Fuel flexible power stations: Utilisation of ash co-products as additives for NOx emissions control
This work investigated the effects of different ash co-products on the combustion of solid fuels, in particular the fuel-nitrogen behaviour: The fuel-ash additive combinations investigated were: Firstly, biomass ashes added to bituminous coals, representative of those used in power stations; Secondl...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fuel (Guildford) 2019-09, Vol.251, p.800-807 |
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| creator | Birley, R.I. Jones, J.M. Darvell, L.I. Williams, A. Waldron, D.J. Levendis, Y.A. Rokni, E. Panahi, A. |
| description | This work investigated the effects of different ash co-products on the combustion of solid fuels, in particular the fuel-nitrogen behaviour: The fuel-ash additive combinations investigated were: Firstly, biomass ashes added to bituminous coals, representative of those used in power stations; Secondly, a low reactivity coal; Thirdly, a high-N biomass (olive cake) was chosen as a high reactivity fuel and studied with a power-station pulverised coal fly ash as an additive. These five solid fuels have a wide fuel ratio, FR (i.e. the ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter content). The ash additives were a pulverised fly ash (PFA) and a furnace bottom ash (FBA) from wood pellet combustion in a UK power station. Fuels (with and without additives) were studied for nitrogen partitioning during (i) devolatilisation and for (ii) NOx formation during combustion, using two different electrically heated drop tube furnaces (DTF) operating at 1373 K. Devolatilisation was also studied via ballistic-heated thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extent of impact of additives on volatile yield under devolatilisation conditions was dependent on fuel ratio, high FR has the greatest increase in volatile release when co-feeding the additive. Under devolatilisation conditions, there is a correlation between volatile nitrogen and carbon conversion for all the fuels tested. Thus, additives liberate more volatile-nitrogen from the coals and also deliver enhanced carbon conversion. A mechanism is proposed whereby ultra-fine particles and vapours of reactive compounds from the additives interact with the reacting fuel/char particle and influence N-release during both devolatilisation and char burn-out. The enhanced conversion of fuel-nitrogen to volatile-nitrogen and the reduction of char-nitrogen can lead to reductions of NOx emissions in emissions-controlled furnaces. This approach could assist fuel-flexible power stations in achieving their NOx emission targets. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.002 |
| format | Article |
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These five solid fuels have a wide fuel ratio, FR (i.e. the ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter content). The ash additives were a pulverised fly ash (PFA) and a furnace bottom ash (FBA) from wood pellet combustion in a UK power station. Fuels (with and without additives) were studied for nitrogen partitioning during (i) devolatilisation and for (ii) NOx formation during combustion, using two different electrically heated drop tube furnaces (DTF) operating at 1373 K. Devolatilisation was also studied via ballistic-heated thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extent of impact of additives on volatile yield under devolatilisation conditions was dependent on fuel ratio, high FR has the greatest increase in volatile release when co-feeding the additive. Under devolatilisation conditions, there is a correlation between volatile nitrogen and carbon conversion for all the fuels tested. Thus, additives liberate more volatile-nitrogen from the coals and also deliver enhanced carbon conversion. A mechanism is proposed whereby ultra-fine particles and vapours of reactive compounds from the additives interact with the reacting fuel/char particle and influence N-release during both devolatilisation and char burn-out. The enhanced conversion of fuel-nitrogen to volatile-nitrogen and the reduction of char-nitrogen can lead to reductions of NOx emissions in emissions-controlled furnaces. This approach could assist fuel-flexible power stations in achieving their NOx emission targets.