound healing</topic><topic>X-ray diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ahmeda, Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zangeneh, Akram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seydi, Niloofar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zangeneh, Mohammad Mahdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansouri, Sanaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goorani, Samaneh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moradi, Rohallah</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Applied organometallic chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ahmeda, Ahmad</au><au>Zangeneh, Akram</au><au>Kalbasi, Roozbeh Javad</au><au>Seydi, Niloofar</au><au>Zangeneh, Mohammad Mahdi</au><au>Mansouri, Sanaz</au><au>Goorani, Samaneh</au><au>Moradi, Rohallah</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam and evaluation of their bio‐activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions</atitle><jtitle>Applied organometallic chemistry</jtitle><date>2020-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>4</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0268-2605</issn><eissn>1099-0739</eissn><abstract>The purpose of this experiment was the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extracts of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam (AgNPs@Ziziphora) and assessment of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound‐healing effects. These nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (FESEM‐EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV–Vis, TEM, and FESEM analyses indicated that the size of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) depended on Z. clinopodioides and AgNO3 concentrations. In vitro biological experiments indicated that AgNPs@Ziziphora has excellent antioxidant potential against DPPH, antifungal effects against Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Also, these nanoparticles did not exhibit cytotoxicity property against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). An in vivo biological test revealed that AgNPs@Ziziphora ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased the levels of wound contracture, blood vessels, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and fibrocyte/fibroblast ratio and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, and levels of total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes than other groups in rats. The results of UV–Vis, XRD, FESEM‐EDX, AFM, and TEM confirmed that the aqueous extract of Z. clinopodioides can be used to produce silver nanoparticles with significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cutaneous wound‐healing properties without any cytotoxicity.
Introducing a modern cutaneous wound ointment.</abstract><cop>Chichester</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/aoc.5358</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-4014</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-2259</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-8432</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-2955</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0268-2605 |
| ispartof | Applied organometallic chemistry, 2020-04, Vol.34 (4), p.n/a |
| issn | 0268-2605 1099-0739 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2376071334 |
| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | antimicrobial, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, silver nanoparticles, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam extract Antioxidants Atomic beam spectroscopy Atomic force microscopy Biocompatibility Blood vessels Chemistry Cytotoxicity E coli Endothelial cells Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy Fibroblasts Field emission microscopy Fungicides In vivo methods and tests Lymphocytes Microscopy Nanoparticles Ointments Proline Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella Silver Spectrum analysis Synthesis Toxicity Transmission electron microscopy Wound healing X-ray diffraction |
| title | Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam and evaluation of their bio‐activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T00%3A38%3A52IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Green%20synthesis%20of%20silver%20nanoparticles%20from%20aqueous%20extract%20of%20Ziziphora%20clinopodioides%20Lam%20and%20evaluation%20of%20their%20bio%E2%80%90activities%20under%20in%20vitro%20and%20in%20vivo%20conditions&rft.jtitle=Applied%20organometallic%20chemistry&rft.au=Ahmeda,%20Ahmad&rft.date=2020-04&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.epage=n/a&rft.issn=0268-2605&rft.eissn=1099-0739&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/aoc.5358&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2376071334%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2376071334&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |