Measurable sediment discharge from a karst underground river in southwestern China: temporal variabilities and controlling factors
Severe soil erosion is a critical issue in karst areas. Due to a lack of surface streams, soils often discharge from karst catchments via groundwater. Quantifying sediment discharge (SD) from karst groundwater will help managers to develop effective methods of soil conservation. The time series of t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2020-02, Vol.79 (4), Article 90 |
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| creator | Li, Jianhong Pu, Junbing Zhang, Tao Xiong, Xiaofeng Wang, Sainan Huo, Weijie Yuan, Daoxian |
| description | Severe soil erosion is a critical issue in karst areas. Due to a lack of surface streams, soils often discharge from karst catchments via groundwater. Quantifying sediment discharge (SD) from karst groundwater will help managers to develop effective methods of soil conservation. The time series of the monthly SD and controlling factors (water discharge, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and normalized difference vegetation index) of the Nandong Underground River System (NURS), a typical karst underground river catchment in southwest China, from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed. To investigate the changing seasonal characteristics of monthly sediment discharge and controlling factors and predict the variations in monthly sediment discharge, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), seasonal Mann–Kendall test, and seasonal decomposition of time series by loess (STL) were conducted to identify changes in the seasonal characteristics of the SD and the controlling factors on a monthly scale. The results of these analyses indicated that the SD and its controlling factors varied considerably from month to month and the annual soil loss mainly occurred from June to September. The SD gradually decreased during April and May due to the decreasing of precipitation in March and April during the 1998–2015 period. The decrease of rainfall not only reduces the intensity of soil erosion on the surface, but also reduces the flow and velocity of underground rivers, reducing the transport capacity of suspended matter. Our study showed that the bivariate state-space model had the lowest Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) score (− 7.594 and − 7.686) and root mean square error (RMSE) (0.022 × 10
6
m
3
and 0.020 × 10
6
m
3
) values and the highest
R
2
values (0.983 and 0.984) for the calibration and validation periods, and was the best state-space model to describe the temporal distribution of the monthly sediment discharge in the NURS. A method that allows for the correct estimation and evaluation of soil erosion and the determination of the regional soil and water conservation can be useful for better karst catchment management in the NURS. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-020-8826-7 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2354609315</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2354609315</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-263b3561cbba62d7a22a38df9f4f26d35fa095020881e163a1969b07510f81ac3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kEtPwzAQhCMEEqj0B3CzxDngR-PE3FDFSwJxgbO1SezWJbXL2iniyi_HVRGc2MvsYWZ29RXFGaMXjNL6MjIuZVVSTsum4bKsD4oT1khZSq7U4e_e0ONiGuOK5hFMKCpPiq8nA3FEaAdDound2vhEehe7JeDCEIthTYC8AcZERt8bXGDIStBtDRLnSQxjWn6YmAx6Ml86D1ckmfUmIAxkC-igdYNLzkQCOdcFnzAMg_MLYqFLAeNpcWRhiGb6o5Pi9fbmZX5fPj7fPcyvH0sQQqWSS9GKSrKubUHyvgbOQTS9VXZmuexFZYGqKjNoGmaYFMCUVC2tK0Ztw6ATk-J837vB8D7mj_UqjOjzSc1FNZNUCVZlF9u7OgwxorF6g24N-KkZ1Tvaek9b50t6R1vXOcP3mZi9fmHwr_n_0DdRhYRo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2354609315</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Measurable sediment discharge from a karst underground river in southwestern China: temporal variabilities and controlling factors</title><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Li, Jianhong ; Pu, Junbing ; Zhang, Tao ; Xiong, Xiaofeng ; Wang, Sainan ; Huo, Weijie ; Yuan, Daoxian</creator><creatorcontrib>Li, Jianhong ; Pu, Junbing ; Zhang, Tao ; Xiong, Xiaofeng ; Wang, Sainan ; Huo, Weijie ; Yuan, Daoxian</creatorcontrib><description>Severe soil erosion is a critical issue in karst areas. Due to a lack of surface streams, soils often discharge from karst catchments via groundwater. Quantifying sediment discharge (SD) from karst groundwater will help managers to develop effective methods of soil conservation. The time series of the monthly SD and controlling factors (water discharge, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and normalized difference vegetation index) of the Nandong Underground River System (NURS), a typical karst underground river catchment in southwest China, from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed. To investigate the changing seasonal characteristics of monthly sediment discharge and controlling factors and predict the variations in monthly sediment discharge, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), seasonal Mann–Kendall test, and seasonal decomposition of time series by loess (STL) were conducted to identify changes in the seasonal characteristics of the SD and the controlling factors on a monthly scale. The results of these analyses indicated that the SD and its controlling factors varied considerably from month to month and the annual soil loss mainly occurred from June to September. The SD gradually decreased during April and May due to the decreasing of precipitation in March and April during the 1998–2015 period. The decrease of rainfall not only reduces the intensity of soil erosion on the surface, but also reduces the flow and velocity of underground rivers, reducing the transport capacity of suspended matter. Our study showed that the bivariate state-space model had the lowest Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) score (− 7.594 and − 7.686) and root mean square error (RMSE) (0.022 × 10
6
m
3
and 0.020 × 10
6
m
3
) values and the highest
R
2
