Performance analyses of mixed mode forced convection solar dryer for drying of stevia leaves
•Newly developed solar dryer reduces the drying time of stevia leaves by 62%.•Exergy efficiency of solar dryer and drying process are estimated.•Overall solar dryer efficiency was estimated as 33.5%.•Quality of stevia leaves dried in the solar dryer is better than open sun drying.•Estimated payback...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Solar energy 2019-08, Vol.188, p.507-518 |
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| creator | Lakshmi, D.V.N. Muthukumar, P. Layek, Apurba Nayak, Prakash Kumar |
| description | •Newly developed solar dryer reduces the drying time of stevia leaves by 62%.•Exergy efficiency of solar dryer and drying process are estimated.•Overall solar dryer efficiency was estimated as 33.5%.•Quality of stevia leaves dried in the solar dryer is better than open sun drying.•Estimated payback period of the newly developed dryer is 0.65 yr.
In the present work, experimental investigations carried out on drying of Stevia leaves in a newly developed solar dryer of mixed mode forced convection type (MFSCD) and open sun drying (OSD) are presented. Experiments have been performed under the average solar radiation of 567 W/m2, ambient temperature of 30 °C and drying air flow rate of 0.049 kg/s. The safe (final) moisture content of stevia leaves 0.053 (d.b) has reached in 330 min and 870 min of drying time in MFSCD and OSD, respectively. The overall dryer efficiency and average exergy efficiency of the MFSCD were found as 33.5% and 59.1%, respectively. Quality analyses were carried out for fresh, open sun-dried and solar dried stevia leave samples. It was found that the anti-oxidant and the flavonoids were rich in solar dried samples compared to that of OSD samples. The color preservation is good in solar dried samples compared to OSD. Sensory analysis (flavor, aroma and taste) carried out on stevia leaves indicated that the solar dried stevia leaves provided better score compared to OSD samples. The estimated payback period of the newly developed dryer was found as 0.65 yr. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.009 |
| format | Article |
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In the present work, experimental investigations carried out on drying of Stevia leaves in a newly developed solar dryer of mixed mode forced convection type (MFSCD) and open sun drying (OSD) are presented. Experiments have been performed under the average solar radiation of 567 W/m2, ambient temperature of 30 °C and drying air flow rate of 0.049 kg/s. The safe (final) moisture content of stevia leaves 0.053 (d.b) has reached in 330 min and 870 min of drying time in MFSCD and OSD, respectively. The overall dryer efficiency and average exergy efficiency of the MFSCD were found as 33.5% and 59.1%, respectively. Quality analyses were carried out for fresh, open sun-dried and solar dried stevia leave samples. It was found that the anti-oxidant and the flavonoids were rich in solar dried samples compared to that of OSD samples. The color preservation is good in solar dried samples compared to OSD. Sensory analysis (flavor, aroma and taste) carried out on stevia leaves indicated that the solar dried stevia leaves provided better score compared to OSD samples. The estimated payback period of the newly developed dryer was found as 0.65 yr.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0038-092X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-1257</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.009</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Air flow ; Air temperature ; Ambient temperature ; Antioxidants ; Aroma ; Convection ; Convection modes ; Drying ; Economic analysis ; Exergy ; Flavonoids ; Flavor ; Flow rates ; Flow velocity ; Forced convection ; Mixed mode forced convection solar dryer ; Moisture content ; Oxidizing agents ; Preservation ; Quality analysis ; Sensory analysis ; Sensory evaluation ; Solar dryers ; Solar energy ; Solar radiation ; Stevia drying ; Water content</subject><ispartof>Solar energy, 2019-08, Vol.188, p.507-518</ispartof><rights>2019 International Solar Energy Society</rights><rights>Copyright Pergamon Press Inc. Aug 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-c35ba4e50551622d8df5a9a18453f0ba5d93f78426c8066e272b522b2cf0a653</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-c35ba4e50551622d8df5a9a18453f0ba5d93f78426c8066e272b522b2cf0a653</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5811-6629</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X19305833$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lakshmi, D.V.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muthukumar, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Layek, Apurba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nayak, Prakash Kumar</creatorcontrib><title>Performance analyses of mixed mode forced convection solar dryer for drying of stevia leaves</title><title>Solar energy</title><description>•Newly developed solar dryer reduces the drying time of stevia leaves by 62%.•Exergy efficiency of solar dryer and drying process are estimated.•Overall solar dryer efficiency was estimated as 33.5%.•Quality of stevia leaves dried in the solar dryer is better than open sun drying.•Estimated payback period of the newly developed dryer is 0.65 yr.
