ACTH, α-MSH, and control of cortisol release : cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptor in Cyprinus carpio
Cortisol release from fish head kidney during the acute phase of the stress response is controlled by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary pars distalis (PD). Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone ({alpha}-MSH) and {beta}-endorphin, from the pars intermedia (PI), have been implic...
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Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology integrative and comparative physiology, 2005-09, Vol.58 (3), p.R814-R826 |
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description | Cortisol release from fish head kidney during the acute phase of the stress response is controlled by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary pars distalis (PD). Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone ({alpha}-MSH) and {beta}-endorphin, from the pars intermedia (PI), have been implicated in cortisol release during the chronic phase. The present study addresses the regulation of cortisol release by ACTH and {alpha}-MSH in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and includes characterization of their receptors, namely, the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptors (MC2R and MC5R). We could not demonstrate corticotropic activity of {alpha}-MSH, {beta}-endorphin, and combinations of these. We do show a corticotrope in the PI, but its identity is as yet uncertain. Carp restrained for 1 and 7 days showed elevated plasma cortisol and {alpha}-MSH levels; cortisol is still elevated but lower at day 7 than day 1 of restraint. Interrenal response capacity is unaffected, as estimated by stimulation with a maximum dose ACTH in a superfusion setup. MC2R and MC5R appear phylogenetically well conserved. MC2R is predominantly expressed in head kidney; a low abundance was found in spleen and kidney. MC5R is expressed in brain, pituitary PD, kidney, and skin. Quantitative PCR analysis of MC2R and MC5R expression in the head kidney of restrained fish reveals MC2R mRNA downregulation after 7 days restraint, in line with lower plasma cortisol levels seen. We discuss regulation of corticosteroid production from a phylogenetic perspective. We propose that increased levels of {alpha}-MSH exert a positive feedback on hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone release to sustain a mild stress axis activity.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
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W ; VAN DEN BURG, Erwin H ; FLIK, Gert</creator><creatorcontrib>METZ, Juriaan R ; GEVEN, Edwin J. W ; VAN DEN BURG, Erwin H ; FLIK, Gert</creatorcontrib><description>Cortisol release from fish head kidney during the acute phase of the stress response is controlled by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary pars distalis (PD). Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone ({alpha}-MSH) and {beta}-endorphin, from the pars intermedia (PI), have been implicated in cortisol release during the chronic phase. The present study addresses the regulation of cortisol release by ACTH and {alpha}-MSH in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and includes characterization of their receptors, namely, the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptors (MC2R and MC5R). We could not demonstrate corticotropic activity of {alpha}-MSH, {beta}-endorphin, and combinations of these. We do show a corticotrope in the PI, but its identity is as yet uncertain. Carp restrained for 1 and 7 days showed elevated plasma cortisol and {alpha}-MSH levels; cortisol is still elevated but lower at day 7 than day 1 of restraint. Interrenal response capacity is unaffected, as estimated by stimulation with a maximum dose ACTH in a superfusion setup. MC2R and MC5R appear phylogenetically well conserved. MC2R is predominantly expressed in head kidney; a low abundance was found in spleen and kidney. MC5R is expressed in brain, pituitary PD, kidney, and skin. Quantitative PCR analysis of MC2R and MC5R expression in the head kidney of restrained fish reveals MC2R mRNA downregulation after 7 days restraint, in line with lower plasma cortisol levels seen. We discuss regulation of corticosteroid production from a phylogenetic perspective. We propose that increased levels of {alpha}-MSH exert a positive feedback on hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone release to sustain a mild stress axis activity.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><identifier>ISSN: 0363-6119</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-1490</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPRDO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society</publisher><subject>Bacteriology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Fish ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene expression ; Hormone metabolism and regulation ; Hormones ; Kidneys ; Microbiology ; Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains ; Pregnancy. Parturition. Lactation ; Stress ; Vertebrates: reproduction</subject><ispartof>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2005-09, Vol.58 (3), p.R814-R826</ispartof><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Physiological Society Sep 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17080804$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>METZ, Juriaan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GEVEN, Edwin J. W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAN DEN BURG, Erwin H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FLIK, Gert</creatorcontrib><title>ACTH, α-MSH, and control of cortisol release : cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptor in Cyprinus carpio</title><title>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</title><description>Cortisol release from fish head kidney during the acute phase of the stress response is controlled by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary pars distalis (PD). Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone ({alpha}-MSH) and {beta}-endorphin, from the pars intermedia (PI), have been implicated in cortisol release during the chronic phase. The present study addresses the regulation of cortisol release by ACTH and {alpha}-MSH in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and includes characterization of their receptors, namely, the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptors (MC2R and MC5R). We could not demonstrate corticotropic activity of {alpha}-MSH, {beta}-endorphin, and combinations of these. We do show a corticotrope in the PI, but its identity is as yet uncertain. Carp restrained for 1 and 7 days showed elevated plasma cortisol and {alpha}-MSH levels; cortisol is still elevated but lower at day 7 than day 1 of restraint. Interrenal response capacity is unaffected, as estimated by stimulation with a maximum dose ACTH in a superfusion setup. MC2R and MC5R appear phylogenetically well conserved. MC2R is predominantly expressed in head kidney; a low abundance was found in spleen and kidney. MC5R is expressed in brain, pituitary PD, kidney, and skin. Quantitative PCR analysis of MC2R and MC5R expression in the head kidney of restrained fish reveals MC2R mRNA downregulation after 7 days restraint, in line with lower plasma cortisol levels seen. We discuss regulation of corticosteroid production from a phylogenetic perspective. We propose that increased levels of {alpha}-MSH exert a positive feedback on hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone release to sustain a mild stress axis activity.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Hormone metabolism and regulation</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains</subject><subject>Pregnancy. Parturition. Lactation</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Vertebrates: reproduction</subject><issn>0363-6119</issn><issn>1522-1490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpVUEtOwzAQtRBIlMIdLCR2jeRfkoZdFQFFKmJB99HUGUMq1w52ItHzcAIuwplwCxs0i3kzevNm3pyQCc-FyLiq2CmZMFnIrOC8OicXMW4ZY0oqOSGfi3q9nNHvr-zpJWVwLdXeDcFb6k2CYehiwgEtQkR6S7X1rnOvMxrxfUSnj_gwZkanh847sBQ_-oAxpuIgMrwh3aEF549yLhNH_r9WnjZo7AcfaOdove9D58ZINYS-85fkzICNePWXp2R9f7eul9nq-eGxXqyyPi9ZpnItdCnRAHLFoJgrZKi4kBuouNFSA7TYGiM2psp5-kfF28oUjKuSy3zeyim5_pXtg0_W4tBs_RiSn9gIUZWcccYS6eaPBFGDNQHSC2KT7t1B2De8ZPMUSv4ALEZ2aQ</recordid><startdate>20050901</startdate><enddate>20050901</enddate><creator>METZ, Juriaan R</creator><creator>GEVEN, Edwin J. W</creator><creator>VAN DEN BURG, Erwin H</creator><creator>FLIK, Gert</creator><general>American Physiological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050901</creationdate><title>ACTH, α-MSH, and control of cortisol release : cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptor in Cyprinus carpio</title><author>METZ, Juriaan R ; GEVEN, Edwin J. W ; VAN DEN BURG, Erwin H ; FLIK, Gert</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p570-45c2c73efae140a684e0e4123ba91fc3caadedff2bf95103691d9f601471358d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Hormone metabolism and regulation</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains</topic><topic>Pregnancy. Parturition. Lactation</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Vertebrates: reproduction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>METZ, Juriaan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GEVEN, Edwin J. W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VAN DEN BURG, Erwin H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FLIK, Gert</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>METZ, Juriaan R</au><au>GEVEN, Edwin J. W</au><au>VAN DEN BURG, Erwin H</au><au>FLIK, Gert</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>ACTH, α-MSH, and control of cortisol release : cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptor in Cyprinus carpio</atitle><jtitle>American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology</jtitle><date>2005-09-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>R814</spage><epage>R826</epage><pages>R814-R826</pages><issn>0363-6119</issn><eissn>1522-1490</eissn><coden>AJPRDO</coden><abstract>Cortisol release from fish head kidney during the acute phase of the stress response is controlled by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary pars distalis (PD). Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone ({alpha}-MSH) and {beta}-endorphin, from the pars intermedia (PI), have been implicated in cortisol release during the chronic phase. The present study addresses the regulation of cortisol release by ACTH and {alpha}-MSH in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and includes characterization of their receptors, namely, the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptors (MC2R and MC5R). We could not demonstrate corticotropic activity of {alpha}-MSH, {beta}-endorphin, and combinations of these. We do show a corticotrope in the PI, but its identity is as yet uncertain. Carp restrained for 1 and 7 days showed elevated plasma cortisol and {alpha}-MSH levels; cortisol is still elevated but lower at day 7 than day 1 of restraint. Interrenal response capacity is unaffected, as estimated by stimulation with a maximum dose ACTH in a superfusion setup. MC2R and MC5R appear phylogenetically well conserved. MC2R is predominantly expressed in head kidney; a low abundance was found in spleen and kidney. MC5R is expressed in brain, pituitary PD, kidney, and skin. Quantitative PCR analysis of MC2R and MC5R expression in the head kidney of restrained fish reveals MC2R mRNA downregulation after 7 days restraint, in line with lower plasma cortisol levels seen. We discuss regulation of corticosteroid production from a phylogenetic perspective. We propose that increased levels of {alpha}-MSH exert a positive feedback on hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone release to sustain a mild stress axis activity.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>American Physiological Society</pub></addata></record> |
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subjects | Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences Fish Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression Hormone metabolism and regulation Hormones Kidneys Microbiology Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains Pregnancy. Parturition. Lactation Stress Vertebrates: reproduction |
title | ACTH, α-MSH, and control of cortisol release : cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptor in Cyprinus carpio |
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