Effect of Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Additives on Lubrication Performance of Propylene Carbonate under Different Electrical Potentials

Three different ionic liquids (ILs), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([OMIm]BF 4 ), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([OMIm]PF 6 ) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([DMIm]PF 6 ), were used as additives in the base ester propylene carbonate (PC) for the lubrication of AISI 4340 steel surfaces. Ball-on-disk friction tests were done under different electrical potentials to investigate the synergetic effect of IL concentration and electrical potential on lubrication performance, and electrochemical and ellipsometric tests were conducted to explore the adsorption of IL additives at different potentials. The friction reduction and anti-wear performance of the tested three IL/PC solutions illustrated similar dependence on electrical potential. In the potential range from −0.6 to +0.6 V, friction coefficient increases rapidly. When the potential is more negative than −0.6 V, friction coefficient is at the lower level of about 0.13. When the potential is greater than +0.6 V, friction coefficient is at the higher level of about 0.2. The electrochemical test results show that [DMIm]PF 6 /PC solution is the lowest in corrosion against AISI 4340 steel among the three tested lubricants. The wear of steel surface in 0.5 mM [DMIm]PF 6 /PC solution is reduced when electrical potential is shifted to −1.0 V comparing with that at open-circuit potential. The potential-dependent friction and wear behaviors are explained in terms of the variation of the adsorbed ion species and the surface concentration of the adsorbed ions under different additive concentration and electrical potential conditions.