Converging Effects of Shrubs on Shadow Dune Formation and Sand Trapping
Shrubs have a patchy distribution under natural conditions. Spacing, as a quantitative parameter used to describe shrub distribution, influences the formation of vegetated aeolian landforms and sand trapping in sandy regions. In this study, the morphology and development of shadow dunes were investi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Earth surface 2019-07, Vol.124 (7), p.1835-1853 |
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| container_title | Journal of geophysical research. Earth surface |
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| creator | Yang, YanYan Liu, LianYou Shi, PeiJun Zhao, MengDi Dai, JiaDong Lyu, YanLi Zhang, GuoMing Zuo, XiYang Jia, QingPan Liu, Yong Liu, Yun |
| description | Shrubs have a patchy distribution under natural conditions. Spacing, as a quantitative parameter used to describe shrub distribution, influences the formation of vegetated aeolian landforms and sand trapping in sandy regions. In this study, the morphology and development of shadow dunes were investigated in a wind tunnel at different wind velocities for three pairs of various‐sized artificial shrubs constructed from live branches and with different spacing patterns. The amount of sand trapped by these shrubs was also measured. With decreasing spacing between two adjacent shrubs, independent dunes, separate dunes that mutually curved toward each other, converging dunes, and coalesced dunes were sequentially observed. Two critical thresholds of shrub spacing were determined, for dune deformation (Td) and dune convergence (Tc). Td and Tc represent the spacings between two adjacent shrubs that result in isolated and independent shadow dunes starting to deform and converge in their tail areas, respectively. The spacing thresholds of shrubs increased with shrub size and decreased with wind velocity. The processes of shadow‐dune development for two adjacent shrubs were classified into three types: separate, separate‐converging, and coalesced. The amount of sand trapped by shrubs at spacings of Td. The converging effects of shrubs on shadow‐dune formation and sand trapping decreased with wind velocity and increased with shrub size. The results suggest that the shadow dune morphology and sand trapping capacity of shrubs are governed by both wind regime and distribution pattern and size of shrubs.
Key Points
Shadow dunes of two adjacent shrubs with independent, separate but curving towards each other, and converging morphologies were observed
Six times difference presented for the amount of sand trapped by shrubs at different spacings
Converging effects of shrubs on shadow dune formation and sand trapping decreased with increasing wind velocity and shrub spacing |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2018JF004695 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
Shadow dunes of two adjacent shrubs with independent, separate but curving towards each other, and converging morphologies were observed
Six times difference presented for the amount of sand trapped by shrubs at different spacings
Converging effects of shrubs on shadow dune formation and sand trapping decreased with increasing wind velocity and shrub spacing</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9003</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9011</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2018JF004695</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Convergence ; Deformation ; Distribution ; Dune formation ; Dunes ; Landforms ; Morphology ; Sand ; sand trapping capacity ; shadow dune morphology ; Shadows ; shrub ; Shrubs ; threshold spacing ; Thresholds ; Trapping ; Velocity ; Wind ; Wind regime ; Wind speed ; Wind tunnels ; Wind velocities</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Earth surface, 2019-07, Vol.124 (7), p.1835-1853</ispartof><rights>2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3303-75908ba35a79241dc2d725d989a5dc51175b2f0afc8c4a5aa790af147a338c743</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a3303-75908ba35a79241dc2d725d989a5dc51175b2f0afc8c4a5aa790af147a338c743</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6547-0343</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2018JF004695$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2018JF004695$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,1414,1430,11501,27911,27912,45561,45562,46396,46455,46820,46879</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yang, YanYan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, LianYou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, PeiJun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, MengDi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, JiaDong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyu, YanLi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, GuoMing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuo, XiYang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, QingPan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yun</creatorcontrib><title>Converging Effects of Shrubs on Shadow Dune Formation and Sand Trapping</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Earth surface</title><description>Shrubs have a patchy distribution under natural conditions. Spacing, as a quantitative parameter used to describe shrub distribution, influences the formation of vegetated aeolian landforms and sand trapping in sandy regions. In this study, the morphology and development of shadow dunes were investigated in a wind tunnel at different wind velocities for three pairs of various‐sized artificial shrubs constructed from live branches and with different spacing patterns. The amount of sand trapped by these shrubs was also measured. With decreasing spacing between two adjacent shrubs, independent dunes, separate dunes that mutually curved toward each other, converging dunes, and coalesced dunes were sequentially observed. Two critical thresholds of shrub spacing were determined, for dune deformation (Td) and dune convergence (Tc). Td and Tc represent the spacings between two adjacent shrubs that result in isolated and independent shadow dunes starting to deform and converge in their tail areas, respectively. The spacing thresholds of shrubs increased with shrub size and decreased with wind velocity. The processes of shadow‐dune development for two adjacent shrubs were classified into three types: separate, separate‐converging, and coalesced. The amount of sand trapped by shrubs at spacings of <Tc was six times greater than that at spacings of >Td. The converging effects of shrubs on shadow‐dune formation and sand trapping decreased with wind velocity and increased with shrub size. The results suggest that the shadow dune morphology and sand trapping capacity of shrubs are governed by both wind regime and distribution pattern and size of shrubs.
