Totally tall sounds totally younger: Intensification at the socio‐semantics interface

In two social perception experiments, we explore the relationship between the social meaning and the semantic/pragmatic properties of the intensifier totally in American English. In Experiment 1, we show that totally is perceived as a more salient index of social identity categories – measured in te...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of sociolinguistics 2017-04, Vol.21 (2), p.154-182
Hauptverfasser: Beltrama, Andrea, Staum Casasanto, Laura
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description In two social perception experiments, we explore the relationship between the social meaning and the semantic/pragmatic properties of the intensifier totally in American English. In Experiment 1, we show that totally is perceived as a more salient index of social identity categories – measured in terms of Age, Solidarity and Status attributes – when it targets a scalar dimension grounded in the speaker's attitude, as opposed to when it occurs in contexts where the scale is provided by the subsequent predicate. In Experiment 2, we show that the social indexicality of totally is even more salient in contexts in which the intensifier, by virtue of its pragmatic contribution, invites a stance of heightened proximity and convergence between the interlocutors. These results point to a principled connection between the semantic, pragmatic and personality‐based social meanings of totally, providing new insights into the dynamics whereby different layers of meaning conspire to determine what an expression ‘says’ when deployed in interaction. Basandoci su dati raccolti in due esperimenti di percezione sociale, investighiamo la relazione tra il significato sociale e le caratteristiche semantico‐pragmatiche dell'avverbio intensivo totally ‘totalmente’ in Inglese Nordamericano. Il primo esperimento mostra che totally è percepito come un indice di identità sociale particolarmente saliente – in termini di Età percepita e più specifici attributi di Status e Solidarietà – quando modifica una dimensione scalare relativa all'atteggiamento proposizionale del parlante; il significato sociale è invece meno saliente quando la dimensione scalare deriva dal significato lessicale del predicato seguente. Il secondo esperimento mostra che la salienza sociale di totally è ancora più pronunciata in contesti in cui l'avverbio, grazie ai suoi tratti pragmatici, facilita l'emergere di un atteggiamento di affinità emotiva ed epistemica tra i parlanti. I risultati degli esperimenti delineano un quadro in cui gli aspetti semantici, pragmatici e sociolinguistici del significato di totally sono intimamente connessi, fornendo una nuova prospettiva sulle dinamiche attraverso le quali livelli diversi di significato contribuiscono a costruire il messaggio di un'espressione linguistica.
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source Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Sociological Abstracts
subjects American English
Deixis
indexicality
intensification
Meaning
Personality
Pragmatics
Predicate
Scalarity (Semantics)
Semantics
semantics/pragmatics
Social dynamics
Social identity
Social meaning
Social perception
Sociolinguistics
title Totally tall sounds totally younger: Intensification at the socio‐semantics interface
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