International and national climate policies for aviation: a review
Aviation constitutes about 2.5% of all energy-related CO 2 emissions and in addition there are non-CO 2 effects. In 2016, the ICAO decided to implement a Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and in 2017 the EU decided on faster emission reductions in its Emissio...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Climate policy 2019-07, Vol.19 (6), p.787-799 |
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| creator | Larsson, Jörgen Elofsson, Anna Sterner, Thomas Åkerman, Jonas |
| description | Aviation constitutes about 2.5% of all energy-related CO
2
emissions and in addition there are non-CO
2
effects. In 2016, the ICAO decided to implement a Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and in 2017 the EU decided on faster emission reductions in its Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which since 2012 includes the aviation sector. The effects of these policies on the expected development of air travel emissions from 2017 to 2030 have been analyzed. For the sample country Sweden, the analysis shows that when emissions reductions in other sectors are attributed to the aviation sector as a result of the EU ETS and CORSIA, carbon emissions are expected to reduce by −0.8% per year (however if non-CO
2
emissions are included in the analysis, then emissions will increase). This is much less than what is needed to achieve the 2°C target. Our analysis of potential national aviation policy instruments shows that there are legally feasible options that could mitigate emissions in addition to the EU ETS and CORSIA. Distance-based air passenger taxes are common among EU Member States and through increased ticket prices these taxes can reduce demand for air travel and thus reduce emissions. Tax on jet fuel is an option for domestic aviation and for international aviation if bilateral agreements are concluded. A quota obligation for biofuels is a third option.
Key policy insights
Existing international climate policies for aviation will not deliver any major emission reductions.
Policymakers who want to significantly push the aviation sector to contribute to meeting the 2°C target need to work towards putting in place tougher international policy instruments in the long term, and simultaneously implement temporary national policy instruments in the near-term.
Distance-based air passenger taxes, carbon taxes on jet fuel and quota obligations for biofuels are available national policy options; if they are gradually increased, and harmonized with other countries, they can help to significantly reduce emissions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/14693062.2018.1562871 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_econi</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2227435383</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2227435383</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-a9f4a43218488e90d9af8d9d5c4257c8ee1ef96bf1a816557371ddced6c6ce553</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUtv1DAUhSMEEmXgJyBFYp3Bvn6zorQ8KlViwWNruc71jEsmDnamo_57PE0pKyov7Gt_51zbp2leU7KmRJO3lEvDiIQ1EKrXVEjQij5pTqgS0Cku1NO6rkx3hJ43L0q5JoRKw9lJ8-FinDGPbo5pdEPrxr59KPwQd27GdkpD9BFLG1Ju3U28O3_XujbjTcTDy-ZZcEPBV_fzqvnx6eP3sy_d5dfPF2enl52XoObOmcAdZ0A11xoN6Y0Luje98ByE8hqRYjDyKlCnqRRCMUX73mMvvfQoBFs13xbfcsBpf2WnXK-Xb21y0WYs6LLfWr91ww5zsQUtBMIMeLA9ULA8BGE1qlo6R6X2gkEdq6b7r-tmP9m6tdnfuSlpgD3Kn8efpzbljf01by0IMPURq-bNwk85_d5jme112tcPH4oFAMWZYProKhbK51RKxvDgS4k9hmz_hmyPIdv7kKuuXXTo0xjLP5U0AiRRwCvyfkHiWPPbuUPKQ29ndzukHLIbfZWxx7v8AZb3uJo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2227435383</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>International and national climate policies for aviation: a review</title><source>PAIS Index</source><source>SWEPUB Freely available online</source><source>Taylor & Francis:Master (3349 titles)</source><creator>Larsson, Jörgen ; Elofsson, Anna ; Sterner, Thomas ; Åkerman, Jonas</creator><creatorcontrib>Larsson, Jörgen ; Elofsson, Anna ; Sterner, Thomas ; Åkerman, Jonas</creatorcontrib><description>Aviation constitutes about 2.5% of all energy-related CO
2
emissions and in addition there are non-CO
2
effects. In 2016, the ICAO decided to implement a Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and in 2017 the EU decided on faster emission reductions in its Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which since 2012 includes the aviation sector. The effects of these policies on the expected development of air travel emissions from 2017 to 2030 have been analyzed. For the sample country Sweden, the analysis shows that when emissions reductions in other sectors are attributed to the aviation sector as a result of the EU ETS and CORSIA, carbon emissions are expected to reduce by −0.8% per year (however if non-CO
2
emissions are included in the analysis, then emissions will increase). This is much less than what is needed to achieve the 2°C target. Our analysis of potential national aviation policy instruments shows that there are legally feasible options that could mitigate emissions in addition to the EU ETS and CORSIA. Distance-based air passenger taxes are common among EU Member States and through increased ticket prices these taxes can reduce demand for air travel and thus reduce emissions. Tax on jet fuel is an option for domestic aviation and for international aviation if bilateral agreements are concluded. A quota obligation for biofuels is a third option.
