The Formation of Humps and Ripples During Selective Laser Melting of 316l Stainless Steel
Humps and ripples are typical surface morphologies obtained in the selective laser melting processes and have an important influence on the surface quality of the fabricated parts. In this study, a three-dimensional powder-scale model is presented to investigate the molten behavior and the resulting...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | JOM (1989) 2020-03, Vol.72 (3), p.1128-1137 |
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| creator | Tang, Pingmei Wang, Sen Duan, Huamei Long, Mujun Li, Yandong Fan, Shuqian Chen, Dengfu |
| description | Humps and ripples are typical surface morphologies obtained in the selective laser melting processes and have an important influence on the surface quality of the fabricated parts. In this study, a three-dimensional powder-scale model is presented to investigate the molten behavior and the resulting hump and ripple formation processes. The results showed that a periodic separation of the molten pool and the associated solidification shrinkage of the molten liquid owing to the surface tension caused the periodic humps on the scan track at a low input energy density. Obtaining a continuous molten pool with an extended duration of the liquidus molten pool and a large flow intensity was conducive to alleviating the humps. Additionally, the molten pool had periodic oscillations due to the recoil pressure that occurred at high input energy densities. The periodic oscillation behavior was responsible for the periodic change of the flow direction of molten liquids at the rear of the molten pool, which caused the periodic formation of ripples during the printing process. Moreover, the surface morphology of the scan track and the dimensions of the molten pool were obtained experimentally. The results were in accordance with the calculated results, which verified the reliability of the model. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11837-019-03987-7 |
| format | Article |
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In this study, a three-dimensional powder-scale model is presented to investigate the molten behavior and the resulting hump and ripple formation processes. The results showed that a periodic separation of the molten pool and the associated solidification shrinkage of the molten liquid owing to the surface tension caused the periodic humps on the scan track at a low input energy density. Obtaining a continuous molten pool with an extended duration of the liquidus molten pool and a large flow intensity was conducive to alleviating the humps. Additionally, the molten pool had periodic oscillations due to the recoil pressure that occurred at high input energy densities. The periodic oscillation behavior was responsible for the periodic change of the flow direction of molten liquids at the rear of the molten pool, which caused the periodic formation of ripples during the printing process. Moreover, the surface morphology of the scan track and the dimensions of the molten pool were obtained experimentally. The results were in accordance with the calculated results, which verified the reliability of the model.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1047-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-1851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11837-019-03987-7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Additive Manufacturing: Validation and Control ; Austenitic stainless steels ; Chemistry/Food Science ; Earth Sciences ; Energy ; Engineering ; Environment ; Finite volume method ; Flow velocity ; Flux density ; Heat ; Laser beam melting ; Lasers ; Liquidus ; Manufacturing ; Morphology ; Physics ; Printing ; Quality control ; Radiation ; Rapid prototyping ; Recoil ; Ripples ; Scale models ; Solidification ; Stainless steel ; Surface properties ; Surface tension ; Three dimensional models</subject><ispartof>JOM (1989), 2020-03, Vol.72 (3), p.1128-1137</ispartof><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2020</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. 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In this study, a three-dimensional powder-scale model is presented to investigate the molten behavior and the resulting hump and ripple formation processes. The results showed that a periodic separation of the molten pool and the associated solidification shrinkage of the molten liquid owing to the surface tension caused the periodic humps on the scan track at a low input energy density. Obtaining a continuous molten pool with an extended duration of the liquidus molten pool and a large flow intensity was conducive to alleviating the humps. Additionally, the molten pool had periodic oscillations due to the recoil pressure that occurred at high input energy densities. The periodic oscillation behavior was responsible for the periodic change of the flow direction of molten liquids at the rear of the molten pool, which caused the periodic formation of ripples during the printing process. Moreover, the surface morphology of the scan track and the dimensions of the molten pool were obtained experimentally. The results were in accordance with the calculated results, which verified the reliability of the model.