Key Points
Shadow dunes of two adjacent shrubs with independent, separate but curving towards each other, and converging morphologies were observed
Six times difference presented for the amount of sand trapped by shrubs at different spacings
Converging effects of shrubs on shadow dune formation and sand trapping decreased with increasing wind velocity and shrub spacing</description><subject>Convergence</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Dune formation</subject><subject>Dunes</subject><subject>Landforms</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Sand</subject><subject>sand trapping capacity</subject><subject>shadow dune morphology</subject><subject>Shadows</subject><subject>shrub</subject><subject>Shrubs</subject><subject>threshold spacing</subject><subject>Thresholds</subject><subject>Trapping</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Wind regime</subject><subject>Wind speed</subject><subject>Wind tunnels</subject><subject>Wind velocities</subject><issn>2169-9003</issn><issn>2169-9011</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kFFLwzAQx4MoOObe_AAFX63mkqZpHmWum2MguPkc0jSZHVtTk9Wxb2_GRHzyHu7-d_z-d3AI3QJ-AEzEI8FQzEuMs1ywCzQgkItUYIDLX43pNRqFsMExijgCMkDTsWu_jF837TqZWGv0PiTOJssP31dRtVGp2h2S5741Sen8Tu2bOFVtnSxPaeVV10XzDbqyahvM6KcO0Xs5WY1n6eJ1-jJ-WqSKUkxTzgQuKkWZ4oJkUGtSc8JqUQjFas0AOKuIxcrqQmeKqYjFBjIe7YXmGR2iu_PezrvP3oS93Ljet_GkJIRTwgHYibo_U9q7ELyxsvPNTvmjBCxP35J_vxVxesYPzdYc_2XlfPpWEsA5pd93smjm</recordid><startdate>201907</startdate><enddate>201907</enddate><creator>Yang, YanYan</creator><creator>Liu, LianYou</creator><creator>Shi, PeiJun</creator><creator>Zhao, MengDi</creator><creator>Dai, JiaDong</creator><creator>Lyu, YanLi</creator><creator>Zhang, GuoMing</creator><creator>Zuo, XiYang</creator><creator>Jia, QingPan</creator><creator>Liu, Yong</creator><creator>Liu, Yun</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6547-0343</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201907</creationdate><title>Converging Effects of Shrubs on Shadow Dune Formation and Sand Trapping</title><author>Yang, YanYan ; Liu, LianYou ; Shi, PeiJun ; Zhao, MengDi ; Dai, JiaDong ; Lyu, YanLi ; Zhang, GuoMing ; Zuo, XiYang ; Jia, QingPan ; Liu, Yong ; Liu, Yun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a3303-75908ba35a79241dc2d725d989a5dc51175b2f0afc8c4a5aa790af147a338c743</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Convergence</topic><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>Dune formation</topic><topic>Dunes</topic><topic>Landforms</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Sand</topic><topic>sand trapping capacity</topic><topic>shadow dune morphology</topic><topic>Shadows</topic><topic>shrub</topic><topic>Shrubs</topic><topic>threshold spacing</topic><topic>Thresholds</topic><topic>Trapping</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Wind</topic><topic>Wind regime</topic><topic>Wind speed</topic><topic>Wind tunnels</topic><topic>Wind velocities</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yang, YanYan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, LianYou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, PeiJun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, MengDi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, JiaDong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyu, YanLi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, GuoMing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuo, XiYang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, QingPan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yun</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Earth surface</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yang, YanYan</au><au>Liu, LianYou</au><au>Shi, PeiJun</au><au>Zhao, MengDi</au><au>Dai, JiaDong</au><au>Lyu, YanLi</au><au>Zhang, GuoMing</au><au>Zuo, XiYang</au><au>Jia, QingPan</au><au>Liu, Yong</au><au>Liu, Yun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Converging Effects of Shrubs on Shadow Dune Formation and Sand Trapping</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Earth surface</jtitle><date>2019-07</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>124</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1835</spage><epage>1853</epage><pages>1835-1853</pages><issn>2169-9003</issn><eissn>2169-9011</eissn><abstract>Shrubs have a patchy distribution under natural conditions. Spacing, as a quantitative parameter used to describe shrub distribution, influences the formation of vegetated aeolian landforms and sand trapping in sandy regions. In this study, the morphology and development of shadow dunes were investigated in a wind tunnel at different wind velocities for three pairs of various‐sized artificial shrubs constructed from live branches and with different spacing patterns. The amount of sand trapped by these shrubs was also measured. With decreasing spacing between two adjacent shrubs, independent dunes, separate dunes that mutually curved toward each other, converging dunes, and coalesced dunes were sequentially observed. Two critical thresholds of shrub spacing were determined, for dune deformation (Td) and dune convergence (Tc). Td and Tc represent the spacings between two adjacent shrubs that result in isolated and independent shadow dunes starting to deform and converge in their tail areas, respectively. The spacing thresholds of shrubs increased with shrub size and decreased with wind velocity. The processes of shadow‐dune development for two adjacent shrubs were classified into three types: separate, separate‐converging, and coalesced. The amount of sand trapped by shrubs at spacings of <Tc was six times greater than that at spacings of >Td. The converging effects of shrubs on shadow‐dune formation and sand trapping decreased with wind velocity and increased with shrub size. The results suggest that the shadow dune morphology and sand trapping capacity of shrubs are governed by both wind regime and distribution pattern and size of shrubs.
Key Points
Shadow dunes of two adjacent shrubs with independent, separate but curving towards each other, and converging morphologies were observed
Six times difference presented for the amount of sand trapped by shrubs at different spacings
Converging effects of shrubs on shadow dune formation and sand trapping decreased with increasing wind velocity and shrub spacing</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2018JF004695</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6547-0343</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of geophysical research. Earth surface, 2019-07, Vol.124 (7), p.1835-1853 |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley Free Content; Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library |
| subjects | Convergence Deformation Distribution Dune formation Dunes Landforms Morphology Sand sand trapping capacity shadow dune morphology Shadows shrub Shrubs threshold spacing Thresholds Trapping Velocity Wind Wind regime Wind speed Wind tunnels Wind velocities |
| title | Converging Effects of Shrubs on Shadow Dune Formation and Sand Trapping |
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