Evaluation of climate change effects on extreme flows in a catchment of western Iran

Investigation of the relationship between catchment hydrology with climate is essential for understanding of the impact of future climate on hydrological extremes, which may cause frequent flooding, drought, and shortage of water supply. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of climate change on extreme flows in one of the subcatchments of the Ilam dam catchment, Iran. The changes in climate parameters were predicted using the outputs of HadCM3 model for up to the end of the current century in three time periods including 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. For A2 scenario, increases of 1.09°C, 2.03°C, and 3.62°C, and for B2 scenario rises of 1.18°C, 1.84°C, and 2.55°C have been predicted. The results suggest that for A2 scenario, the amount of precipitation would decrease by 12.63, 49.13, and 63.42 and for B2 scenario by 47.02, 48.51, and 70.26 mm per year. Also the values of PET for A2 scenario would increase by 51.18, 101.47 and 108.71 and for B2 scenario by 60.09, 89.86, and 124.32 mm per year. The results of running the SWAT model revealed that the average annual runoff would decrease by 0.11, 0.41, and 0.61 m 3/s and for B2 scenario by 0.39, 0.47, and 0.59 m 3/s. The extreme flows were then analyzed by running WETSPRO model. According to the results, the amounts of low flows for A2 scenario will decrease by 0.02, 0.21 and 0.33 m 3/s and for B2 scenario by 0.19, 0.26 and 0.29 m 3/s in the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s, respectively. On the other hand, the results show an increase of peak flows by 11.5, 19.1 and 48.7 m 3/s in A2 scenario and 11.12, 25.93 and 48.1 m 3/s in B2 scenario, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that an increase in return period leads to elevated levels of high flows and diminished low flows.