The Impact of the Extreme 2015–2016 El Niño on the Mass Balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Interannual variations associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation can alter the surface‐pressure distribution and moisture transport over Antarctica, potentially affecting the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level. Here, we combine satellite gravimetry with auxiliary atmospheric dat...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical research letters 2019-12, Vol.46 (23), p.13862-13871 |
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description | Interannual variations associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation can alter the surface‐pressure distribution and moisture transport over Antarctica, potentially affecting the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level. Here, we combine satellite gravimetry with auxiliary atmospheric data sets to investigate interannual ice‐mass changes during the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño. Enhanced precipitation during this event contributed positively to the mass of the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic ice sheets, with the mass gain on the peninsula being unprecedented within GRACE's observational record. Over the coastal basins of East Antarctica, the precipitation‐driven mass loss observed in recent years was arrested, with pronounced accumulation over Terre Adélie dominating this response. Little change was observed over Central Antarctica where, after a brief pause, enhanced mass‐loss due to weakened precipitation continued. Overall, precipitation changes over this period were sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (approximately 0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise.
Plain Language Summary
Given that the Antarctic Ice Sheet has the potential to raise sea level by over 50 m if completely melted, it is crucial that we fully understand the factors controlling its stability. Presently, changes in rates of mass loss and mass gain over the ice sheet vary from short (seasonal/interannual) to long (decadal) timescales. Previous research has shown that one potential factor influencing Antarctica on interannual timescales is the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, a large‐scale interaction between the Pacific Ocean and the overlying atmosphere that fluctuates between warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) states every 2–7 years. Here, we show an unprecedented increase in accumulation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic sectors during the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño, along with a brief stabilization in mass loss over East Antarctica. Overall, precipitation changes during this event were sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (approximately 0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise.
Key Points
Precipitation‐derived mass anomalies are estimated for the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the GRACE period
An unprecedented increase in accumulation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica coincides with the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño
This was sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (≈0.4 mm yr−1) con |
doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2019GL084466 |
format | Article |
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Plain Language Summary
Given that the Antarctic Ice Sheet has the potential to raise sea level by over 50 m if completely melted, it is crucial that we fully understand the factors controlling its stability. Presently, changes in rates of mass loss and mass gain over the ice sheet vary from short (seasonal/interannual) to long (decadal) timescales. Previous research has shown that one potential factor influencing Antarctica on interannual timescales is the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, a large‐scale interaction between the Pacific Ocean and the overlying atmosphere that fluctuates between warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) states every 2–7 years. Here, we show an unprecedented increase in accumulation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic sectors during the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño, along with a brief stabilization in mass loss over East Antarctica. Overall, precipitation changes during this event were sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (approximately 0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise.
Key Points
Precipitation‐derived mass anomalies are estimated for the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the GRACE period
An unprecedented increase in accumulation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica coincides with the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño
This was sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (≈0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2019GL084466</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Accumulation ; Annual variations ; Antarctic ice sheet ; Antarctica ; Atmospheric data ; Control stability ; El Nino ; El Nino phenomena ; El Niño ; Glaciation ; GRACE ; Gravimetry ; Ice ; Ice sheets ; Interannual variations ; La Nina ; Mass ; Mass balance ; Mass balance of ice sheets ; Mean sea level ; Precipitation ; Pressure distribution ; Sea level ; Sea level rise ; Southern Oscillation ; Stress concentration</subject><ispartof>Geophysical research letters, 2019-12, Vol.46 (23), p.13862-13871</ispartof><rights>2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3679-f4bc3f4dd4d48794c562afe613265f14d553d8a6fbf44e44791a52873495ea083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3679-f4bc3f4dd4d48794c562afe613265f14d553d8a6fbf44e44791a52873495ea083</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8237-0675 ; 0000-0003-0609-5672</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2019GL084466$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2019GL084466$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,1419,1435,11521,27931,27932,45581,45582,46416,46475,46840,46899</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bodart, J.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bingham, R.J.</creatorcontrib><title>The Impact of the Extreme 2015–2016 El Niño on the Mass Balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet</title><title>Geophysical research letters</title><description>Interannual variations associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation can alter the surface‐pressure distribution and moisture transport over Antarctica, potentially affecting the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level. Here, we combine satellite gravimetry with auxiliary atmospheric data sets to investigate interannual ice‐mass changes during the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño. Enhanced precipitation during this event contributed positively to the mass of the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic ice sheets, with the mass gain on the peninsula being unprecedented within GRACE's observational record. Over the coastal basins of East Antarctica, the precipitation‐driven mass loss observed in recent years was arrested, with pronounced accumulation over Terre Adélie dominating this response. Little change was observed over Central Antarctica where, after a brief pause, enhanced mass‐loss due to weakened precipitation continued. Overall, precipitation changes over this period were sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (approximately 0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise.
Plain Language Summary
Given that the Antarctic Ice Sheet has the potential to raise sea level by over 50 m if completely melted, it is crucial that we fully understand the factors controlling its stability. Presently, changes in rates of mass loss and mass gain over the ice sheet vary from short (seasonal/interannual) to long (decadal) timescales. Previous research has shown that one potential factor influencing Antarctica on interannual timescales is the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, a large‐scale interaction between the Pacific Ocean and the overlying atmosphere that fluctuates between warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) states every 2–7 years. Here, we show an unprecedented increase in accumulation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic sectors during the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño, along with a brief stabilization in mass loss over East Antarctica. Overall, precipitation changes during this event were sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (approximately 0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise.
