Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species
Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later socia...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental science 2020-03, Vol.23 (2), p.e12902-n/a |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | n/a |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | e12902 |
| container_title | Developmental science |
| container_volume | 23 |
| creator | Simpson, Elizabeth A. Maylott, Sarah E. Mitsven, Samantha G. Zeng, Guangyu Jakobsen, Krisztina V. |
| description | Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.
Already at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, infants detect faces with eye contact more readily than faces looking away, particularly in human faces. However, human faces with both the eyes and heads averted away received the most attention. This finding may reflect the early emergence of gaze following, which begins to develop around this age. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/desc.12902 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2355760105</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2355760105</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3242-a15e458e370d2b05594a0982e5f06e1d51074afc4804688ee05ebca8b1e4ae7a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMFKw0AQhhdRbK1efABZ8Cakzm52s8lRaqtCwYMKXiRsdieakiY1myD15CP4jD6JW1M9Opd_YD6-gZ-QYwZj5ufcojNjxhPgO2TIRKQCFcVq1-9hFAZKyscBOXBuAQAiBLZPBiGTIEElQ_I00wapxRZNW9QVLSrKvz4-aVvTyOeyrtoXn3Vp_SnXVeto4TZr2WFl0NJsTZ_1u1cUzVahK0vdCk2B7pDs5bp0eLTNEXmYTe8n18H89upmcjEPTMgFDzSTKGSMoQLLM5AyERqSmKPMIUJmJQMldG5EDCKKY0SQmBkdZwyFRqXDETntvaumfu3Qtemi7prKv0x5KKWKgIH01FlPmaZ2rsE8XTXFUjfrlEG6aTLdNJn-NOnhk62yy5Zo_9Df6jzAeuCtKHH9jyq9nN5Neuk3doF_uw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2355760105</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Journals</source><creator>Simpson, Elizabeth A. ; Maylott, Sarah E. ; Mitsven, Samantha G. ; Zeng, Guangyu ; Jakobsen, Krisztina V.</creator><creatorcontrib>Simpson, Elizabeth A. ; Maylott, Sarah E. ; Mitsven, Samantha G. ; Zeng, Guangyu ; Jakobsen, Krisztina V.</creatorcontrib><description>Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.
Already at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, infants detect faces with eye contact more readily than faces looking away, particularly in human faces. However, human faces with both the eyes and heads averted away received the most attention. This finding may reflect the early emergence of gaze following, which begins to develop around this age.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1363-755X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1467-7687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/desc.12902</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31505079</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Attention - physiology ; attention capture ; attention holding ; Communication ; Environmental effects ; Eye ; Eye contact ; Face ; Facial Recognition - physiology ; Female ; Fixation, Ocular ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Infants ; Male ; mutual gaze ; Orientation behavior ; own‐species bias ; social behavior ; visual attention</subject><ispartof>Developmental science, 2020-03, Vol.23 (2), p.e12902-n/a</ispartof><rights>2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3242-a15e458e370d2b05594a0982e5f06e1d51074afc4804688ee05ebca8b1e4ae7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3242-a15e458e370d2b05594a0982e5f06e1d51074afc4804688ee05ebca8b1e4ae7a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2715-2533</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fdesc.12902$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fdesc.12902$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31505079$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Simpson, Elizabeth A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maylott, Sarah E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitsven, Samantha G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Guangyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jakobsen, Krisztina V.</creatorcontrib><title>Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species</title><title>Developmental science</title><addtitle>Dev Sci</addtitle><description>Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.
