Breaking of adiabatic invariance in the creation of particles by electromagnetic backgrounds

Breaking of adiabatic invariance in the creation of particles by electromagnetic backgrounds

Particles are spontaneously created from the vacuum by time-varying gravitational or electromagnetic backgrounds. It has been proven that the particle number operator in an expanding universe is an adiabatic invariant. In this paper we show that, in some special cases, the expected adiabatic invaria...

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Veröffentlicht in:Physical review. D 2019-10, Vol.100 (8), Article 085014
Hauptverfasser: Beltrán-Palau, Pau, Ferreiro, Antonio, Navarro-Salas, Jose, Pla, Silvia
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Sprache:eng
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Adiabatic flow
Invariance
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creator Beltrán-Palau, Pau
Ferreiro, Antonio
Navarro-Salas, Jose
Pla, Silvia
description Particles are spontaneously created from the vacuum by time-varying gravitational or electromagnetic backgrounds. It has been proven that the particle number operator in an expanding universe is an adiabatic invariant. In this paper we show that, in some special cases, the expected adiabatic invariance of the particle number fails in presence of electromagnetic backgrounds. In order to do this, we consider as a prototype a Sauter-type electric pulse. Furthermore, we also show a close relation between the breaking of the adiabatic invariance and the emergence of the axial anomaly.
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Invariance
title Breaking of adiabatic invariance in the creation of particles by electromagnetic backgrounds
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