Photocatalytic hydrogels for removal of organic contaminants from aqueous solution in continuous flow reactors
Light-driven degradation of organic contaminants by photocatalytic nanoparticles has attracted significant attention for wastewater treatment applications. However, implementation of these approaches has been limited by challenges in reactor design, which often require post-treatment separation of n...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Reaction chemistry & engineering 2020-02, Vol.5 (2), p.377-386 |
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creator | Katzenberg, Adlai Raman, Akash Schnabel, Nicole L Quispe, Andrea L Silverman, Andrea I Modestino, Miguel A |
description | Light-driven degradation of organic contaminants by photocatalytic nanoparticles has attracted significant attention for wastewater treatment applications. However, implementation of these approaches has been limited by challenges in reactor design, which often require post-treatment separation of nanoparticles or exhibit low reactivity owing to immobilization of particles at the surface of heterogeneous supports. In this work, we present a material design strategy that circumvents these challenges by encapsulating photocatalytic particles in three-dimensional polymer networks, leading to structurally-stable photocatalytic hydrogels that were used as the walls of a flow reactor. This design leverages the volumetric reactions of commonly-implemented slurry reactors but circumvents the need for downstream separation of photocatalytic particles. A two-step soft lithography technique was used to fabricate a patterned poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-
co
-acrylic acid) hydrogel composite with embedded titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) nanoparticles that were employed as a photocatalyst. In this configuration, contaminant molecules introduced
via
a flow channel were absorbed into the hydrogel, and subsequently diffused to the surface of the embedded photocatalyst particles where they were oxidized upon light irradiation. Using reactor configurations with low residence times (15 seconds) and moderate UV irradiation (0.28 mW cm
−2
at 365 nm), we demonstrated removal of up to 33% of model contaminant methylene blue (MB) and 13% of the antibiotic norfloxacin, both of which were introduced at a concentration of 3 mg L
−1
. The influence of molecular design parameters, such as hydrogel ionic strength, crosslinking density, and photocatalyst loading on transport and reactor performance were investigated and shown to have a strong influence on the transport properties of the hydrogels, providing options for optimizing the material to enhance treatment efficiency.
We present soft-lithography patterned photocatalyst-embedded hydrogel reactors with tunable material properties for removal of organic contaminants from wastewater. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/c9re00456d |
format | Article |
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co
-acrylic acid) hydrogel composite with embedded titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) nanoparticles that were employed as a photocatalyst. In this configuration, contaminant molecules introduced
via
a flow channel were absorbed into the hydrogel, and subsequently diffused to the surface of the embedded photocatalyst particles where they were oxidized upon light irradiation. Using reactor configurations with low residence times (15 seconds) and moderate UV irradiation (0.28 mW cm
−2
at 365 nm), we demonstrated removal of up to 33% of model contaminant methylene blue (MB) and 13% of the antibiotic norfloxacin, both of which were introduced at a concentration of 3 mg L
−1
. The influence of molecular design parameters, such as hydrogel ionic strength, crosslinking density, and photocatalyst loading on transport and reactor performance were investigated and shown to have a strong influence on the transport properties of the hydrogels, providing options for optimizing the material to enhance treatment efficiency.