Key policy insights
Existing international climate policies for aviation will not deliver any major emission reductions.
Policymakers who want to significantly push the aviation sector to contribute to meeting the 2°C target need to work towards putting in place tougher international policy instruments in the long term, and simultaneously implement temporary national policy instruments in the near-term.
Distance-based air passenger taxes, carbon taxes on jet fuel and quota obligations for biofuels are available national policy options; if they are gradually increased, and harmonized with other countries, they can help to significantly reduce emissions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1469-3062</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1752-7457</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1752-7457</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2018.1562871</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Agreements ; Air ; Air transportation ; Air travel ; Aircraft ; Aviation ; Aviation emissions ; Aviation fuel ; Bilateral agreements ; Biodiesel fuels ; Biofuels ; Biomass ; Carbon ; carbon credits ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Carbon emissions ; Carbon offsets ; carbon tax ; Climate ; Climate policy ; Distance ; Economics ; Emissions ; Emissions control ; Emissions trading ; Environmental policy ; Environmental tax ; Foreign policy ; Harmonization ; Instruments ; International policies ; International policy ; Jet engine fuels ; Nationalekonomi ; Obligations ; Passengers ; Policies ; policy instruments ; Policy making ; Prices ; Taxation ; Taxes ; Travel ; Work</subject><ispartof>Climate policy, 2019-07, Vol.19 (6), p.787-799</ispartof><rights>2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2019</rights><rights>2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-a9f4a43218488e90d9af8d9d5c4257c8ee1ef96bf1a816557371ddced6c6ce553</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-a9f4a43218488e90d9af8d9d5c4257c8ee1ef96bf1a816557371ddced6c6ce553</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9527-2137 ; 0000-0002-7376-5499</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2018.1562871$$EPDF$$P50$$Ginformaworld$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14693062.2018.1562871$$EHTML$$P50$$Ginformaworld$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,553,781,785,886,27868,27926,27927,59649,60438</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252957$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/276923$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://research.chalmers.se/publication/510671$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Larsson, Jörgen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elofsson, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sterner, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Åkerman, Jonas</creatorcontrib><title>International and national climate policies for aviation: a review</title><title>Climate policy</title><description>Aviation constitutes about 2.5% of all energy-related CO
2
emissions and in addition there are non-CO
2
effects. In 2016, the ICAO decided to implement a Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and in 2017 the EU decided on faster emission reductions in its Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which since 2012 includes the aviation sector. The effects of these policies on the expected development of air travel emissions from 2017 to 2030 have been analyzed. For the sample country Sweden, the analysis shows that when emissions reductions in other sectors are attributed to the aviation sector as a result of the EU ETS and CORSIA, carbon emissions are expected to reduce by −0.8% per year (however if non-CO
2
emissions are included in the analysis, then emissions will increase). This is much less than what is needed to achieve the 2°C target. Our analysis of potential national aviation policy instruments shows that there are legally feasible options that could mitigate emissions in addition to the EU ETS and CORSIA. Distance-based air passenger taxes are common among EU Member States and through increased ticket prices these taxes can reduce demand for air travel and thus reduce emissions. Tax on jet fuel is an option for domestic aviation and for international aviation if bilateral agreements are concluded. A quota obligation for biofuels is a third option.