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0016-2361</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7153</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.002</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Additives ; Ashes ; Biomass ; Bituminous coal ; Burnout ; Carbon ; Carbon conversion ; Co-combustion ; Coal combustion ; Combustion ; Conversion ; Emissions ; Emissions control ; Fly ash ; Fuels ; Furnaces ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen oxides ; Nitrogen partitioning ; NOx ; Power plants ; Pulverized coal ; Solid fuels ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Tube furnaces ; Wood</subject><ispartof>Fuel (Guildford), 2019-09, Vol.251, p.800-807</ispartof><rights>2019 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Sep 1, 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-5aee14b85cb6be43cdbb019d9ee215d06a62cb9c6b0fae15162d5fc9760bdc6d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-5aee14b85cb6be43cdbb019d9ee215d06a62cb9c6b0fae15162d5fc9760bdc6d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236119305496$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Birley, R.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darvell, L.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waldron, D.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levendis, Y.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rokni, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panahi, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Fuel flexible power stations: Utilisation of ash co-products as additives for NOx emissions control</title><title>Fuel (Guildford)</title><description>This work investigated the effects of different ash co-products on the combustion of solid fuels, in particular the fuel-nitrogen behaviour: The fuel-ash additive combinations investigated were: Firstly, biomass ashes added to bituminous coals, representative of those used in power stations; Secondly, a low reactivity coal; Thirdly, a high-N biomass (olive cake) was chosen as a high reactivity fuel and studied with a power-station pulverised coal fly ash as an additive. These five solid fuels have a wide fuel ratio, FR (i.e. the ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter content). The ash additives were a pulverised fly ash (PFA) and a furnace bottom ash (FBA) from wood pellet combustion in a UK power station. Fuels (with and without additives) were studied for nitrogen partitioning during (i) devolatilisation and for (ii) NOx formation during combustion, using two different electrically heated drop tube furnaces (DTF) operating at 1373 K. Devolatilisation was also studied via ballistic-heated thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extent of impact of additives on volatile yield under devolatilisation conditions was dependent on fuel ratio, high FR has the greatest increase in volatile release when co-feeding the additive. Under devolatilisation conditions, there is a correlation between volatile nitrogen and carbon conversion for all the fuels tested. Thus, additives liberate more volatile-nitrogen from the coals and also deliver enhanced carbon conversion. A mechanism is proposed whereby ultra-fine particles and vapours of reactive compounds from the additives interact with the reacting fuel/char particle and influence N-release during both devolatilisation and char burn-out. The enhanced conversion of fuel-nitrogen to volatile-nitrogen and the reduction of char-nitrogen can lead to reductions of NOx emissions in emissions-controlled furnaces. This approach could assist fuel-flexible power stations in achieving their NOx emission targets.</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Ashes</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Bituminous coal</subject><subject>Burnout</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon conversion</subject><subject>Co-combustion</subject><subject>Coal combustion</subject><subject>Combustion</subject><subject>Conversion</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Emissions control</subject><subject>Fly ash</subject><subject>Fuels</subject><subject>Furnaces</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen oxides</subject><subject>Nitrogen partitioning</subject><subject>NOx</subject><subject>Power plants</subject><subject>Pulverized coal</subject><subject>Solid fuels</subject><subject>Thermogravimetric analysis</subject><subject>Tube furnaces</subject><subject>Wood</subject><issn>0016-2361</issn><issn>1873-7153</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMFOwzAQRC0EEqXwA5wscU6wHcdJEBdUUUCq6IWerdjeCEdpXWynwN_jUM6cViPN250dhK4pySmh4rbPuxGGnBHa5ITnhLATNKN1VWQVLYtTNCPJlbFC0HN0EUJPCKnqks-QXiYOdwN8WTUA3rtP8DjENlq3C3d4E-1gw6_CrsNteMfaZXvvzKhjSBq3xthoDxBw5zx-XX9h2NoQJjxZd9G74RKdde0Q4OpvztFm-fi2eM5W66eXxcMq05w0MStbAMpVXWolFPBCG6XSP6YBYLQ0RLSCadVooUjXAi2pYKbsdFMJoowWppijm-PelO9jhBBl70a_SyclY5xTXheUJhc7urR3IXjo5N7bbeu_JSVyKlP2cipTTmVKwmUqM0H3RwhS_oMFL4O2sNNgrAcdpXH2P_wHhtJ_mw</recordid><startdate>20190901</startdate><enddate>20190901</enddate><creator>Birley, R.I.</creator><creator>Jones, J.M.</creator><creator>Darvell, L.I.</creator><creator>Williams, A.</creator><creator>Waldron, D.J.</creator><creator>Levendis, Y.A.</creator><creator>Rokni, E.