Efficient somatic and germline genome engineering of Bactrocera dorsalis by the CRISPR/Cas9 system

BACKGROUND Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a very destructive insect pest of many fruits and vegetables, is widespread in many Asian countries. To facilitate control of this pest, it is essential to investigate its genetics and gene function using targeted gene disruption. RESULTS Here, we describe successful targeted mutagenesis of the white and transformer genes in B. dorsalis through use of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Co‐injection of the white sgRNA and Cas9 mRNA into B. dorsalis embryos caused eye color change, and the white mutations in the germline were heritable. CRISPR‐mediated knockout of the sex determination gene transformer (tra) in B. dorsalis resulted in a male‐biased sex ratio and adult flies with abnormal outer and interior reproductive organs. Small indels and substitutions were induced by CRIRPR for both genes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that somatic and germline genome engineering of the pest B. dorsalis can be performed efficiently using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, opening the door to the use of the CRISPR‐mediated method for functional annotations of genes in B. dorsalis and for its population control using, for example, such as gene drive. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry CRISPR‐mediated mutagenesis in white and transformer of Bactrocera dorsalis causes abnormal development of eye color and reproductive organs, suggesting potential applications of CRISPR in its genome annotations and pest control.