Already at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, infants detect faces with eye contact more readily than faces looking away, particularly in human faces. However, human faces with both the eyes and heads averted away received the most attention. This finding may reflect the early emergence of gaze following, which begins to develop around this age.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Attention - physiology</subject><subject>attention capture</subject><subject>attention holding</subject><subject>Communication</subject><subject>Environmental effects</subject><subject>Eye</subject><subject>Eye contact</subject><subject>Face</subject><subject>Facial Recognition - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fixation, Ocular</subject><subject>Head</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>mutual gaze</subject><subject>Orientation behavior</subject><subject>own‐species bias</subject><subject>social behavior</subject><subject>visual attention</subject><issn>1363-755X</issn><issn>1467-7687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMFKw0AQhhdRbK1efABZ8Cakzm52s8lRaqtCwYMKXiRsdieakiY1myD15CP4jD6JW1M9Opd_YD6-gZ-QYwZj5ufcojNjxhPgO2TIRKQCFcVq1-9hFAZKyscBOXBuAQAiBLZPBiGTIEElQ_I00wapxRZNW9QVLSrKvz4-aVvTyOeyrtoXn3Vp_SnXVeto4TZr2WFl0NJsTZ_1u1cUzVahK0vdCk2B7pDs5bp0eLTNEXmYTe8n18H89upmcjEPTMgFDzSTKGSMoQLLM5AyERqSmKPMIUJmJQMldG5EDCKKY0SQmBkdZwyFRqXDETntvaumfu3Qtemi7prKv0x5KKWKgIH01FlPmaZ2rsE8XTXFUjfrlEG6aTLdNJn-NOnhk62yy5Zo_9Df6jzAeuCtKHH9jyq9nN5Neuk3doF_uw</recordid><startdate>202003</startdate><enddate>202003</enddate><creator>Simpson, Elizabeth A.</creator><creator>Maylott, Sarah E.</creator><creator>Mitsven, Samantha G.</creator><creator>Zeng, Guangyu</creator><creator>Jakobsen, Krisztina V.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-2533</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202003</creationdate><title>Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species</title><author>Simpson, Elizabeth A. ; Maylott, Sarah E. ; Mitsven, Samantha G. ; Zeng, Guangyu ; Jakobsen, Krisztina V.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3242-a15e458e370d2b05594a0982e5f06e1d51074afc4804688ee05ebca8b1e4ae7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Attention - physiology</topic><topic>attention capture</topic><topic>attention holding</topic><topic>Communication</topic><topic>Environmental effects</topic><topic>Eye</topic><topic>Eye contact</topic><topic>Face</topic><topic>Facial Recognition - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fixation, Ocular</topic><topic>Head</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>mutual gaze</topic><topic>Orientation behavior</topic><topic>own‐species bias</topic><topic>social behavior</topic><topic>visual attention</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Simpson, Elizabeth A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maylott, Sarah E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitsven, Samantha G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Guangyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jakobsen, Krisztina V.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Developmental science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Simpson, Elizabeth A.</au><au>Maylott, Sarah E.</au><au>Mitsven, Samantha G.</au><au>Zeng, Guangyu</au><au>Jakobsen, Krisztina V.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species</atitle><jtitle>Developmental science</jtitle><addtitle>Dev Sci</addtitle><date>2020-03</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e12902</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e12902-n/a</pages><issn>1363-755X</issn><eissn>1467-7687</eissn><abstract>Humans detect faces efficiently from a young age. Face detection is critical for infants to identify and learn from relevant social stimuli in their environments. Faces with eye contact are an especially salient stimulus, and attention to the eyes in infancy is linked to the emergence of later sociality. Despite the importance of both of these early social skills—attending to faces and attending to the eyes—surprisingly little is known about how they interact. We used eye tracking to explore whether eye contact influences infants' face detection. Longitudinally, we examined 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐month‐olds' (N = 65) visual scanning of complex image arrays with human and animal faces varying in eye contact and head orientation. Across all ages, infants displayed superior detection of faces with eye contact; however, this effect varied as a function of species and head orientation. Infants were more attentive to human than animal faces and were more sensitive to eye and head orientation for human faces compared to animal faces. Unexpectedly, human faces with both averted heads and eyes received the most attention. This pattern may reflect the early emergence of gaze following—the ability to look where another individual looks—which begins to develop around this age. Infants may be especially interested in averted gaze faces, providing early scaffolding for joint attention. This study represents the first investigation to document infants' attention patterns to faces systematically varying in their attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that infants develop early, specialized functional conspecific face detection.
Already at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, infants detect faces with eye contact more readily than faces looking away, particularly in human faces. However, human faces with both the eyes and heads averted away received the most attention. This finding may reflect the early emergence of gaze following, which begins to develop around this age.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>31505079</pmid><doi>10.1111/desc.12902</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-2533</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1363-755X |
| ispartof | Developmental science, 2020-03, Vol.23 (2), p.e12902-n/a |
| issn | 1363-755X 1467-7687 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2355760105 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Journals |
| subjects | Animals Attention - physiology attention capture attention holding Communication Environmental effects Eye Eye contact Face Facial Recognition - physiology Female Fixation, Ocular Head Humans Infant Infants Male mutual gaze Orientation behavior own‐species bias social behavior visual attention |
| title | Face detection in 2‐ to 6‐month‐old infants is influenced by gaze direction and species |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T09%3A22%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Face%20detection%20in%202%E2%80%90%20to%206%E2%80%90month%E2%80%90old%20infants%20is%20influenced%20by%20gaze%20direction%20and%20species&rft.jtitle=Developmental%20science&rft.au=Simpson,%20Elizabeth%20A.&rft.date=2020-03&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e12902&rft.epage=n/a&rft.pages=e12902-n/a&rft.issn=1363-755X&rft.eissn=1467-7687&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/desc.12902&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2355760105%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2355760105&rft_id=info:pmid/31505079&rfr_iscdi=true |