Seafloor Geodesy in Shallow Water With GPS on an Anchored Spar Buoy
Measuring seafloor motion in shallow coastal water is challenging due to strong and highly variable oceanographic effects. Such measurements are potentially useful for monitoring near‐shore coastal subsidence, subsidence due to petroleum withdrawal, strain accumulation/release processes in subductio...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth 2019-11, Vol.124 (11), p.12116-12140 |
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| creator | Xie, Surui Law, Jason Russell, Randy Dixon, Timothy H. Lembke, Chad Malservisi, Rocco Rodgers, Mel Iannaccone, Giovanni Guardato, Sergio Naar, David F. Calore, Daniele Fraticelli, Nicola Brizzolara, Jennifer Gray, John W. Hommeyer, Matt Chen, Jing |
| description | Measuring seafloor motion in shallow coastal water is challenging due to strong and highly variable oceanographic effects. Such measurements are potentially useful for monitoring near‐shore coastal subsidence, subsidence due to petroleum withdrawal, strain accumulation/release processes in subduction zones and submerged volcanoes, and certain freshwater applications, such as volcano deformation in caldera‐hosted lakes. We have developed a seafloor geodesy system for this environment based on an anchored spar buoy topped by high‐precision GPS. Orientation of the buoy is measured using a digital compass that provides heading, pitch, and roll information. The combined orientation and GPS tracking data are used to recover the three‐dimensional position of the seafloor marker (anchor). A test system has been deployed in Tampa Bay, Florida, for over 1 year and has weathered several major storms without incident. Even in the presence of strong tidal currents which can deflect the top of the buoy several meters from vertical, daily repeatability in the corrected three‐component position estimates for the anchor is 1–2 cm or better.
Plain Language Summary
To measure seafloor motion in shallow water, we built a spar buoy and put a GPS antenna and a digital compass (three‐dimensional orientation sensor) on top of it. The buoy rests on the sea bottom using a heavy concrete ballast. Rotation and other movements of the buoy are measured by the digital compass and GPS. Position of the ballast can be calculated based on these measurements. We tested the system in Tampa Bay, Florida, and found that it is able to measure motion of the anchor with an uncertainty of 1–2 cm or smaller.
Key Points
A GPS‐buoy system has been designed, built, and tested to measure seafloor motion in shallow water
GPS and buoy orientation measured by a digital compass enable the anchor position and effects of water motion to be accurately determined
Daily repeatability of seafloor positioning is ~1–2 cm for horizontal components and better than 1 cm for the vertical component |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2019JB018242 |
| format | Article |
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Plain Language Summary
To measure seafloor motion in shallow water, we built a spar buoy and put a GPS antenna and a digital compass (three‐dimensional orientation sensor) on top of it. The buoy rests on the sea bottom using a heavy concrete ballast. Rotation and other movements of the buoy are measured by the digital compass and GPS. Position of the ballast can be calculated based on these measurements. We tested the system in Tampa Bay, Florida, and found that it is able to measure motion of the anchor with an uncertainty of 1–2 cm or smaller.
Key Points
A GPS‐buoy system has been designed, built, and tested to measure seafloor motion in shallow water
GPS and buoy orientation measured by a digital compass enable the anchor position and effects of water motion to be accurately determined
Daily repeatability of seafloor positioning is ~1–2 cm for horizontal components and better than 1 cm for the vertical component</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9313</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9356</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2019JB018242</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Anchors ; Ballast ; buoy ; Buoy measurements ; Buoys ; Calderas ; Coastal waters ; Compasses ; Deformation ; Environmental monitoring ; Freshwater ; Geodesy ; Geodetics ; Geophysics ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Inland water environment ; Lakes ; Measuring instruments ; Movement ; Ocean floor ; Orientation ; Petroleum ; Pitch (inclination) ; Position measurement ; Rolling motion ; Satellite navigation systems ; seafloor geodesy ; Shallow water ; Spar buoys ; Storms ; Subduction ; Subduction (geology) ; subduction zone ; Subduction zones ; Subsidence ; Tidal currents ; Volcanoes</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth, 2019-11, Vol.124 (11), p.12116-12140</ispartof><rights>2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3683-40eab81279058e2dfb0de8e9be75ca8ca0d3490a5d9dd95112186a974e9cd50a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3683-40eab81279058e2dfb0de8e9be75ca8ca0d3490a5d9dd95112186a974e9cd50a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7977-1494 ; 0000-0002-1484-0671 ; 0000-0002-0714-466X ; 0000-0003-1767-8187 ; 0000-0002-5127-0583 ; 0000-0002-1323-9016 ; 0000-0002-6942-8270 ; 0000-0002-8809-9935</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2019JB018242$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2019JB018242$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xie, Surui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Law, Jason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russell, Randy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dixon, Timothy H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lembke, Chad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malservisi, Rocco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodgers, Mel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iannaccone, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guardato, Sergio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naar, David F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calore, Daniele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fraticelli, Nicola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brizzolara, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gray, John W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hommeyer, Matt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jing</creatorcontrib><title>Seafloor Geodesy in Shallow Water With GPS on an Anchored Spar Buoy</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth</title><description>Measuring seafloor motion in shallow coastal water is challenging due to strong and highly variable oceanographic effects. Such measurements are potentially useful for monitoring near‐shore coastal subsidence, subsidence due to petroleum withdrawal, strain accumulation/release processes in subduction zones and submerged volcanoes, and certain freshwater applications, such as volcano deformation in caldera‐hosted lakes. We have developed a seafloor geodesy system for this environment based on an anchored spar buoy topped by high‐precision GPS. Orientation of the buoy is measured using a digital compass that provides heading, pitch, and roll information. The combined orientation and GPS tracking data are used to recover the three‐dimensional position of the seafloor marker (anchor). A test system has been deployed in Tampa Bay, Florida, for over 1 year and has weathered several major storms without incident. Even in the presence of strong tidal currents which can deflect the top of the buoy several meters from vertical, daily repeatability in the corrected three‐component position estimates for the anchor is 1–2 cm or better.