Key policy insights
Existing international climate policies for aviation will not deliver any major emission reductions.
Policymakers who want to significantly push the aviation sector to contribute to meeting the 2°C target need to work towards putting in place tougher international policy instruments in the long term, and simultaneously implement temporary national policy instruments in the near-term.
Distance-based air passenger taxes, carbon taxes on jet fuel and quota obligations for biofuels are available national policy options; if they are gradually increased, and harmonized with other countries, they can help to significantly reduce emissions.</description><subject>Agreements</subject><subject>Air</subject><subject>Air transportation</subject><subject>Air travel</subject><subject>Aircraft</subject><subject>Aviation</subject><subject>Aviation emissions</subject><subject>Aviation fuel</subject><subject>Bilateral agreements</subject><subject>Biodiesel fuels</subject><subject>Biofuels</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>carbon credits</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Carbon emissions</subject><subject>Carbon offsets</subject><subject>carbon tax</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate policy</subject><subject>Distance</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Emissions control</subject><subject>Emissions trading</subject><subject>Environmental policy</subject><subject>Environmental tax</subject><subject>Foreign policy</subject><subject>Harmonization</subject><subject>Instruments</subject><subject>International policies</subject><subject>International policy</subject><subject>Jet engine fuels</subject><subject>Nationalekonomi</subject><subject>Obligations</subject><subject>Passengers</subject><subject>Policies</subject><subject>policy instruments</subject><subject>Policy making</subject><subject>Prices</subject><subject>Taxation</subject><subject>Taxes</subject><subject>Travel</subject><subject>Work</subject><issn>1469-3062</issn><issn>1752-7457</issn><issn>1752-7457</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>0YH</sourceid><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtv1DAUhSMEEmXgJyBFYp3Bvn6zorQ8KlViwWNruc71jEsmDnamo_57PE0pKyov7Gt_51zbp2leU7KmRJO3lEvDiIQ1EKrXVEjQij5pTqgS0Cku1NO6rkx3hJ43L0q5JoRKw9lJ8-FinDGPbo5pdEPrxr59KPwQd27GdkpD9BFLG1Ju3U28O3_XujbjTcTDy-ZZcEPBV_fzqvnx6eP3sy_d5dfPF2enl52XoObOmcAdZ0A11xoN6Y0Luje98ByE8hqRYjDyKlCnqRRCMUX73mMvvfQoBFs13xbfcsBpf2WnXK-Xb21y0WYs6LLfWr91ww5zsQUtBMIMeLA9ULA8BGE1qlo6R6X2gkEdq6b7r-tmP9m6tdnfuSlpgD3Kn8efpzbljf01by0IMPURq-bNwk85_d5jme112tcPH4oFAMWZYProKhbK51RKxvDgS4k9hmz_hmyPIdv7kKuuXXTo0xjLP5U0AiRRwCvyfkHiWPPbuUPKQ29ndzukHLIbfZWxx7v8AZb3uJo</recordid><startdate>20190703</startdate><enddate>20190703</enddate><creator>Larsson, Jörgen</creator><creator>Elofsson, Anna</creator><creator>Sterner, Thomas</creator><creator>Åkerman, Jonas</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Taylor & Francis Ltd</general><scope>0YH</scope><scope>OQ6</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><scope>D8V</scope><scope>F1U</scope><scope>ABBSD</scope><scope>D8T</scope><scope>F1S</scope><scope>ZZAVC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-2137</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-5499</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190703</creationdate><title>International and national climate policies for aviation: a review</title><author>Larsson, Jörgen ; Elofsson, Anna ; Sterner, Thomas ; Åkerman, Jonas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-a9f4a43218488e90d9af8d9d5c4257c8ee1ef96bf1a816557371ddced6c6ce553</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Agreements</topic><topic>Air</topic><topic>Air transportation</topic><topic>Air travel</topic><topic>Aircraft</topic><topic>Aviation</topic><topic>Aviation emissions</topic><topic>Aviation fuel</topic><topic>Bilateral agreements</topic><topic>Biodiesel fuels</topic><topic>Biofuels</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>carbon credits</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide emissions</topic><topic>Carbon emissions</topic><topic>Carbon offsets</topic><topic>carbon tax</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate policy</topic><topic>Distance</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Emissions control</topic><topic>Emissions trading</topic><topic>Environmental policy</topic><topic>Environmental tax</topic><topic>Foreign policy</topic><topic>Harmonization</topic><topic>Instruments</topic><topic>International policies</topic><topic>International policy</topic><topic>Jet engine fuels</topic><topic>Nationalekonomi</topic><topic>Obligations</topic><topic>Passengers</topic><topic>Policies</topic><topic>policy