Cell density-dependent linoleic acid toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Since the discovery of the apoptotic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several compounds have been shown to cause apoptosis in this organism. While the toxicity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) peroxides towards S. cerevisiae has been known for a long time, studies on the effect of nonoxidiz...
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| description | Since the discovery of the apoptotic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several compounds have been shown to cause apoptosis in this organism. While the toxicity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) peroxides towards S. cerevisiae has been known for a long time, studies on the effect of nonoxidized PUFA are scarce. The present study deals specifically with linoleic acid (LA) in its nonoxidized form and investigates its toxicity to yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to synthesize PUFA, but can take up and incorporate them into its membranes. Reports from the literature indicate that LA is not toxic to yeast cells. However, we demonstrated that yeast cell growth decreased in cultures treated with 0.1 mM LA for 4 h, and 3-(4,5 dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction (a measure of respiratory activity) decreased by 47%. This toxicity was dependent on the number of cells used in the experiment. We show apoptosis induction by LA concomitant with increases in malondialdehyde, glutathione content, activities of catalase and cytochrome c peroxidase, and decreases in two metabolic enzyme activities. While the main purpose of this study was to show that LA causes cell death in yeast, our results indicate some of the molecular mechanisms of the cell toxicity of PUFA. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00729.x |
| format | Article |
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While the toxicity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) peroxides towards S. cerevisiae has been known for a long time, studies on the effect of nonoxidized PUFA are scarce. The present study deals specifically with linoleic acid (LA) in its nonoxidized form and investigates its toxicity to yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to synthesize PUFA, but can take up and incorporate them into its membranes. Reports from the literature indicate that LA is not toxic to yeast cells. However, we demonstrated that yeast cell growth decreased in cultures treated with 0.1 mM LA for 4 h, and 3-(4,5 dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction (a measure of respiratory activity) decreased by 47%. This toxicity was dependent on the number of cells used in the experiment. We show apoptosis induction by LA concomitant with increases in malondialdehyde, glutathione content, activities of catalase and cytochrome c peroxidase, and decreases in two metabolic enzyme activities. While the main purpose of this study was to show that LA causes cell death in yeast, our results indicate some of the molecular mechanisms of the cell toxicity of PUFA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1567-1356</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1567-1364</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00729.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21457450</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Apoptosis ; Catalase ; Catalase - metabolism ; Cell death ; Cell density ; cell growth ; Cytochrome c ; cytochrome-c peroxidase ; Cytochrome-c Peroxidase - metabolism ; cytotoxicity ; Enzymatic activity ; enzyme activity ; Glutathione ; Glutathione - metabolism ; Linoleic acid ; Linoleic Acid - pharmacology ; lipid peroxidation ; Lipid Peroxidation - physiology ; Malondialdehyde ; Malondialdehyde - metabolism ; Molecular modelling ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - physiology ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Peroxidase ; peroxides ; Phenotype ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - drug effects ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - enzymology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - growth & development ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - physiology ; Time Factors ; Toxicity ; Yeast ; Yeasts</subject><ispartof>FEMS yeast research, 2011-08, Vol.11 (5), p.408-417</ispartof><rights>2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved 2011</rights><rights>2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved</rights><rights>2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4149-9a32d2949c489200ed80e68299e9bc58e1f8c96ee1616564acb3713f8e0188cd3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1567-1364.2011.00729.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1567-1364.2011.00729.