Human Skin Penetration of Sunscreen Nanoparticles: In-vitro Assessment of a Novel Micronized Zinc Oxide Formulation
The extent to which topically applied solid nanoparticles can penetrate the stratum corneum and access the underlying viable epidermis and the rest of the body is a great potential safety concern. Therefore, human epidermal penetration of a novel, transparent, nanoparticulate zinc oxide sunscreen fo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Skin pharmacology and physiology 2007-01, Vol.20 (3), p.148-154 |
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| container_title | Skin pharmacology and physiology |
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| creator | Cross, Sheree E. Innes, Brian Roberts, Michael S. Tsuzuki, Takuya Robertson, Terry A. McCormick, Paul |
| description | The extent to which topically applied solid nanoparticles can penetrate the stratum corneum and access the underlying viable epidermis and the rest of the body is a great potential safety concern. Therefore, human epidermal penetration of a novel, transparent, nanoparticulate zinc oxide sunscreen formulation was determined using Franz-type diffusion cells, 24-hour exposure and an electron microscopy to verify the location of nanoparticles in exposed membranes. Less than 0.03% of the applied zinc content penetrated the epidermis (not significantly more than the zinc detected in receptor phase following application of a placebo formulation). No particles could be detected in the lower stratum corneum or viable epidermis by electron microscopy, suggesting that minimal nanoparticle penetration occurs through the human epidermis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1159/000098701 |
| format | Article |
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Therefore, human epidermal penetration of a novel, transparent, nanoparticulate zinc oxide sunscreen formulation was determined using Franz-type diffusion cells, 24-hour exposure and an electron microscopy to verify the location of nanoparticles in exposed membranes. Less than 0.03% of the applied zinc content penetrated the epidermis (not significantly more than the zinc detected in receptor phase following application of a placebo formulation). No particles could be detected in the lower stratum corneum or viable epidermis by electron microscopy, suggesting that minimal nanoparticle penetration occurs through the human epidermis.</abstract><cop>Basel, Switzerland</cop><pub>S. Karger AG</pub><pmid>17230054</pmid><doi>10.1159/000098701</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Karger Journals; MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Administration, Cutaneous Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Diffusion Chambers, Culture Epidermis - metabolism Female Humans Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Nanoparticles Organ Culture Techniques Original Paper Particle Size Skin - metabolism Skin Absorption Sunscreening Agents - administration & dosage Sunscreening Agents - chemistry Sunscreening Agents - metabolism Technology, Pharmaceutical - methods Time Factors Zinc Oxide - administration & dosage Zinc Oxide - chemistry Zinc Oxide - metabolism |
| title | Human Skin Penetration of Sunscreen Nanoparticles: In-vitro Assessment of a Novel Micronized Zinc Oxide Formulation |
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