instruments</topic><topic>Policy making</topic><topic>Prices</topic><topic>Taxation</topic><topic>Taxes</topic><topic>Travel</topic><topic>Work</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Larsson, Jörgen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elofsson, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sterner, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Åkerman, Jonas</creatorcontrib><collection>Taylor & Francis Open Access</collection><collection>ECONIS</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan</collection><collection>SWEPUB Göteborgs universitet</collection><collection>SWEPUB Chalmers tekniska högskola full text</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SWEPUB Chalmers tekniska högskola</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><jtitle>Climate policy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Larsson, Jörgen</au><au>Elofsson, Anna</au><au>Sterner, Thomas</au><au>Åkerman, Jonas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>International and national climate policies for aviation: a review</atitle><jtitle>Climate policy</jtitle><date>2019-07-03</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>787</spage><epage>799</epage><pages>787-799</pages><issn>1469-3062</issn><issn>1752-7457</issn><eissn>1752-7457</eissn><abstract>Aviation constitutes about 2.5% of all energy-related CO
2
emissions and in addition there are non-CO
2
effects. In 2016, the ICAO decided to implement a Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and in 2017 the EU decided on faster emission reductions in its Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which since 2012 includes the aviation sector. The effects of these policies on the expected development of air travel emissions from 2017 to 2030 have been analyzed. For the sample country Sweden, the analysis shows that when emissions reductions in other sectors are attributed to the aviation sector as a result of the EU ETS and CORSIA, carbon emissions are expected to reduce by −0.8% per year (however if non-CO
2
emissions are included in the analysis, then emissions will increase). This is much less than what is needed to achieve the 2°C target. Our analysis of potential national aviation policy instruments shows that there are legally feasible options that could mitigate emissions in addition to the EU ETS and CORSIA. Distance-based air passenger taxes are common among EU Member States and through increased ticket prices these taxes can reduce demand for air travel and thus reduce emissions. Tax on jet fuel is an option for domestic aviation and for international aviation if bilateral agreements are concluded. A quota obligation for biofuels is a third option.
Key policy insights
Existing international climate policies for aviation will not deliver any major emission reductions.
Policymakers who want to significantly push the aviation sector to contribute to meeting the 2°C target need to work towards putting in place tougher international policy instruments in the long term, and simultaneously implement temporary national policy instruments in the near-term.
Distance-based air passenger taxes, carbon taxes on jet fuel and quota obligations for biofuels are available national policy options; if they are gradually increased, and harmonized with other countries, they can help to significantly reduce emissions.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><doi>10.1080/14693062.2018.1562871</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-2137</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-5499</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1469-3062 |
| ispartof | Climate policy, 2019-07, Vol.19 (6), p.787-799 |
| issn | 1469-3062 1752-7457 1752-7457 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2227435383 |
| source | PAIS Index; SWEPUB Freely available online; Taylor & Francis:Master (3349 titles) |
| subjects | Agreements Air Air transportation Air travel Aircraft Aviation Aviation emissions Aviation fuel Bilateral agreements Biodiesel fuels Biofuels Biomass Carbon carbon credits Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon emissions Carbon offsets carbon tax Climate Climate policy Distance Economics Emissions Emissions control Emissions trading Environmental policy Environmental tax Foreign policy Harmonization Instruments International policies International policy Jet engine fuels Nationalekonomi Obligations Passengers Policies policy instruments Policy making Prices Taxation Taxes Travel Work |
| title | International and national climate policies for aviation: a review |
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