We present soft-lithography patterned photocatalyst-embedded hydrogel reactors with tunable material properties for removal of organic contaminants from wastewater.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2058-9883</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2058-9883</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/c9re00456d</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Acrylic acid ; Antibiotics ; Aqueous solutions ; Configurations ; Contaminants ; Continuous flow ; Crosslinking ; Design parameters ; Dimensional stability ; Hydrogels ; Light irradiation ; Methylene blue ; Nanoparticles ; Norfloxacin ; Organic contaminants ; Photocatalysis ; Photocatalysts ; Photodegradation ; Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate ; Reactor design ; Reactors ; Separation ; Slurries ; Slurry reactors ; Transport properties ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Wastewater treatment</subject><ispartof>Reaction chemistry & engineering, 2020-02, Vol.5 (2), p.377-386</ispartof><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-e850ae3580640a001cdbc736da03b482394e2d05e1d35bc215b4f015fb72725f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-e850ae3580640a001cdbc736da03b482394e2d05e1d35bc215b4f015fb72725f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8199-5860 ; 0000-0003-0016-2539 ; 0000-0003-2100-7335 ; 0000-0003-0440-4486 ; 0000-0002-4793-5853</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Katzenberg, Adlai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raman, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnabel, Nicole L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quispe, Andrea L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silverman, Andrea I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Modestino, Miguel A</creatorcontrib><title>Photocatalytic hydrogels for removal of organic contaminants from aqueous solution in continuous flow reactors</title><title>Reaction chemistry & engineering</title><description>Light-driven degradation of organic contaminants by photocatalytic nanoparticles has attracted significant attention for wastewater treatment applications. However, implementation of these approaches has been limited by challenges in reactor design, which often require post-treatment separation of nanoparticles or exhibit low reactivity owing to immobilization of particles at the surface of heterogeneous supports. In this work, we present a material design strategy that circumvents these challenges by encapsulating photocatalytic particles in three-dimensional polymer networks, leading to structurally-stable photocatalytic hydrogels that were used as the walls of a flow reactor. This design leverages the volumetric reactions of commonly-implemented slurry reactors but circumvents the need for downstream separation of photocatalytic particles. A two-step soft lithography technique was used to fabricate a patterned poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-
co
-acrylic acid) hydrogel composite with embedded titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) nanoparticles that were employed as a photocatalyst. In this configuration, contaminant molecules introduced
via
a flow channel were absorbed into the hydrogel, and subsequently diffused to the surface of the embedded photocatalyst particles where they were oxidized upon light irradiation. Using reactor configurations with low residence times (15 seconds) and moderate UV irradiation (0.28 mW cm
−2
at 365 nm), we demonstrated removal of up to 33% of model contaminant methylene blue (MB) and 13% of the antibiotic norfloxacin, both of which were introduced at a concentration of 3 mg L
−1
. The influence of molecular design parameters, such as hydrogel ionic strength, crosslinking density, and photocatalyst loading on transport and reactor performance were investigated and shown to have a strong influence on the transport properties of the hydrogels, providing options for optimizing the material to enhance treatment efficiency.
We present soft-lithography patterned photocatalyst-embedded hydrogel reactors with tunable material properties for removal of organic contaminants from wastewater.</description><subject>Acrylic acid</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Configurations</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Continuous flow</subject><subject>Crosslinking</subject><subject>Design parameters</subject><subject>Dimensional stability</subject><subject>Hydrogels</subject><subject>Light irradiation</subject><subject>Methylene blue</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Norfloxacin</subject><subject>Organic contaminants</subject><subject>Photocatalysis</subject><subject>Photocatalysts</subject><subject>Photodegradation</subject><subject>Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate</subject><subject>Reactor design</subject><subject>Reactors</subject><subject>Separation</subject><subject>Slurries</subject><subject>Slurry reactors</subject><subject>Transport properties</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><issn>2058-9883</issn><issn>2058-9883</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpN0N9LwzAQB_AiCo65F9-FgG_C9JI0bfooc_6AgSL6XNI03Tra3ExSZf-92Sbq0x3Hh7vjmyTnFK4p8OJGF84ApCKrj5IRAyGnhZT8-F9_mky8XwMAzQC4zEeJfVlhQK2C6rah1WS1rR0uTedJg4440-On6gg2BN1S2Qg02qD61iobonHYE_UxGBw88dgNoUVLWrtXrR1246bDr7hI6YDOnyUnjeq8mfzUcfJ-P3-bPU4Xzw9Ps9vFVDNJw9RIAcpwISFLQcV3dV3pnGe1Al6lkvEiNawGYWjNRaUZFVXaABVNlbOciYaPk8vD3o3D-J4P5RoHZ-PJknEBXOQFpFFdHZR26L0zTblxba_ctqRQ7iItZ8XrfB_pXcQXB-y8_nV_kfNvdHB03A</recordid><startdate>20200204</startdate><enddate>20200204</enddate><creator>Katzenberg, Adlai</creator><creator>Raman, Akash</creator><creator>Schnabel, Nicole L</creator><creator>Quispe, Andrea L</creator><creator>Silverman, Andrea I</creator><creator>Modestino, Miguel