Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal-fired thermal power plant in Turkey
In this study, heavy metal concentrations in agricultural surface soil (0–5 cm) samples collected from the area around the Kangal lignite-fired thermal power plant were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Also, the pH values of agricultural soil samples were measured...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2020-03, Vol.79 (6), Article 134 |
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| creator | Turhan, Ş. Garad, A. M. K. Hançerlioğulları, A. Kurnaz, A. Gören, E. Duran, C. Karataşlı, M. Altıkulaç, A. Savacı, G. Aydın, A. |
| description | In this study, heavy metal concentrations in agricultural surface soil (0–5 cm) samples collected from the area around the Kangal lignite-fired thermal power plant were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Also, the pH values of agricultural soil samples were measured to assess the level of acidification. Geo-accumulation index (
I
geo
), enrichment factor (
E
F
), contamination factor (
C
F
), contamination degree (
C
D
), modified contamination degree (mC
D
), and pollution load index (
I
PL
) were estimated to assess the heavy metals pollution in soil samples. The average concentration of Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Zr, Co, Cu, Pb, As, Sn and Hg was found as 39,065 ± 5096, 2262 ± 738, 721 ± 119, 713 ± 236, 610 ± 199, 82 ± 37, 65 ± 26, 64 ± 19, 29 ± 3, 17 ± 7, 9 ± 7, 3 ± 1 and 2 ± 1 mg kg
−1
, respectively. The values of pH varied from 7.5 to 8.2 with an average value of 8.0 (moderately alkaline). The
I
geo
,
E
F
and
C
F
results reveal that the study area is heavily or very highly contaminated with Cr, Ni, and Hg. On the basis of the
I
PL
value, the soil samples are polluted with heavy metals. However, the mC
D
indicates moderate heavy-metal contamination of the soil samples. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2372624049</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2372624049</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-2adfa721041dc82c866d746309d185fa067dc44bf8d38f03e1ea3def8de1b5293</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kE1LAzEURYMoWLQ_wF3AdTQf00xmKaV-QMFNXYc0eWmnzkzGZEbpvzdlRFdm8_LgnJtwEbph9I5RWt4nxqVcEMopUUoWhJ2hGVNSEsmr6vz3ruglmqd0oPkIJioqZ0ivbGjCrramwSYlSKmFbsDB4z2YzyNuYTBNwnWHU6gzEsPYOWywDaYhvo7g8LCH2Ga9D18Qcd-Y7Gd-M8Z3OF6jC58DYP4zr9Db42qzfCbr16eX5cOaGCGqgXDjvCk5owVzVnGbP-zKQgpaOaYW3lBZOlsUW6-cUJ4KYGCEg7wC2y54Ja7Q7ZTbx_AxQhr0IYyxy09qLkoueUGLE8UmysaQUgSv-1i3Jh41o_pUpZ6q1LlKfapSs-zwyUmZ7XYQ_5L_l74BCHp20Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2372624049</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal-fired thermal power plant in Turkey</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Turhan, Ş. ; Garad, A. M. K. ; Hançerlioğulları, A. ; Kurnaz, A. ; Gören, E. ; Duran, C. ; Karataşlı, M. ; Altıkulaç, A. ; Savacı, G. ; Aydın, A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Turhan, Ş. ; Garad, A. M. K. ; Hançerlioğulları, A. ; Kurnaz, A. ; Gören, E. ; Duran, C. ; Karataşlı, M. ; Altıkulaç, A. ; Savacı, G. ; Aydın, A.</creatorcontrib><description>In this study, heavy metal concentrations in agricultural surface soil (0–5 cm) samples collected from the area around the Kangal lignite-fired thermal power plant were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Also, the pH values of agricultural soil samples were measured to assess the level of acidification. Geo-accumulation index (
I
geo
), enrichment factor (
E
F
), contamination factor (
C
F
), contamination degree (
C
D
), modified contamination degree (mC
D
), and pollution load index (
I
PL
) were estimated to assess the heavy metals pollution in soil samples. The average concentration of Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Zr, Co, Cu, Pb, As, Sn and Hg was found as 39,065 ± 5096, 2262 ± 738, 721 ± 119, 713 ± 236, 610 ± 199, 82 ± 37, 65 ± 26, 64 ± 19, 29 ± 3, 17 ± 7, 9 ± 7, 3 ± 1 and 2 ± 1 mg kg
−1
, respectively. The values of pH varied from 7.5 to 8.2 with an average value of 8.0 (moderately alkaline). The
I
geo
,
E
F
and
C
F
results reveal that the study area is heavily or very highly contaminated with Cr, Ni, and Hg. On the basis of the
I
PL
value, the soil samples are polluted with heavy metals. However, the mC
D
