Four‐Dimensional Quantification of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instabilities in the Polar Summer Mesosphere Using Volumetric Radar Imaging
We present and characterize in time and three spatial dimensions a Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability (KHI) event from polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) observed with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System. We use a newly developed radar imaging mode, which observed PMSE intensity and line of sigh...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical research letters 2020-01, Vol.47 (1), p.n/a |
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| creator | Chau, J. L. Urco, J. M. Avsarkisov, V. Vierinen, J. P. Latteck, R. Hall, C. M. Tsutsumi, M. |
| description | We present and characterize in time and three spatial dimensions a Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability (KHI) event from polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) observed with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System. We use a newly developed radar imaging mode, which observed PMSE intensity and line of sight velocity with high temporal and angular resolution. The identified KHI event occurs in a narrow layer of 2.4 km thickness centered at 85 km altitude, is elongated along north‐south direction, presents separation between billows of
∼8 km in the east‐west direction, and its billow width is
∼3 km. The accompanying vertical gradients of the horizontal wind are between 35 and 45 m/s/km and vertical velocities inside the billows are
±12 m/s. Based on the estimated Richardson ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2019GL086081 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2352592721</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2352592721</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3442-4ea910c737a1de5d175caf829f21a7752e0c8b75d0ec8004401a6f8a9690e9393</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp90M1OwzAMB_AIgcQY3HiASFwZOGm7NEc02IcYAgbjWmWdu2VKm5G0oHFC4gV4Rp6EoHHgxMmW_ZOlvwk5ZnDGgMtzDkwOxpB2IWU7pMVkHHdSALFLWgAy9Fx098mB9ysAiCBiLfLRt437ev-81CVWXttKGXrfqKrWhc5VHQbUFvQazYuuAhuiKZfW1G90VPlazbTRtUZPdUXrJdI7a5SjD01ZoqM36K1fL9EhnXpdLeiTNU2JtdM5nah5gKNSLcLikOwVyng8-q1tMu1fPfaGnfHtYNS7GHfyKI55J0YlGeQiEorNMZkzkeSqSLksOFNCJBwhT2cimQPmIXUcA1PdIlWyKwFlJKM2OdneXTv73KCvs1UIHxL7jEcJTyQXnAV1ulW5s947LLK106Vym4xB9vPm7O-bA-db_qoNbv612WAyTqSUPPoG5NqBfg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2352592721</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Four‐Dimensional Quantification of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instabilities in the Polar Summer Mesosphere Using Volumetric Radar Imaging</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</source><creator>Chau, J. L. ; Urco, J. M. ; Avsarkisov, V. ; Vierinen, J. P. ; Latteck, R. ; Hall, C. M. ; Tsutsumi, M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Chau, J. L. ; Urco, J. M. ; Avsarkisov, V. ; Vierinen, J. P. ; Latteck, R. ; Hall, C. M. ; Tsutsumi, M.</creatorcontrib><description>We present and characterize in time and three spatial dimensions a Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability (KHI) event from polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) observed with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System. We use a newly developed radar imaging mode, which observed PMSE intensity and line of sight velocity with high temporal and angular resolution. The identified KHI event occurs in a narrow layer of 2.4 km thickness centered at 85 km altitude, is elongated along north‐south direction, presents separation between billows of
∼8 km in the east‐west direction, and its billow width is
∼3 km. The accompanying vertical gradients of the horizontal wind are between 35 and 45 m/s/km and vertical velocities inside the billows are
±12 m/s. Based on the estimated Richardson (
<0.25), horizontal Froude (
∼0.8), and buoyancy Reynolds (
∼2.5
× 10
4 ) numbers, the observed event is a KHI that occurs under weak stratification and generates strong turbulence.
Key Points
Four‐dimensional quantification of a clearly resolved Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability event is observed with volumetric radar imaging
The Richardson number is estimated to be much less than 0.25, using independent measurements
The Froude number is estimated to be close to 1 (weak stratification) and a high buoyancy Reynolds number
∼25,000 is estimated</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2019GL086081</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Angular resolution ; Angular velocity ; Billows ; Dimensions ; Direction ; Echoes ; four‐dimensional radar imaging ; Imaging techniques ; Kelvin-helmholtz instability ; Mesosphere ; Middle atmosphere ; PMSE ; Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE) ; Radar ; Radar equipment ; Radar imaging ; Stratification ; Summer ; Turbulence ; Vertical velocities ; weakly stratified turbulence</subject><ispartof>Geophysical research letters, 2020-01, Vol.47 (1), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2019. The Authors.</rights><rights>2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3442-4ea910c737a1de5d175caf829f21a7752e0c8b75d0ec8004401a6f8a9690e9393</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3442-4ea910c737a1de5d175caf829f21a7752e0c8b75d0ec8004401a6f8a9690e9393</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7308-5859 ; 0000-0001-7651-708X ; 0000-0001-5747-2525 ; 0000-0002-8894-3294 ; 0000-0002-2364-8892 ; 0000-0002-0001-7473</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2019GL086081$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2019GL086081$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,11514,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46468,46833,46892</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chau, J. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Urco, J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avsarkisov, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vierinen, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latteck, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, C. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsutsumi, M.</creatorcontrib><title>Four‐Dimensional Quantification of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instabilities in the Polar Summer Mesosphere Using Volumetric Radar Imaging</title><title>Geophysical research letters</title><description>We present and characterize in time and three spatial dimensions a Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability (KHI) event from polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) observed with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System. We use a newly developed radar imaging mode, which observed PMSE intensity and line of sight velocity with high temporal and angular resolution. The identified KHI event occurs in a narrow layer of 2.4 km thickness centered at 85 km altitude, is elongated along north‐south direction, presents separation between billows of
∼8 km in the east‐west direction, and its billow width is
∼3 km. The accompanying vertical gradients of the horizontal wind are between 35 and 45 m/s/km and vertical velocities inside the billows are
±12 m/s. Based on the estimated Richardson (
<0.25), horizontal Froude (
∼0.8), and buoyancy Reynolds (
∼2.5
× 10
4 ) numbers, the observed event is a KHI that occurs under weak stratification and generates strong turbulence.