A</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-5860</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-2539</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2100-7335</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-4486</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-5853</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200204</creationdate><title>Photocatalytic hydrogels for removal of organic contaminants from aqueous solution in continuous flow reactors</title><author>Katzenberg, Adlai ; Raman, Akash ; Schnabel, Nicole L ; Quispe, Andrea L ; Silverman, Andrea I ; Modestino, Miguel A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-e850ae3580640a001cdbc736da03b482394e2d05e1d35bc215b4f015fb72725f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Acrylic acid</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Configurations</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Continuous flow</topic><topic>Crosslinking</topic><topic>Design parameters</topic><topic>Dimensional stability</topic><topic>Hydrogels</topic><topic>Light irradiation</topic><topic>Methylene blue</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Norfloxacin</topic><topic>Organic contaminants</topic><topic>Photocatalysis</topic><topic>Photocatalysts</topic><topic>Photodegradation</topic><topic>Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate</topic><topic>Reactor design</topic><topic>Reactors</topic><topic>Separation</topic><topic>Slurries</topic><topic>Slurry reactors</topic><topic>Transport properties</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Katzenberg, Adlai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raman, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnabel, Nicole L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quispe, Andrea L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silverman, Andrea I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Modestino, Miguel A</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Reaction chemistry & engineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Katzenberg, Adlai</au><au>Raman, Akash</au><au>Schnabel, Nicole L</au><au>Quispe, Andrea L</au><au>Silverman, Andrea I</au><au>Modestino, Miguel A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Photocatalytic hydrogels for removal of organic contaminants from aqueous solution in continuous flow reactors</atitle><jtitle>Reaction chemistry & engineering</jtitle><date>2020-02-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>377</spage><epage>386</epage><pages>377-386</pages><issn>2058-9883</issn><eissn>2058-9883</eissn><abstract>Light-driven degradation of organic contaminants by photocatalytic nanoparticles has attracted significant attention for wastewater treatment applications. However, implementation of these approaches has been limited by challenges in reactor design, which often require post-treatment separation of nanoparticles or exhibit low reactivity owing to immobilization of particles at the surface of heterogeneous supports. In this work, we present a material design strategy that circumvents these challenges by encapsulating photocatalytic particles in three-dimensional polymer networks, leading to structurally-stable photocatalytic hydrogels that were used as the walls of a flow reactor. This design leverages the volumetric reactions of commonly-implemented slurry reactors but circumvents the need for downstream separation of photocatalytic particles. A two-step soft lithography technique was used to fabricate a patterned poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-
co
-acrylic acid) hydrogel composite with embedded titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) nanoparticles that were employed as a photocatalyst. In this configuration, contaminant molecules introduced
via
a flow channel were absorbed into the hydrogel, and subsequently diffused to the surface of the embedded photocatalyst particles where they were oxidized upon light irradiation. Using reactor configurations with low residence times (15 seconds) and moderate UV irradiation (0.28 mW cm
−2
at 365 nm), we demonstrated removal of up to 33% of model contaminant methylene blue (MB) and 13% of the antibiotic norfloxacin, both of which were introduced at a concentration of 3 mg L
−1
. The influence of molecular design parameters, such as hydrogel ionic strength, crosslinking density, and photocatalyst loading on transport and reactor performance were investigated and shown to have a strong influence on the transport properties of the hydrogels, providing options for optimizing the material to enhance treatment efficiency.
We present soft-lithography patterned photocatalyst-embedded hydrogel reactors with tunable material properties for removal of organic contaminants from wastewater.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><doi>10.1039/c9re00456d</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-5860</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-2539</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2100-7335</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-4486</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-5853</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | Royal Society Of Chemistry Journals |
subjects | Acrylic acid Antibiotics Aqueous solutions Configurations Contaminants Continuous flow Crosslinking Design parameters Dimensional stability Hydrogels Light irradiation Methylene blue Nanoparticles Norfloxacin Organic contaminants Photocatalysis Photocatalysts Photodegradation Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate Reactor design Reactors Separation Slurries Slurry reactors Transport properties Ultraviolet radiation Wastewater treatment |
title | Photocatalytic hydrogels for removal of organic contaminants from aqueous solution in continuous flow reactors |
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