In the present work, experimental investigations carried out on drying of Stevia leaves in a newly developed solar dryer of mixed mode forced convection type (MFSCD) and open sun drying (OSD) are presented. Experiments have been performed under the average solar radiation of 567 W/m2, ambient temperature of 30 °C and drying air flow rate of 0.049 kg/s. The safe (final) moisture content of stevia leaves 0.053 (d.b) has reached in 330 min and 870 min of drying time in MFSCD and OSD, respectively. The overall dryer efficiency and average exergy efficiency of the MFSCD were found as 33.5% and 59.1%, respectively. Quality analyses were carried out for fresh, open sun-dried and solar dried stevia leave samples. It was found that the anti-oxidant and the flavonoids were rich in solar dried samples compared to that of OSD samples. The color preservation is good in solar dried samples compared to OSD. Sensory analysis (flavor, aroma and taste) carried out on stevia leaves indicated that the solar dried stevia leaves provided better score compared to OSD samples. The estimated payback period of the newly developed dryer was found as 0.65 yr.</description><subject>Air flow</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Ambient temperature</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Aroma</subject><subject>Convection</subject><subject>Convection modes</subject><subject>Drying</subject><subject>Economic analysis</subject><subject>Exergy</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Flavor</subject><subject>Flow rates</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Forced convection</subject><subject>Mixed mode forced convection solar dryer</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Oxidizing agents</subject><subject>Preservation</subject><subject>Quality analysis</subject><subject>Sensory analysis</subject><subject>Sensory evaluation</subject><subject>Solar dryers</subject><subject>Solar energy</subject><subject>Solar radiation</subject><subject>Stevia drying</subject><subject>Water content</subject><issn>0038-092X</issn><issn>1471-1257</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE9LxDAQxYMouK5-BKHgeeskbZL2JLL4Dxb0sAcPQkjTqaS0zZp0i_vtTdm9e5kZePNmeD9CbimkFKi4b9PgOhzQpwxomYJIAcozsqC5pCvKuDwnC4CsWEHJPi_JVQgtAJW0kAvy9YG-cb7Xg8FED7o7BAyJa5Le_mKd9K7GJOomzsYNE5rRuiGJ_7RPan9AP6vzZIfv2RZGnKxOOtQThmty0egu4M2pL8n2-Wm7fl1t3l_e1o-blclkPsbKK50jB86pYKwu6obrUtMi51kDleZ1mTWyyJkwBQiBTLKKM1Yx04AWPFuSu-PZnXc_ewyjat3exyxBMVZkIAtBZdzixy3jXQgeG7Xzttf-oCiomaNq1YmjmjkqECpyjL6How9jgslGNRiLEVdtfcShamf_ufAHYoV_Nw</recordid><startdate>20190801</startdate><enddate>20190801</enddate><creator>Lakshmi, D.V.N.</creator><creator>Muthukumar, P.</creator><creator>Layek, Apurba</creator><creator>Nayak, Prakash Kumar</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Pergamon Press Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5811-6629</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190801</creationdate><title>Performance analyses of mixed mode forced convection solar dryer for drying of stevia leaves</title><author>Lakshmi, D.V.N. ; Muthukumar, P. ; Layek, Apurba ; Nayak, Prakash Kumar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c374t-c35ba4e50551622d8df5a9a18453f0ba5d93f78426c8066e272b522b2cf0a653</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Air flow</topic><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Ambient temperature</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Aroma</topic><topic>Convection</topic><topic>Convection modes</topic><topic>Drying</topic><topic>Economic analysis</topic><topic>Exergy</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Flavor</topic><topic>Flow rates</topic><topic>Flow velocity</topic><topic>Forced convection</topic><topic>Mixed mode forced convection solar dryer</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Oxidizing agents</topic><topic>Preservation</topic><topic>Quality analysis</topic><topic>Sensory analysis</topic><topic>Sensory evaluation</topic><topic>Solar dryers</topic><topic>Solar energy</topic><topic>Solar radiation</topic><topic>Stevia drying</topic><topic>Water content</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lakshmi, D.V.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muthukumar, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Layek, Apurba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nayak, Prakash Kumar</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Solar energy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lakshmi, D.V.N.</au><au>Muthukumar, P.</au><au>Layek, Apurba</au><au>Nayak, Prakash Kumar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Performance analyses of mixed mode forced convection solar dryer for drying of stevia leaves</atitle><jtitle>Solar energy</jtitle><date>2019-08-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>188</volume><spage>507</spage><epage>518</epage><pages>507-518</pages><issn>0038-092X</issn><eissn>1471-1257</eissn><abstract>•Newly developed solar dryer reduces the drying time of stevia leaves by 62%.•Exergy efficiency of solar dryer and drying process are estimated.•Overall solar dryer efficiency was estimated as 33.5%.•Quality of stevia leaves dried in the solar dryer is better than open sun drying.•Estimated payback period of the newly developed dryer is 0.65 yr.
In the present work, experimental investigations carried out on drying of Stevia leaves in a newly developed solar dryer of mixed mode forced convection type (MFSCD) and open sun drying (OSD) are presented. Experiments have been performed under the average solar radiation of 567 W/m2, ambient temperature of 30 °C and drying air flow rate of 0.049 kg/s. The safe (final) moisture content of stevia leaves 0.053 (d.b) has reached in 330 min and 870 min of drying time in MFSCD and OSD, respectively. The overall dryer efficiency and average exergy efficiency of the MFSCD were found as 33.5% and 59.1%, respectively. Quality analyses were carried out for fresh, open sun-dried and solar dried stevia leave samples. It was found that the anti-oxidant and the flavonoids were rich in solar dried samples compared to that of OSD samples. The color preservation is good in solar dried samples compared to OSD. Sensory analysis (flavor, aroma and taste) carried out on stevia leaves indicated that the solar dried stevia leaves provided better score compared to OSD samples. The estimated payback period of the newly developed dryer was found as 0.65 yr.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.009</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5811-6629</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air flow Air temperature Ambient temperature Antioxidants Aroma Convection Convection modes Drying Economic analysis Exergy Flavonoids Flavor Flow rates Flow velocity Forced convection Mixed mode forced convection solar dryer Moisture content Oxidizing agents Preservation Quality analysis Sensory analysis Sensory evaluation Solar dryers Solar energy Solar radiation Stevia drying Water content |
| title | Performance analyses of mixed mode forced convection solar dryer for drying of stevia leaves |
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