Key Points
Four‐dimensional quantification of a clearly resolved Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability event is observed with volumetric radar imaging
The Richardson number is estimated to be much less than 0.25, using independent measurements
The Froude number is estimated to be close to 1 (weak stratification) and a high buoyancy Reynolds number
∼25,000 is estimated</description><subject>Angular resolution</subject><subject>Angular velocity</subject><subject>Billows</subject><subject>Dimensions</subject><subject>Direction</subject><subject>Echoes</subject><subject>four‐dimensional radar imaging</subject><subject>Imaging techniques</subject><subject>Kelvin-helmholtz instability</subject><subject>Mesosphere</subject><subject>Middle atmosphere</subject><subject>PMSE</subject><subject>Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE)</subject><subject>Radar</subject><subject>Radar equipment</subject><subject>Radar imaging</subject><subject>Stratification</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Turbulence</subject><subject>Vertical velocities</subject><subject>weakly stratified turbulence</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNp90M1OwzAMB_AIgcQY3HiASFwZOGm7NEc02IcYAgbjWmWdu2VKm5G0oHFC4gV4Rp6EoHHgxMmW_ZOlvwk5ZnDGgMtzDkwOxpB2IWU7pMVkHHdSALFLWgAy9Fx098mB9ysAiCBiLfLRt437ev-81CVWXttKGXrfqKrWhc5VHQbUFvQazYuuAhuiKZfW1G90VPlazbTRtUZPdUXrJdI7a5SjD01ZoqM36K1fL9EhnXpdLeiTNU2JtdM5nah5gKNSLcLikOwVyng8-q1tMu1fPfaGnfHtYNS7GHfyKI55J0YlGeQiEorNMZkzkeSqSLksOFNCJBwhT2cimQPmIXUcA1PdIlWyKwFlJKM2OdneXTv73KCvs1UIHxL7jEcJTyQXnAV1ulW5s947LLK106Vym4xB9vPm7O-bA-db_qoNbv612WAyTqSUPPoG5NqBfg</recordid><startdate>202001</startdate><enddate>202001</enddate><creator>Chau, J. 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M. ; Tsutsumi, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3442-4ea910c737a1de5d175caf829f21a7752e0c8b75d0ec8004401a6f8a9690e9393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Angular resolution</topic><topic>Angular velocity</topic><topic>Billows</topic><topic>Dimensions</topic><topic>Direction</topic><topic>Echoes</topic><topic>four‐dimensional radar imaging</topic><topic>Imaging techniques</topic><topic>Kelvin-helmholtz instability</topic><topic>Mesosphere</topic><topic>Middle atmosphere</topic><topic>PMSE</topic><topic>Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE)</topic><topic>Radar</topic><topic>Radar equipment</topic><topic>Radar imaging</topic><topic>Stratification</topic><topic>Summer</topic><topic>Turbulence</topic><topic>Vertical velocities</topic><topic>weakly stratified turbulence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chau, J. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Urco, J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avsarkisov, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vierinen, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latteck, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, C. 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L.</au><au>Urco, J. M.</au><au>Avsarkisov, V.</au><au>Vierinen, J. P.</au><au>Latteck, R.</au><au>Hall, C. M.</au><au>Tsutsumi, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Four‐Dimensional Quantification of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instabilities in the Polar Summer Mesosphere Using Volumetric Radar Imaging</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><date>2020-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>1</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><abstract>We present and characterize in time and three spatial dimensions a Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability (KHI) event from polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) observed with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System. We use a newly developed radar imaging mode, which observed PMSE intensity and line of sight velocity with high temporal and angular resolution. The identified KHI event occurs in a narrow layer of 2.4 km thickness centered at 85 km altitude, is elongated along north‐south direction, presents separation between billows of
∼8 km in the east‐west direction, and its billow width is
∼3 km. The accompanying vertical gradients of the horizontal wind are between 35 and 45 m/s/km and vertical velocities inside the billows are
±12 m/s. Based on the estimated Richardson (
<0.25), horizontal Froude (
∼0.8), and buoyancy Reynolds (
∼2.5
× 10
4 ) numbers, the observed event is a KHI that occurs under weak stratification and generates strong turbulence.
Key Points
Four‐dimensional quantification of a clearly resolved Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability event is observed with volumetric radar imaging
The Richardson number is estimated to be much less than 0.25, using independent measurements
The Froude number is estimated to be close to 1 (weak stratification) and a high buoyancy Reynolds number
∼25,000 is estimated</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2019GL086081</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-5859</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-708X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-2525</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-3294</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-8892</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-7473</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Wiley Online Library All Journals; Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection) |
| subjects | Angular resolution Angular velocity Billows Dimensions Direction Echoes four‐dimensional radar imaging Imaging techniques Kelvin-helmholtz instability Mesosphere Middle atmosphere PMSE Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE) Radar Radar equipment Radar imaging Stratification Summer Turbulence Vertical velocities weakly stratified turbulence |
| title | Four‐Dimensional Quantification of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instabilities in the Polar Summer Mesosphere Using Volumetric Radar Imaging |
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