indicates moderate heavy-metal contamination of the soil samples.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Acidification ; Agricultural land ; Biogeosciences ; Cadmium ; Chromium ; Coal ; Coal-fired power plants ; Contamination ; Copper ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Electric power generation ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Fluorescence ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Heavy metals ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Iron ; Lead ; Lignite ; Manganese ; Mercury ; Mercury (metal) ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Metals in soil ; Nickel ; Original Article ; pH effects ; Pollutant load ; Pollution ; Pollution index ; Pollution load ; Power plants ; Soil ; Soil contamination ; Soil pollution ; Soil surfaces ; Soils ; Spectrometry ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Thermal energy ; Thermal power ; Thermal power plants ; Thermoelectricity ; Tin ; Titanium ; X-ray fluorescence ; Zinc ; Zirconium</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2020-03, Vol.79 (6), Article 134</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-2adfa721041dc82c866d746309d185fa067dc44bf8d38f03e1ea3def8de1b5293</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-2adfa721041dc82c866d746309d185fa067dc44bf8d38f03e1ea3def8de1b5293</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Turhan, Ş.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garad, A. M. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hançerlioğulları, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurnaz, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gören, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duran, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karataşlı, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altıkulaç, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savacı, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aydın, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal-fired thermal power plant in Turkey</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>In this study, heavy metal concentrations in agricultural surface soil (0–5 cm) samples collected from the area around the Kangal lignite-fired thermal power plant were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Also, the pH values of agricultural soil samples were measured to assess the level of acidification. Geo-accumulation index (
I
geo
), enrichment factor (
E
F
), contamination factor (
C
F
), contamination degree (
C
D
), modified contamination degree (mC
D
), and pollution load index (
I
PL
) were estimated to assess the heavy metals pollution in soil samples. The average concentration of Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Zr, Co, Cu, Pb, As, Sn and Hg was found as 39,065 ± 5096, 2262 ± 738, 721 ± 119, 713 ± 236, 610 ± 199, 82 ± 37, 65 ± 26, 64 ± 19, 29 ± 3, 17 ± 7, 9 ± 7, 3 ± 1 and 2 ± 1 mg kg
−1
, respectively. The values of pH varied from 7.5 to 8.2 with an average value of 8.0 (moderately alkaline). The
I
geo
,
E
F
and
C
F
results reveal that the study area is heavily or very highly contaminated with Cr, Ni, and Hg. On the basis of the
I
PL
value, the soil samples are polluted with heavy metals. However, the mC
D
indicates moderate heavy-metal contamination of the soil samples.</description><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>Coal-fired power plants</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Electric power generation</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lignite</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury (metal)</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals in soil</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Pollutant load</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>Pollution load</subject><subject>Power plants</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil contamination</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Soil surfaces</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Spectrometry</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Thermal energy</subject><subject>Thermal power</subject><subject>Thermal power plants</subject><subject>Thermoelectricity</subject><subject>Tin</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>X-ray fluorescence</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>Zirconium</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1LAzEURYMoWLQ_wF3AdTQf00xmKaV-QMFNXYc0eWmnzkzGZEbpvzdlRFdm8_LgnJtwEbph9I5RWt4nxqVcEMopUUoWhJ2hGVNSEsmr6vz3ruglmqd0oPkIJioqZ0ivbGjCrramwSYlSKmFbsDB4z2YzyNuYTBNwnWHU6gzEsPYOWywDaYhvo7g8LCH2Ga9D18Qcd-Y7Gd-M8Z3OF6jC58DYP4zr9Db42qzfCbr16eX5cOaGCGqgXDjvCk5owVzVnGbP-zKQgpaOaYW3lBZOlsUW6-cUJ4KYGCEg7wC2y54Ja7Q7ZTbx_AxQhr0IYyxy09qLkoueUGLE8UmysaQUgSv-1i3Jh41o_pUpZ6q1LlKfapSs-zwyUmZ7XYQ_5L_l74BCHp20Q</recordid><startdate>20200301</startdate><enddate>20200301</enddate><creator>Turhan, Ş.</creator><creator>Garad, A. M. K.</creator><creator>Hançerlioğulları, A.</creator><creator>Kurnaz, A.</creator><creator>Gören, E.</creator><creator>Duran, C.</creator><creator>Karataşlı, M.</creator><creator>Altıkulaç, A.</creator><creator>Savacı, G.</creator><creator>Aydın, A.