</description><subject>Additive Manufacturing: Validation and Control</subject><subject>Austenitic stainless steels</subject><subject>Chemistry/Food Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Finite volume method</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Flux density</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Laser beam melting</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Liquidus</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Printing</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Rapid prototyping</subject><subject>Recoil</subject><subject>Ripples</subject><subject>Scale models</subject><subject>Solidification</subject><subject>Stainless steel</subject><subject>Surface properties</subject><subject>Surface tension</subject><subject>Three dimensional models</subject><issn>1047-4838</issn><issn>1543-1851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMouK7-AU8Bz9FM03z0KOvHCiuCux48hWw71S7dtiat4L83tYI35zLD8D4z8BByDvwSONdXAcAIzThkjIvMaKYPyAxkKhgYCYdx5qlmqRHmmJyEsOMRSjOYkdfNO9K71u9dX7UNbUu6HPZdoK4p6HPVdTUGejP4qnmja6wx76tPpCsX0NNHrPtxHxkBqqbr3lVNzIc4Idan5Kh0dcCz3z4nL3e3m8WSrZ7uHxbXK5YLk_RMpko6ITGHwrgtSpROa-FQQKJkIre6gBxkxrkyqSpKxNRobUqOyil0IMWcXEx3O99-DBh6u2sH38SXNhEqVnwzppIplfs2BI-l7Xy1d_7LArejQjsptFGh_VFodYTEBIVuNID-7_Q_1DctknLU</recordid><startdate>20200301</startdate><enddate>20200301</enddate><creator>Tang, Pingmei</creator><creator>Wang, Sen</creator><creator>Duan, Huamei</creator><creator>Long, Mujun</creator><creator>Li, Yandong</creator><creator>Fan, Shuqian</creator><creator>Chen, Dengfu</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>883</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0F</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-6841</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200301</creationdate><title>The Formation of Humps and Ripples During Selective Laser Melting of 316l Stainless Steel</title><author>Tang, Pingmei ; Wang, Sen ; Duan, Huamei ; Long, Mujun ; Li, Yandong ; Fan, Shuqian ; Chen, Dengfu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-5465a35ec1d8abe5e5a773ae3126525b7d1c159006846dfee48778f0e6a6ea153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Additive Manufacturing: Validation and Control</topic><topic>Austenitic stainless steels</topic><topic>Chemistry/Food Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Finite volume method</topic><topic>Flow velocity</topic><topic>Flux density</topic><topic>Heat</topic><topic>Laser beam melting</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Liquidus</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Printing</topic><topic>Quality control</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Rapid prototyping</topic><topic>Recoil</topic><topic>Ripples</topic><topic>Scale models</topic><topic>Solidification</topic><topic>Stainless steel</topic><topic>Surface properties</topic><topic>Surface tension</topic><topic>Three dimensional models</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tang, Pingmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Sen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Huamei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Long, Mujun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yandong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Shuqian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Dengfu</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>One Business (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><jtitle>JOM (1989)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tang, Pingmei</au><au>Wang, Sen</au><au>Duan, Huamei</au><au>Long, Mujun</au><au>Li, Yandong</au><au>Fan, Shuqian</au><au>Chen, Dengfu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Formation of Humps and Ripples During Selective Laser Melting of 316l Stainless Steel</atitle><jtitle>JOM (1989)</jtitle><stitle>JOM</stitle><date>2020-03-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1128</spage><epage>1137</epage><pages>1128-1137</pages><issn>1047-4838</issn><eissn>1543-1851</eissn><abstract>Humps and ripples are typical surface morphologies obtained in the selective laser melting processes and have an important influence on the surface quality of the fabricated parts. In this study, a three-dimensional powder-scale model is presented to investigate the molten behavior and the resulting hump and ripple formation processes. The results showed that a periodic separation of the molten pool and the associated solidification shrinkage of the molten liquid owing to the surface tension caused the periodic humps on the scan track at a low input energy density. Obtaining a continuous molten pool with an extended duration of the liquidus molten pool and a large flow intensity was conducive to alleviating the humps. Additionally, the molten pool had periodic oscillations due to the recoil pressure that occurred at high input energy densities. The periodic oscillation behavior was responsible for the periodic change of the flow direction of molten liquids at the rear of the molten pool, which caused the periodic formation of ripples during the printing process. Moreover, the surface morphology of the scan track and the dimensions of the molten pool were obtained experimentally. The results were in accordance with the calculated results, which verified the reliability of the model.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11837-019-03987-7</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-6841</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Additive Manufacturing: Validation and Control Austenitic stainless steels Chemistry/Food Science Earth Sciences Energy Engineering Environment Finite volume method Flow velocity Flux density Heat Laser beam melting Lasers Liquidus Manufacturing Morphology Physics Printing Quality control Radiation Rapid prototyping Recoil Ripples Scale models Solidification Stainless steel Surface properties Surface tension Three dimensional models |
| title | The Formation of Humps and Ripples During Selective Laser Melting of 316l Stainless Steel |
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