Bacteriological quality assessment of water supply schemes (WSS) of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan
This study investigated physico-chemical and bacteriological contamination in drinking water samples of Mianwali which involves assessment of 115 water supply schemes (WSS) along with determination of drinking water sources which have contributed significantly towards increasing bacteriological cont...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2019-08, Vol.78 (15), p.1-13, Article 458 |
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| creator | Akhtar, Sana Fatima, Rida Soomro, Zamir Ahmad Hussain, Munawar Ahmad, Sajid Rashid Ramzan, Hafiza Sadia |
| description | This study investigated physico-chemical and bacteriological contamination in drinking water samples of Mianwali which involves assessment of 115 water supply schemes (WSS) along with determination of drinking water sources which have contributed significantly towards increasing bacteriological contamination (either ground or tap water source). For this purpose, one sample was collected from ground water; while, two samples were collected from tap water source of each scheme. Rapid Microbiological Testing Kit Method was used to test bacteriological contamination in drinking water samples. Results showed that 71% of the WSS were bacteriologically contaminated with fecal coliform bacteria, thus making overall water quality not suitable for drinking purposes. Water storage tanks used to supply water in 30% of WSS, have also contributed significantly (45%) in exceeding bacteriological contamination. Moreover, results showed that water quality obtained from tap water sources (71%) was more bacteriologically contaminated than ground water sources (41%) obtained from each WSS. Thus, WSS of Mianwali was not regarded safe because they are responsible for 30% bacteriological contamination in water samples. Hence, this study is just in time for the authorities to act immediately, as drinking water quality of Mianwali is gradually getting deteriorated. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-019-8455-1 |
| format | Article |
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For this purpose, one sample was collected from ground water; while, two samples were collected from tap water source of each scheme. Rapid Microbiological Testing Kit Method was used to test bacteriological contamination in drinking water samples. Results showed that 71% of the WSS were bacteriologically contaminated with fecal coliform bacteria, thus making overall water quality not suitable for drinking purposes. Water storage tanks used to supply water in 30% of WSS, have also contributed significantly (45%) in exceeding bacteriological contamination. Moreover, results showed that water quality obtained from tap water sources (71%) was more bacteriologically contaminated than ground water sources (41%) obtained from each WSS. Thus, WSS of Mianwali was not regarded safe because they are responsible for 30% bacteriological contamination in water samples. Hence, this study is just in time for the authorities to act immediately, as drinking water quality of Mianwali is gradually getting deteriorated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-019-8455-1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Bacteria ; Biogeosciences ; Coliforms ; Contamination ; Drinking water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Groundwater ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Just in time ; Organic chemistry ; Original Article ; Pollution sources ; Quality assessment ; Quality control ; Soil contamination ; Storage tanks ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Test procedures ; Water analysis ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Water sampling ; Water shortages ; Water sources ; Water storage ; Water supply ; Water tanks</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2019-08, Vol.78 (15), p.1-13, Article 458</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Environmental Earth Sciences is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-b63a40930d9168ec4f7dd99dd8bac4b32846aff50839438f34332233e097e843</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-b63a40930d9168ec4f7dd99dd8bac4b32846aff50839438f34332233e097e843</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0867-9890</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-019-8455-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-019-8455-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Akhtar, Sana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fatima, Rida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soomro, Zamir Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussain, Munawar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Sajid Rashid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramzan, Hafiza Sadia</creatorcontrib><title>Bacteriological quality assessment of water supply schemes (WSS) of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>This study investigated physico-chemical and bacteriological contamination in drinking water samples of Mianwali which involves assessment of 115 water supply schemes (WSS) along with determination of drinking water sources which have contributed significantly towards increasing bacteriological contamination (either ground or tap water source). For this purpose, one sample was collected from ground water; while, two samples were collected from tap water source of each scheme. Rapid Microbiological Testing Kit Method was used to test bacteriological contamination in drinking water samples. Results showed that 71% of the WSS were bacteriologically contaminated with fecal coliform bacteria, thus making overall water quality not suitable for drinking purposes. Water storage tanks used to supply water in 30% of WSS, have also contributed significantly (45%) in exceeding bacteriological contamination. Moreover, results showed that water quality obtained from tap water sources (71%) was more bacteriologically contaminated than ground water sources (41%) obtained from each WSS. Thus, WSS of Mianwali was not regarded safe because they are responsible for 30% bacteriological contamination in water samples. Hence, this study is just in time for the authorities to act immediately, as drinking water quality of Mianwali is gradually getting deteriorated.