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200301</creationdate><title>Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal-fired thermal power plant in Turkey</title><author>Turhan, Ş. ; Garad, A. M. K. ; Hançerlioğulları, A. ; Kurnaz, A. ; Gören, E. ; Duran, C. ; Karataşlı, M. ; Altıkulaç, A. ; Savacı, G. ; Aydın, A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-2adfa721041dc82c866d746309d185fa067dc44bf8d38f03e1ea3def8de1b5293</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Acidification</topic><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Coal</topic><topic>Coal-fired power plants</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Electric power generation</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Lignite</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Mercury (metal)</topic><topic>Metal concentrations</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Metals in soil</topic><topic>Nickel</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Pollutant load</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution index</topic><topic>Pollution load</topic><topic>Power plants</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil contamination</topic><topic>Soil pollution</topic><topic>Soil surfaces</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Spectrometry</topic><topic>Terrestrial Pollution</topic><topic>Thermal energy</topic><topic>Thermal power</topic><topic>Thermal power plants</topic><topic>Thermoelectricity</topic><topic>Tin</topic><topic>Titanium</topic><topic>X-ray fluorescence</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><topic>Zirconium</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Turhan, Ş.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garad, A. M. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hançerlioğulları, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurnaz, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gören, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duran, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karataşlı, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altıkulaç, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savacı, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aydın, A.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Turhan, Ş.</au><au>Garad, A. M. K.</au><au>Hançerlioğulları, A.</au><au>Kurnaz, A.</au><au>Gören, E.</au><au>Duran, C.</au><au>Karataşlı, M.</au><au>Altıkulaç, A.</au><au>Savacı, G.</au><au>Aydın, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal-fired thermal power plant in Turkey</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2020-03-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>79</volume><issue>6</issue><artnum>134</artnum><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>In this study, heavy metal concentrations in agricultural surface soil (0–5 cm) samples collected from the area around the Kangal lignite-fired thermal power plant were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Also, the pH values of agricultural soil samples were measured to assess the level of acidification. Geo-accumulation index (
I
geo
), enrichment factor (
E
F
), contamination factor (
C
F
), contamination degree (
C
D
), modified contamination degree (mC
D
), and pollution load index (
I
PL
) were estimated to assess the heavy metals pollution in soil samples. The average concentration of Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, Zr, Co, Cu, Pb, As, Sn and Hg was found as 39,065 ± 5096, 2262 ± 738, 721 ± 119, 713 ± 236, 610 ± 199, 82 ± 37, 65 ± 26, 64 ± 19, 29 ± 3, 17 ± 7, 9 ± 7, 3 ± 1 and 2 ± 1 mg kg
−1
, respectively. The values of pH varied from 7.5 to 8.2 with an average value of 8.0 (moderately alkaline). The
I
geo
,
E
F
and
C
F
results reveal that the study area is heavily or very highly contaminated with Cr, Ni, and Hg. On the basis of the
I
PL
value, the soil samples are polluted with heavy metals. However, the mC
D
indicates moderate heavy-metal contamination of the soil samples.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1</doi></addata></record> |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Acidification Agricultural land Biogeosciences Cadmium Chromium Coal Coal-fired power plants Contamination Copper Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Electric power generation Environmental Science and Engineering Fluorescence Geochemistry Geology Heavy metals Hydrology/Water Resources Iron Lead Lignite Manganese Mercury Mercury (metal) Metal concentrations Metals Metals in soil Nickel Original Article pH effects Pollutant load Pollution Pollution index Pollution load Power plants Soil Soil contamination Soil pollution Soil surfaces Soils Spectrometry Terrestrial Pollution Thermal energy Thermal power Thermal power plants Thermoelectricity Tin Titanium X-ray fluorescence Zinc Zirconium |
| title | Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal-fired thermal power plant in Turkey |
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