Life cycle assessment of ethanol production in a rice-straw-based biorefinery in India
This work presents detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) of a novel process to produce ethanol from rice straw in India. The process has been successfully demonstrated and proposed to be scaled-up, and detailed LCA of that process is the key novel contribution of this work. Cradle-to-gate system boun...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clean technologies and environmental policy 2020-03, Vol.22 (2), p.409-422 |
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| creator | Sreekumar, Arun Shastri, Yogendra Wadekar, Prathamesh Patil, Mallikarjun Lali, Arvind |
| description | This work presents detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) of a novel process to produce ethanol from rice straw in India. The process has been successfully demonstrated and proposed to be scaled-up, and detailed LCA of that process is the key novel contribution of this work. Cradle-to-gate system boundary is considered, which includes rice farming, transportation, and processing at the biorefinery. 1 l of ethanol is used as the functional unit. The process data are based on the demonstration-scale plant as well as the scale-up plant of 100 kilo litres per day being designed based on the same process. The life cycle inventory data are taken from the Ecoinvent® database. OpenLCA 1.6 is used to develop the LCA model, and impact assessment is performed using ILCD 2011 midpoint indicators. The GWP was 2.82 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol using economic impact allocation. Electricity contributed 86% of the total impact, and use of hydroelectricity reduced the impact to 0.07 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol. If additional benefits due to this process are considered, the impact reduced to − 0.392 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol indicating considerable relative reduction in the GWP. Without allocation and implementing system expansion, the impact was 3.35 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol. The energy return on investment was 1.59, indicating that the process was net energy positive. The lower bound on the life cycle water use was 507.4 l per liter of ethanol. The integrated nature of the process producing various value-added chemicals provided significant benefits from the perspective of environmental impacts.
Graphic abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10098-019-01791-0 |
| format | Article |
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2
eq. per liter of ethanol using economic impact allocation. Electricity contributed 86% of the total impact, and use of hydroelectricity reduced the impact to 0.07 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol. If additional benefits due to this process are considered, the impact reduced to − 0.392 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol indicating considerable relative reduction in the GWP. Without allocation and implementing system expansion, the impact was 3.35 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol. The energy return on investment was 1.59, indicating that the process was net energy positive. The lower bound on the life cycle water use was 507.4 l per liter of ethanol. The integrated nature of the process producing various value-added chemicals provided significant benefits from the perspective of environmental impacts.
Graphic abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 1618-954X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1618-9558</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10098-019-01791-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Allocation ; Biorefineries ; Carbon dioxide ; Chemicals ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Economic impact ; Energy ; Environment ; Environmental Economics ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology ; Environmental impact ; Environmental policy ; Ethanol ; Hydroelectric power ; Hydroelectricity ; Impact analysis ; Industrial and Production Engineering ; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering ; Life cycle analysis ; Life cycle assessment ; Life cycles ; Lower bounds ; Measures ; Organic chemistry ; Original Paper ; Refining ; Return on investment ; Rice ; Rice straw ; Straw ; Sustainable Development ; Water use</subject><ispartof>Clean technologies and environmental policy, 2020-03, Vol.22 (2), p.409-422</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-3beba22dac7df5d90d09f974fe62f9137b9b5ea7e5ed29fa34b9d3447b754db93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-3beba22dac7df5d90d09f974fe62f9137b9b5ea7e5ed29fa34b9d3447b754db93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7498-2233</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10098-019-01791-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10098-019-01791-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27843,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sreekumar, Arun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shastri, Yogendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wadekar, Prathamesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patil, Mallikarjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lali, Arvind</creatorcontrib><title>Life cycle assessment of ethanol production in a rice-straw-based biorefinery in India</title><title>Clean technologies and environmental policy</title><addtitle>Clean Techn Environ Policy</addtitle><description>This work presents detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) of a novel process to produce ethanol from rice straw in India. The process has been successfully demonstrated and proposed to be scaled-up, and detailed LCA of that process is the key novel contribution of this work. Cradle-to-gate system boundary is considered, which includes rice farming, transportation, and processing at the biorefinery. 1 l of ethanol is used as the functional unit. The process data are based on the demonstration-scale plant as well as the scale-up plant of 100 kilo litres per day being designed based on the same process. The life cycle inventory data are taken from the Ecoinvent® database. OpenLCA 1.6 is used to develop the LCA model, and impact assessment is performed using ILCD 2011 midpoint indicators. The GWP was 2.82 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol using economic impact allocation. Electricity contributed 86% of the total impact, and use of hydroelectricity reduced the impact to 0.07 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol. If additional benefits due to this process are considered, the impact reduced to − 0.392 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol indicating considerable relative reduction in the GWP. Without allocation and implementing system expansion, the impact was 3.35 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol. The energy return on investment was 1.59, indicating that the process was net energy positive. The lower bound on the life cycle water use was 507.4 l per liter of ethanol. The integrated nature of the process producing various value-added chemicals provided significant benefits from the perspective of environmental impacts.