Key Points
Precipitation‐derived mass anomalies are estimated for the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the GRACE period
An unprecedented increase in accumulation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica coincides with the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño
This was sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (≈0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise</description><subject>Accumulation</subject><subject>Annual variations</subject><subject>Antarctic ice sheet</subject><subject>Antarctica</subject><subject>Atmospheric data</subject><subject>Control stability</subject><subject>El Nino</subject><subject>El Nino phenomena</subject><subject>El Niño</subject><subject>Glaciation</subject><subject>GRACE</subject><subject>Gravimetry</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Ice sheets</subject><subject>Interannual variations</subject><subject>La Nina</subject><subject>Mass</subject><subject>Mass balance</subject><subject>Mass balance of ice sheets</subject><subject>Mean sea level</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Pressure distribution</subject><subject>Sea level</subject><subject>Sea level rise</subject><subject>Southern Oscillation</subject><subject>Stress concentration</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1OwzAQhS0EEqWw4wCW2BLwz9iJlwWVUimABGWJLDex1VRpUuxU0B134CScgZtwEgwFiRWrNzP65s3oIXRIyQklTJ0yQtUoJxmAlFuoRxVAkhGSbqMeISrWLJW7aC-EOSGEE0576GEys3i8WJqiw63DXeyGz523C4ujm_h4eY0i8bDG19X7W4vb5pu5MiHgM1ObprC_e4OmM77oqgKP4_BuZm23j3acqYM9-NE-ur8YTs4vk_xmND4f5InhMlWJg2nBHZQllJClCgohmXFWUs6kcBRKIXiZGemmDsACpIoawbKUgxLWkIz30dHGd-nbx5UNnZ63K9_Ek5pxzhilBGSkjjdU4dsQvHV66auF8WtNif4KUP8NMOJsgz9VtV3_y-rRbS5UfJ1_ArlrbrE</recordid><startdate>20191216</startdate><enddate>20191216</enddate><creator>Bodart, J.A.</creator><creator>Bingham, R.J.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8237-0675</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-5672</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191216</creationdate><title>The Impact of the Extreme 2015–2016 El Niño on the Mass Balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet</title><author>Bodart, J.A. ; Bingham, R.J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a3679-f4bc3f4dd4d48794c562afe613265f14d553d8a6fbf44e44791a52873495ea083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Accumulation</topic><topic>Annual variations</topic><topic>Antarctic ice sheet</topic><topic>Antarctica</topic><topic>Atmospheric data</topic><topic>Control stability</topic><topic>El Nino</topic><topic>El Nino phenomena</topic><topic>El Niño</topic><topic>Glaciation</topic><topic>GRACE</topic><topic>Gravimetry</topic><topic>Ice</topic><topic>Ice sheets</topic><topic>Interannual variations</topic><topic>La Nina</topic><topic>Mass</topic><topic>Mass balance</topic><topic>Mass balance of ice sheets</topic><topic>Mean sea level</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Pressure distribution</topic><topic>Sea level</topic><topic>Sea level rise</topic><topic>Southern Oscillation</topic><topic>Stress concentration</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bodart, J.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bingham, R.J.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bodart, J.A.</au><au>Bingham, R.J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Impact of the Extreme 2015–2016 El Niño on the Mass Balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><date>2019-12-16</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>13862</spage><epage>13871</epage><pages>13862-13871</pages><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><abstract>Interannual variations associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation can alter the surface‐pressure distribution and moisture transport over Antarctica, potentially affecting the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level. Here, we combine satellite gravimetry with auxiliary atmospheric data sets to investigate interannual ice‐mass changes during the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño. Enhanced precipitation during this event contributed positively to the mass of the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic ice sheets, with the mass gain on the peninsula being unprecedented within GRACE's observational record. Over the coastal basins of East Antarctica, the precipitation‐driven mass loss observed in recent years was arrested, with pronounced accumulation over Terre Adélie dominating this response. Little change was observed over Central Antarctica where, after a brief pause, enhanced mass‐loss due to weakened precipitation continued. Overall, precipitation changes over this period were sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (approximately 0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise.
Plain Language Summary
Given that the Antarctic Ice Sheet has the potential to raise sea level by over 50 m if completely melted, it is crucial that we fully understand the factors controlling its stability. Presently, changes in rates of mass loss and mass gain over the ice sheet vary from short (seasonal/interannual) to long (decadal) timescales. Previous research has shown that one potential factor influencing Antarctica on interannual timescales is the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, a large‐scale interaction between the Pacific Ocean and the overlying atmosphere that fluctuates between warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) states every 2–7 years. Here, we show an unprecedented increase in accumulation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic sectors during the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño, along with a brief stabilization in mass loss over East Antarctica. Overall, precipitation changes during this event were sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (approximately 0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise.
Key Points
Precipitation‐derived mass anomalies are estimated for the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the GRACE period
An unprecedented increase in accumulation over the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica coincides with the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño
This was sufficient to temporarily offset Antarctica's usual (≈0.4 mm yr−1) contribution to global mean sea level rise</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2019GL084466</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8237-0675</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-5672</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Accumulation Annual variations Antarctic ice sheet Antarctica Atmospheric data Control stability El Nino El Nino phenomena El Niño Glaciation GRACE Gravimetry Ice Ice sheets Interannual variations La Nina Mass Mass balance Mass balance of ice sheets Mean sea level Precipitation Pressure distribution Sea level Sea level rise Southern Oscillation Stress concentration |
title | The Impact of the Extreme 2015–2016 El Niño on the Mass Balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet |
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