</description><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Coliforms</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Just in time</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pollution sources</subject><subject>Quality assessment</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Soil contamination</subject><subject>Storage tanks</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Test procedures</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><subject>Water shortages</subject><subject>Water sources</subject><subject>Water storage</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Water tanks</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1Lw0AQhhdRsNT-AG8LXhRc3a9sd48qfkFFoQVvLptkU1PTJN1JKP33bonoyZnDDMzzvgMvQqeMXjFKp9fAuFIJocwQLZOEsAM0Yloporgxh7-7psdoArCisQQThqoR-rh1WedD2VTNssxchTe9q8puhx2AB1j7usNNgbcuQhj6tq12GLJPv_aAz9_n84v99aV09TbKLvFbX69cGqf7KqFz9Qk6KlwFfvIzx2jxcL-4eyKz18fnu5sZcUKYjqRKOEmNoLlhSvtMFtM8NybPdeoymQqupXJFkVAtjBS6EFIIzoXw1Ey9lmKMzgbbNjSb3kNnV00f6vjRcq44jS15pNhAZaEBCL6wbSjXLuwso3YfpB2CtDFIuw_SsqjhgwYiWy99-HP-X_QNJk90wQ</recordid><startdate>20190801</startdate><enddate>20190801</enddate><creator>Akhtar, Sana</creator><creator>Fatima, Rida</creator><creator>Soomro, Zamir Ahmad</creator><creator>Hussain, Munawar</creator><creator>Ahmad, Sajid Rashid</creator><creator>Ramzan, Hafiza Sadia</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-9890</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190801</creationdate><title>Bacteriological quality assessment of water supply schemes (WSS) of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan</title><author>Akhtar, Sana ; Fatima, Rida ; Soomro, Zamir Ahmad ; Hussain, Munawar ; Ahmad, Sajid Rashid ; Ramzan, Hafiza Sadia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a339t-b63a40930d9168ec4f7dd99dd8bac4b32846aff50839438f34332233e097e843</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Coliforms</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Just in time</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Pollution sources</topic><topic>Quality assessment</topic><topic>Quality control</topic><topic>Soil contamination</topic><topic>Storage tanks</topic><topic>Terrestrial Pollution</topic><topic>Test procedures</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><topic>Water shortages</topic><topic>Water sources</topic><topic>Water storage</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><topic>Water tanks</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Akhtar, Sana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fatima, Rida</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soomro, Zamir Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussain, Munawar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Sajid Rashid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramzan, Hafiza Sadia</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Akhtar, Sana</au><au>Fatima, Rida</au><au>Soomro, Zamir Ahmad</au><au>Hussain, Munawar</au><au>Ahmad, Sajid Rashid</au><au>Ramzan, Hafiza Sadia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Bacteriological quality assessment of water supply schemes (WSS) of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2019-08-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>78</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>13</epage><pages>1-13</pages><artnum>458</artnum><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>This study investigated physico-chemical and bacteriological contamination in drinking water samples of Mianwali which involves assessment of 115 water supply schemes (WSS) along with determination of drinking water sources which have contributed significantly towards increasing bacteriological contamination (either ground or tap water source). For this purpose, one sample was collected from ground water; while, two samples were collected from tap water source of each scheme. Rapid Microbiological Testing Kit Method was used to test bacteriological contamination in drinking water samples. Results showed that 71% of the WSS were bacteriologically contaminated with fecal coliform bacteria, thus making overall water quality not suitable for drinking purposes. Water storage tanks used to supply water in 30% of WSS, have also contributed significantly (45%) in exceeding bacteriological contamination. Moreover, results showed that water quality obtained from tap water sources (71%) was more bacteriologically contaminated than ground water sources (41%) obtained from each WSS. Thus, WSS of Mianwali was not regarded safe because they are responsible for 30% bacteriological contamination in water samples. Hence, this study is just in time for the authorities to act immediately, as drinking water quality of Mianwali is gradually getting deteriorated.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-019-8455-1</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-9890</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bacteria Biogeosciences Coliforms Contamination Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental Science and Engineering Geochemistry Geology Groundwater Hydrology/Water Resources Just in time Organic chemistry Original Article Pollution sources Quality assessment Quality control Soil contamination Storage tanks Terrestrial Pollution Test procedures Water analysis Water pollution Water quality Water sampling Water shortages Water sources Water storage Water supply Water tanks |
| title | Bacteriological quality assessment of water supply schemes (WSS) of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan |
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