</creator><creator>Panahi, A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190901</creationdate><title>Fuel flexible power stations: Utilisation of ash co-products as additives for NOx emissions control</title><author>Birley, R.I. ; Jones, J.M. ; Darvell, L.I. ; Williams, A. ; Waldron, D.J. ; Levendis, Y.A. ; Rokni, E. ; Panahi, A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-5aee14b85cb6be43cdbb019d9ee215d06a62cb9c6b0fae15162d5fc9760bdc6d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Ashes</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Bituminous coal</topic><topic>Burnout</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon conversion</topic><topic>Co-combustion</topic><topic>Coal combustion</topic><topic>Combustion</topic><topic>Conversion</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Emissions control</topic><topic>Fly ash</topic><topic>Fuels</topic><topic>Furnaces</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen oxides</topic><topic>Nitrogen partitioning</topic><topic>NOx</topic><topic>Power plants</topic><topic>Pulverized coal</topic><topic>Solid fuels</topic><topic>Thermogravimetric analysis</topic><topic>Tube furnaces</topic><topic>Wood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Birley, R.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darvell, L.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waldron, D.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levendis, Y.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rokni, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panahi, A.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Fuel (Guildford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Birley, R.I.</au><au>Jones, J.M.</au><au>Darvell, L.I.</au><au>Williams, A.</au><au>Waldron, D.J.</au><au>Levendis, Y.A.</au><au>Rokni, E.</au><au>Panahi, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fuel flexible power stations: Utilisation of ash co-products as additives for NOx emissions control</atitle><jtitle>Fuel (Guildford)</jtitle><date>2019-09-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>251</volume><spage>800</spage><epage>807</epage><pages>800-807</pages><issn>0016-2361</issn><eissn>1873-7153</eissn><abstract>This work investigated the effects of different ash co-products on the combustion of solid fuels, in particular the fuel-nitrogen behaviour: The fuel-ash additive combinations investigated were: Firstly, biomass ashes added to bituminous coals, representative of those used in power stations; Secondly, a low reactivity coal; Thirdly, a high-N biomass (olive cake) was chosen as a high reactivity fuel and studied with a power-station pulverised coal fly ash as an additive. These five solid fuels have a wide fuel ratio, FR (i.e. the ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter content). The ash additives were a pulverised fly ash (PFA) and a furnace bottom ash (FBA) from wood pellet combustion in a UK power station. Fuels (with and without additives) were studied for nitrogen partitioning during (i) devolatilisation and for (ii) NOx formation during combustion, using two different electrically heated drop tube furnaces (DTF) operating at 1373 K. Devolatilisation was also studied via ballistic-heated thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extent of impact of additives on volatile yield under devolatilisation conditions was dependent on fuel ratio, high FR has the greatest increase in volatile release when co-feeding the additive. Under devolatilisation conditions, there is a correlation between volatile nitrogen and carbon conversion for all the fuels tested. Thus, additives liberate more volatile-nitrogen from the coals and also deliver enhanced carbon conversion. A mechanism is proposed whereby ultra-fine particles and vapours of reactive compounds from the additives interact with the reacting fuel/char particle and influence N-release during both devolatilisation and char burn-out. The enhanced conversion of fuel-nitrogen to volatile-nitrogen and the reduction of char-nitrogen can lead to reductions of NOx emissions in emissions-controlled furnaces. This approach could assist fuel-flexible power stations in achieving their NOx emission targets.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.002</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Fuel (Guildford), 2019-09, Vol.251, p.800-807 |
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| subjects | Additives Ashes Biomass Bituminous coal Burnout Carbon Carbon conversion Co-combustion Coal combustion Combustion Conversion Emissions Emissions control Fly ash Fuels Furnaces Nitrogen Nitrogen oxides Nitrogen partitioning NOx Power plants Pulverized coal Solid fuels Thermogravimetric analysis Tube furnaces Wood |
| title | Fuel flexible power stations: Utilisation of ash co-products as additives for NOx emissions control |
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