Plain Language Summary
To measure seafloor motion in shallow water, we built a spar buoy and put a GPS antenna and a digital compass (three‐dimensional orientation sensor) on top of it. The buoy rests on the sea bottom using a heavy concrete ballast. Rotation and other movements of the buoy are measured by the digital compass and GPS. Position of the ballast can be calculated based on these measurements. We tested the system in Tampa Bay, Florida, and found that it is able to measure motion of the anchor with an uncertainty of 1–2 cm or smaller.
Key Points
A GPS‐buoy system has been designed, built, and tested to measure seafloor motion in shallow water
GPS and buoy orientation measured by a digital compass enable the anchor position and effects of water motion to be accurately determined
Daily repeatability of seafloor positioning is ~1–2 cm for horizontal components and better than 1 cm for the vertical component</description><subject>Anchors</subject><subject>Ballast</subject><subject>buoy</subject><subject>Buoy measurements</subject><subject>Buoys</subject><subject>Calderas</subject><subject>Coastal waters</subject><subject>Compasses</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Geodesy</subject><subject>Geodetics</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Inland water environment</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Measuring instruments</subject><subject>Movement</subject><subject>Ocean floor</subject><subject>Orientation</subject><subject>Petroleum</subject><subject>Pitch (inclination)</subject><subject>Position measurement</subject><subject>Rolling motion</subject><subject>Satellite navigation systems</subject><subject>seafloor geodesy</subject><subject>Shallow water</subject><subject>Spar buoys</subject><subject>Storms</subject><subject>Subduction</subject><subject>Subduction (geology)</subject><subject>subduction zone</subject><subject>Subduction zones</subject><subject>Subsidence</subject><subject>Tidal currents</subject><subject>Volcanoes</subject><issn>2169-9313</issn><issn>2169-9356</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90E1Lw0AQBuBFFCy1N3_Aglej-5FNdo9t0WgRFKP0uEyzE5oSs3W3peTfG6mIJ-cyw_AwAy8hl5zdcCbMrWDcLGaMa5GKEzISPDOJkSo7_Z25PCeTGDdsKD2seDoi8xKhbr0PtEDvMPa06Wi5hrb1B7qEHQa6bHZrWryU1HcUOjrtqrUP6Gi5hUBne99fkLMa2oiTnz4m7_d3b_OH5Om5eJxPnxKQmZZJyhBWmovcMKVRuHrFHGo0K8xVBboC5mRqGChnnDOKc8F1BiZP0VROMZBjcnW8uw3-c49xZzd-H7rhpRVSMp3nIhODuj6qKvgYA9Z2G5oPCL3lzH4nZf8mNXB55Iemxf5faxfF60xJzaX8Aj6KZ1A</recordid><startdate>201911</startdate><enddate>201911</enddate><creator>Xie, Surui</creator><creator>Law, Jason</creator><creator>Russell, Randy</creator><creator>Dixon, Timothy H.</creator><creator>Lembke, Chad</creator><creator>Malservisi, Rocco</creator><creator>Rodgers, Mel</creator><creator>Iannaccone, Giovanni</creator><creator>Guardato, Sergio</creator><creator>Naar, David F.</creator><creator>Calore, Daniele</creator><creator>Fraticelli, Nicola</creator><creator>Brizzolara, Jennifer</creator><creator>Gray, John W.</creator><creator>Hommeyer, Matt</creator><creator>Chen, Jing</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-1494</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-0671</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-466X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-8187</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-0583</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-9016</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-8270</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-9935</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201911</creationdate><title>Seafloor Geodesy in Shallow Water With GPS on an Anchored Spar Buoy</title><author>Xie, Surui ; Law, Jason ; Russell, Randy ; Dixon, Timothy H. ; Lembke, Chad ; Malservisi, Rocco ; Rodgers, Mel ; Iannaccone, Giovanni ; Guardato, Sergio ; Naar, David F. ; Calore, Daniele ; Fraticelli, Nicola ; Brizzolara, Jennifer ; Gray, John W. ; Hommeyer, Matt ; Chen, Jing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a3683-40eab81279058e2dfb0de8e9be75ca8ca0d3490a5d9dd95112186a974e9cd50a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Anchors</topic><topic>Ballast</topic><topic>buoy</topic><topic>Buoy measurements</topic><topic>Buoys</topic><topic>Calderas</topic><topic>Coastal waters</topic><topic>Compasses</topic><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Geodesy</topic><topic>Geodetics</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Inland water environment</topic><topic>Lakes</topic><topic>Measuring instruments</topic><topic>Movement</topic><topic>Ocean floor</topic><topic>Orientation</topic><topic>Petroleum</topic><topic>Pitch (inclination)</topic><topic>Position measurement</topic><topic>Rolling motion</topic><topic>Satellite navigation systems</topic><topic>seafloor geodesy</topic><topic>Shallow water</topic><topic>Spar buoys</topic><topic>Storms</topic><topic>Subduction</topic><topic>Subduction (geology)</topic><topic>subduction zone</topic><topic>Subduction zones</topic><topic>Subsidence</topic><topic>Tidal