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21457450$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Túlio César</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Moraes, Lídia Maria Pepe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campos, Élida Geralda</creatorcontrib><title>Cell density-dependent linoleic acid toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae</title><title>FEMS yeast research</title><addtitle>FEMS Yeast Res</addtitle><description>Since the discovery of the apoptotic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several compounds have been shown to cause apoptosis in this organism. While the toxicity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) peroxides towards S. cerevisiae has been known for a long time, studies on the effect of nonoxidized PUFA are scarce. The present study deals specifically with linoleic acid (LA) in its nonoxidized form and investigates its toxicity to yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to synthesize PUFA, but can take up and incorporate them into its membranes. Reports from the literature indicate that LA is not toxic to yeast cells. However, we demonstrated that yeast cell growth decreased in cultures treated with 0.1 mM LA for 4 h, and 3-(4,5 dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction (a measure of respiratory activity) decreased by 47%. This toxicity was dependent on the number of cells used in the experiment. We show apoptosis induction by LA concomitant with increases in malondialdehyde, glutathione content, activities of catalase and cytochrome c peroxidase, and decreases in two metabolic enzyme activities. While the main purpose of this study was to show that LA causes cell death in yeast, our results indicate some of the molecular mechanisms of the cell toxicity of PUFA.</description><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Catalase - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cell density</subject><subject>cell growth</subject><subject>Cytochrome c</subject><subject>cytochrome-c peroxidase</subject><subject>Cytochrome-c Peroxidase - metabolism</subject><subject>cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>enzyme activity</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione - metabolism</subject><subject>Linoleic acid</subject><subject>Linoleic Acid - pharmacology</subject><subject>lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipid Peroxidation - physiology</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</subject><subject>Molecular modelling</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - physiology</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Peroxidase</subject><subject>peroxides</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - drug effects</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - enzymology</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - growth & development</subject><subject>Saccharomyces cerevisiae - physiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Yeast</subject><subject>Yeasts</subject><issn>1567-1356</issn><issn>1567-1364</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kF1LwzAUhoMobk7_gha8bs1X0wS8keF0MBCcu_AqZOmppnTt7Idu_97Mzt2I5yYnnOc5IS9CAcER8XWTRyQWSUiY4BHFhEQYJ1RFmyM0PAyOD30sBuisaXKMSYKxPEUDSnic8BgP0XQMRRGkUDau3YYprKH0lzYoXFkV4GxgrEuDtto46wHfBHNj7bupq9XWQhNYqOHTNc7AOTrJTNHAxf4cocXk_mX8GM6eHqbju1loOeEqVIbRlCquLJeKYgypxCAkVQrU0sYSSCatEgBEEBELbuySJYRlEjCR0qZshK77veu6-uigaXVedXXpn9SUMZ7ETDDlqcs91S1XkOp17Vam3urfn3vgtge-XAHbw5xgvUtY53oXnt4FqXcJ65-E9UZPXp9943XW61W3_kcO_8jeuuqtzFTavNWu0Yu5JwT2RWlM2TdYGYWZ</recordid><startdate>201108</startdate><enddate>201108</enddate><creator>Ferreira, Túlio César</creator><creator>de Moraes, Lídia Maria Pepe</creator><creator>Campos, Élida Geralda</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201108</creationdate><title>Cell density-dependent linoleic acid toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae</title><author>Ferreira, Túlio César ; 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While the toxicity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) peroxides towards S. cerevisiae has been known for a long time, studies on the effect of nonoxidized PUFA are scarce. The present study deals specifically with linoleic acid (LA) in its nonoxidized form and investigates its toxicity to yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to synthesize PUFA, but can take up and incorporate them into its membranes. Reports from the literature indicate that LA is not toxic to yeast cells. However, we demonstrated that yeast cell growth decreased in cultures treated with 0.1 mM LA for 4 h, and 3-(4,5 dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction (a measure of respiratory activity) decreased by 47%. This toxicity was dependent on the number of cells used in the experiment. We show apoptosis induction by LA concomitant with increases in malondialdehyde, glutathione content, activities of catalase and cytochrome c peroxidase, and decreases in two metabolic enzyme activities. While the main purpose of this study was to show that LA causes cell death in yeast, our results indicate some of the molecular mechanisms of the cell toxicity of PUFA.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>21457450</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00729.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Apoptosis Catalase Catalase - metabolism Cell death Cell density cell growth Cytochrome c cytochrome-c peroxidase Cytochrome-c Peroxidase - metabolism cytotoxicity Enzymatic activity enzyme activity Glutathione Glutathione - metabolism Linoleic acid Linoleic Acid - pharmacology lipid peroxidation Lipid Peroxidation - physiology Malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde - metabolism Molecular modelling Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - physiology Oxygen Consumption - physiology Peroxidase peroxides Phenotype Polyunsaturated fatty acids Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae - drug effects Saccharomyces cerevisiae - enzymology Saccharomyces cerevisiae - growth & development Saccharomyces cerevisiae - physiology Time Factors Toxicity Yeast Yeasts |
| title | Cell density-dependent linoleic acid toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
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