Graphic abstract</description><subject>Allocation</subject><subject>Biorefineries</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Chemicals</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Economic impact</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Economics</subject><subject>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental policy</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Hydroelectric power</subject><subject>Hydroelectricity</subject><subject>Impact analysis</subject><subject>Industrial and Production Engineering</subject><subject>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</subject><subject>Life cycle analysis</subject><subject>Life cycle assessment</subject><subject>Life cycles</subject><subject>Lower bounds</subject><subject>Measures</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Refining</subject><subject>Return on investment</subject><subject>Rice</subject><subject>Rice straw</subject><subject>Straw</subject><subject>Sustainable Development</subject><subject>Water use</subject><issn>1618-954X</issn><issn>1618-9558</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEtLAzEUhYMoWKt_wFXAdTSPSdMspagtFNyouAvJ5EZT2kxNpkj_vakjunNxH4vv3Hs4CF0yes0oVTeldj0llOlaSjNCj9CITdiUaCmnx79783qKzkpZUcq54nSEXpYxAG737RqwLQVK2UDqcRcw9O82dWu8zZ3ftX3sEo4JW5xjC6T02X4SZwt47GKXIcQEeX8gFslHe45Ogl0XuPiZY_R8f_c0m5Pl48NidrskrVCqJ8KBs5x72yofpNfUUx20agJMeNBMKKedBKtAguc6WNE47UXTKKdk450WY3Q13K0uP3ZQerPqdjnVl4aLieZSKsUqxQeqzV0p1azZ5rixeW8YNYf8zJCfqfmZ7_wMrSIxiEqF0xvkv9P_qL4AGc10NQ</recordid><startdate>20200301</startdate><enddate>20200301</enddate><creator>Sreekumar, Arun</creator><creator>Shastri, 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Policy</stitle><date>2020-03-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>409</spage><epage>422</epage><pages>409-422</pages><issn>1618-954X</issn><eissn>1618-9558</eissn><abstract>This work presents detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) of a novel process to produce ethanol from rice straw in India. The process has been successfully demonstrated and proposed to be scaled-up, and detailed LCA of that process is the key novel contribution of this work. Cradle-to-gate system boundary is considered, which includes rice farming, transportation, and processing at the biorefinery. 1 l of ethanol is used as the functional unit. The process data are based on the demonstration-scale plant as well as the scale-up plant of 100 kilo litres per day being designed based on the same process. The life cycle inventory data are taken from the Ecoinvent® database. OpenLCA 1.6 is used to develop the LCA model, and impact assessment is performed using ILCD 2011 midpoint indicators. The GWP was 2.82 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol using economic impact allocation. Electricity contributed 86% of the total impact, and use of hydroelectricity reduced the impact to 0.07 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol. If additional benefits due to this process are considered, the impact reduced to − 0.392 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol indicating considerable relative reduction in the GWP. Without allocation and implementing system expansion, the impact was 3.35 kg of CO
2
eq. per liter of ethanol. The energy return on investment was 1.59, indicating that the process was net energy positive. The lower bound on the life cycle water use was 507.4 l per liter of ethanol. The integrated nature of the process producing various value-added chemicals provided significant benefits from the perspective of environmental impacts.
Graphic abstract</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s10098-019-01791-0</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-2233</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Allocation Biorefineries Carbon dioxide Chemicals Earth and Environmental Science Economic impact Energy Environment Environmental Economics Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental impact Environmental policy Ethanol Hydroelectric power Hydroelectricity Impact analysis Industrial and Production Engineering Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Life cycle analysis Life cycle assessment Life cycles Lower bounds Measures Organic chemistry Original Paper Refining Return on investment Rice Rice straw Straw Sustainable Development Water use |
| title | Life cycle assessment of ethanol production in a rice-straw-based biorefinery in India |
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