currents</topic><topic>Volcanoes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xie, Surui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Law, Jason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russell, Randy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dixon, Timothy H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lembke, Chad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malservisi, Rocco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodgers, Mel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iannaccone, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guardato, Sergio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naar, David F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calore, Daniele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fraticelli, Nicola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brizzolara, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gray, John W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hommeyer, Matt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jing</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xie, Surui</au><au>Law, Jason</au><au>Russell, Randy</au><au>Dixon, Timothy H.</au><au>Lembke, Chad</au><au>Malservisi, Rocco</au><au>Rodgers, Mel</au><au>Iannaccone, Giovanni</au><au>Guardato, Sergio</au><au>Naar, David F.</au><au>Calore, Daniele</au><au>Fraticelli, Nicola</au><au>Brizzolara, Jennifer</au><au>Gray, John W.</au><au>Hommeyer, Matt</au><au>Chen, Jing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Seafloor Geodesy in Shallow Water With GPS on an Anchored Spar Buoy</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth</jtitle><date>2019-11</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>124</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>12116</spage><epage>12140</epage><pages>12116-12140</pages><issn>2169-9313</issn><eissn>2169-9356</eissn><abstract>Measuring seafloor motion in shallow coastal water is challenging due to strong and highly variable oceanographic effects. Such measurements are potentially useful for monitoring near‐shore coastal subsidence, subsidence due to petroleum withdrawal, strain accumulation/release processes in subduction zones and submerged volcanoes, and certain freshwater applications, such as volcano deformation in caldera‐hosted lakes. We have developed a seafloor geodesy system for this environment based on an anchored spar buoy topped by high‐precision GPS. Orientation of the buoy is measured using a digital compass that provides heading, pitch, and roll information. The combined orientation and GPS tracking data are used to recover the three‐dimensional position of the seafloor marker (anchor). A test system has been deployed in Tampa Bay, Florida, for over 1 year and has weathered several major storms without incident. Even in the presence of strong tidal currents which can deflect the top of the buoy several meters from vertical, daily repeatability in the corrected three‐component position estimates for the anchor is 1–2 cm or better.
Plain Language Summary
To measure seafloor motion in shallow water, we built a spar buoy and put a GPS antenna and a digital compass (three‐dimensional orientation sensor) on top of it. The buoy rests on the sea bottom using a heavy concrete ballast. Rotation and other movements of the buoy are measured by the digital compass and GPS. Position of the ballast can be calculated based on these measurements. We tested the system in Tampa Bay, Florida, and found that it is able to measure motion of the anchor with an uncertainty of 1–2 cm or smaller.
Key Points
A GPS‐buoy system has been designed, built, and tested to measure seafloor motion in shallow water
GPS and buoy orientation measured by a digital compass enable the anchor position and effects of water motion to be accurately determined
Daily repeatability of seafloor positioning is ~1–2 cm for horizontal components and better than 1 cm for the vertical component</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2019JB018242</doi><tpages>25</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-1494</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-0671</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-466X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-8187</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-0583</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-9016</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-8270</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-9935</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 2169-9313 2169-9356 |
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| subjects | Anchors Ballast buoy Buoy measurements Buoys Calderas Coastal waters Compasses Deformation Environmental monitoring Freshwater Geodesy Geodetics Geophysics Global positioning systems GPS Inland water environment Lakes Measuring instruments Movement Ocean floor Orientation Petroleum Pitch (inclination) Position measurement Rolling motion Satellite navigation systems seafloor geodesy Shallow water Spar buoys Storms Subduction Subduction (geology) subduction zone Subduction zones Subsidence Tidal currents Volcanoes |
| title | Seafloor Geodesy in Shallow Water With GPS on an Anchored Spar Buoy |
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