values (0.983 and 0.984) for the calibration and validation periods, and was the best state-space model to describe the temporal distribution of the monthly sediment discharge in the NURS. A method that allows for the correct estimation and evaluation of soil erosion and the determination of the regional soil and water conservation can be useful for better karst catchment management in the NURS.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-020-8826-7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Atmospheric precipitations ; Biogeosciences ; Bivariate analysis ; Catchment area ; Catchments ; Characterization ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Evapotranspiration ; Fluvial sediments ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Groundwater ; Groundwater discharge ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Karst ; Loess ; Modeling ; Normalized difference vegetative index ; Potential evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Remediation of Karst in a Changing Environment ; River catchments ; Rivers ; Root-mean-square errors ; Sediment ; Sediment discharge ; Sediments ; Soil conservation ; Soil erosion ; Soil loss ; Soil water ; State space models ; Streams ; Suspended matter ; Temporal distribution ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Thematic Issue ; Time series ; Variance analysis ; Vegetation index ; Water conservation ; Water discharge</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2020-02, Vol.79 (4), Article 90</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Environmental Earth Sciences is a copyright of Springer, (2020). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-263b3561cbba62d7a22a38df9f4f26d35fa095020881e163a1969b07510f81ac3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-263b3561cbba62d7a22a38df9f4f26d35fa095020881e163a1969b07510f81ac3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0418-4719</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-020-8826-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-020-8826-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Jianhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pu, Junbing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Xiaofeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Sainan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huo, Weijie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Daoxian</creatorcontrib><title>Measurable sediment discharge from a karst underground river in southwestern China: temporal variabilities and controlling factors</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>Severe soil erosion is a critical issue in karst areas. Due to a lack of surface streams, soils often discharge from karst catchments via groundwater. Quantifying sediment discharge (SD) from karst groundwater will help managers to develop effective methods of soil conservation. The time series of the monthly SD and controlling factors (water discharge, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and normalized difference vegetation index) of the Nandong Underground River System (NURS), a typical karst underground river catchment in southwest China, from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed. To investigate the changing seasonal characteristics of monthly sediment discharge and controlling factors and predict the variations in monthly sediment discharge, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), seasonal Mann–Kendall test, and seasonal decomposition of time series by loess (STL) were conducted to identify changes in the seasonal characteristics of the SD and the controlling factors on a monthly scale. The results of these analyses indicated that the SD and its controlling factors varied considerably from month to month and the annual soil loss mainly occurred from June to September. The SD gradually decreased during April and May due to the decreasing of precipitation in March and April during the 1998–2015 period. The decrease of rainfall not only reduces the intensity of soil erosion on the surface, but also reduces the flow and velocity of underground rivers, reducing the transport capacity of suspended matter. Our study showed that the bivariate state-space model had the lowest Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) score (− 7.594 and − 7.686) and root mean square error (RMSE) (0.022 × 10
6
m
3
and 0.020 × 10
6
m
3
) values and the highest
R
2
values (0.983 and 0.984) for the calibration and validation periods, and was the best state-space model to describe the temporal distribution of the monthly sediment discharge in the NURS. A method that allows for the correct estimation and evaluation of soil erosion and the determination of the regional soil and water conservation can be useful for better karst catchment management in the NURS.</description><subject>Atmospheric precipitations</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Bivariate analysis</subject><subject>Catchment area</subject><subject>Catchments</subject><subject>Characterization</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Fluvial sediments</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater discharge</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Karst</subject><subject>Loess</subject><subject>Modeling</subject><subject>Normalized difference vegetative index</subject><subject>Potential evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Remediation of Karst in a Changing Environment</subject><subject>River catchments</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Root-mean-square errors</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>Sediment discharge</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Soil conservation</subject><subject>Soil erosion</subject><subject>Soil loss</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>State space models</subject><subject>Streams</subject><subject>Suspended matter</subject><subject>Temporal distribution</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Thematic Issue</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Vegetation index</subject><subject>Water conservation</subject><subject>Water