Nano-fabrication methods and novel applications of black silicon

[Display omitted] Black silicon is a kind of micro-/nanostructure formed on the surface of silicon, which can greatly reduce light reflection. In this review, five main fabrication techniques of black silicon are introduced and these techniques can change the morphology of the surface of crystalline silicon to a certain extent, thus making the preparation of black silicon more feasible and convenient. The utilization of black silicon is then reviewed. Black silicon has originally been used as a bactericidal to eradicate bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is bound to have more novel applications in the field of sterilization. Black silicon is like a sponge that absorbs light. It can capture almost all sunlight, both visible and infrared light. It also reduces the amount of silicon used in optical sensors, making products cheaper, smaller, and lighter. Due to the above characteristics, black silicon is widely used in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering detection, biomedical sensing, and infrared device manufacturing. It also has the potential to improve the performance of solar cells. This review is intended to serve as a useful introduction to this novel material and its properties, and provide a general overview of recent progress in its main applications.