Constitutive Models and Determining Methods Effects on Application of Convergence–Confinement Method in Underground Excavation

Stress reduction factor (λ) is an important component in the two-dimensional (2D) analysis of tunnel using convergence–confinement method (CCM). So far, however, there has been little discussion about effective parameters on λ. The aim of this study was to evaluate what the effect of constitutive mo...

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