discharge</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtPwzAQhCMEEqj0B3CzxDngR-PE3FDFSwJxgbO1SezWJbXL2iniyi_HVRGc2MvsYWZ29RXFGaMXjNL6MjIuZVVSTsum4bKsD4oT1khZSq7U4e_e0ONiGuOK5hFMKCpPiq8nA3FEaAdDound2vhEehe7JeDCEIthTYC8AcZERt8bXGDIStBtDRLnSQxjWn6YmAx6Ml86D1ckmfUmIAxkC-igdYNLzkQCOdcFnzAMg_MLYqFLAeNpcWRhiGb6o5Pi9fbmZX5fPj7fPcyvH0sQQqWSS9GKSrKubUHyvgbOQTS9VXZmuexFZYGqKjNoGmaYFMCUVC2tK0Ztw6ATk-J837vB8D7mj_UqjOjzSc1FNZNUCVZlF9u7OgwxorF6g24N-KkZ1Tvaek9b50t6R1vXOcP3mZi9fmHwr_n_0DdRhYRo</recordid><startdate>20200201</startdate><enddate>20200201</enddate><creator>Li, Jianhong</creator><creator>Pu, Junbing</creator><creator>Zhang, Tao</creator><creator>Xiong, Xiaofeng</creator><creator>Wang, Sainan</creator><creator>Huo, Weijie</creator><creator>Yuan, Daoxian</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-4719</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200201</creationdate><title>Measurable sediment discharge from a karst underground river in southwestern China: temporal variabilities and controlling factors</title><author>Li, Jianhong ; Pu, Junbing ; Zhang, Tao ; Xiong, Xiaofeng ; Wang, Sainan ; Huo, Weijie ; Yuan, Daoxian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-263b3561cbba62d7a22a38df9f4f26d35fa095020881e163a1969b07510f81ac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric precipitations</topic><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Bivariate analysis</topic><topic>Catchment area</topic><topic>Catchments</topic><topic>Characterization</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Evapotranspiration</topic><topic>Fluvial sediments</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater discharge</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Karst</topic><topic>Loess</topic><topic>Modeling</topic><topic>Normalized difference vegetative index</topic><topic>Potential evapotranspiration</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Remediation of Karst in a Changing Environment</topic><topic>River catchments</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Root-mean-square errors</topic><topic>Sediment</topic><topic>Sediment discharge</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Soil conservation</topic><topic>Soil erosion</topic><topic>Soil loss</topic><topic>Soil water</topic><topic>State space models</topic><topic>Streams</topic><topic>Suspended matter</topic><topic>Temporal distribution</topic><topic>Terrestrial Pollution</topic><topic>Thematic Issue</topic><topic>Time series</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><topic>Vegetation index</topic><topic>Water conservation</topic><topic>Water discharge</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Jianhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pu, Junbing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Jianhong</au><au>Pu, Junbing</au><au>Zhang, Tao</au><au>Xiong, Xiaofeng</au><au>Wang, Sainan</au><au>Huo, Weijie</au><au>Yuan, Daoxian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Measurable sediment discharge from a karst underground river in southwestern China: temporal variabilities and controlling factors</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2020-02-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>79</volume><issue>4</issue><artnum>90</artnum><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>Severe soil erosion is a critical issue in karst areas. Due to a lack of surface streams, soils often discharge from karst catchments via groundwater. Quantifying sediment discharge (SD) from karst groundwater will help managers to develop effective methods of soil conservation. The time series of the monthly SD and controlling factors (water discharge, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and normalized difference vegetation index) of the Nandong Underground River System (NURS), a typical karst underground river catchment in southwest China, from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed. To investigate the changing seasonal characteristics of monthly sediment discharge and controlling factors and predict the variations in monthly sediment discharge, an analysis of variance (ANOVA), seasonal Mann–Kendall test, and seasonal decomposition of time series by loess (STL) were conducted to identify changes in the seasonal characteristics of the SD and the controlling factors on a monthly scale. The results of these analyses indicated that the SD and its controlling factors varied considerably from month to month and the annual soil loss mainly occurred from June to September. The SD gradually decreased during April and May due to the decreasing of precipitation in March and April during the 1998–2015 period. The decrease of rainfall not only reduces the intensity of soil erosion on the surface, but also reduces the flow and velocity of underground rivers, reducing the transport capacity of suspended matter. Our study showed that the bivariate state-space model had the lowest Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) score (− 7.594 and − 7.686) and root mean square error (RMSE) (0.022 × 10
6
m
3
and 0.020 × 10
6
m
3
) values and the highest
R
2
values (0.983 and 0.984) for the calibration and validation periods, and was the best state-space model to describe the temporal distribution of the monthly sediment discharge in the NURS. A method that allows for the correct estimation and evaluation of soil erosion and the determination of the regional soil and water conservation can be useful for better karst catchment management in the NURS.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-020-8826-7</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-4719</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental earth sciences, 2020-02, Vol.79 (4), Article 90 |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Atmospheric precipitations Biogeosciences Bivariate analysis Catchment area Catchments Characterization Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental Science and Engineering Evapotranspiration Fluvial sediments Geochemistry Geology Groundwater Groundwater discharge Hydrology/Water Resources Karst Loess Modeling Normalized difference vegetative index Potential evapotranspiration Precipitation Rain Rainfall Remediation of Karst in a Changing Environment River catchments Rivers Root-mean-square errors Sediment Sediment discharge Sediments Soil conservation Soil erosion Soil loss Soil water State space models Streams Suspended matter Temporal distribution Terrestrial Pollution Thematic Issue Time series Variance analysis Vegetation index Water conservation Water discharge |
| title | Measurable sediment discharge from a karst underground river in southwestern China: temporal variabilities and controlling factors |
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