Lift-Off of Surface Oxides During Galvanizing of a Dual-Phase Steel in a Galvannealing Bath
Focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the interfacial structure of a dual-phase steel after galvanizing in a galvannealing bath with a dissolved aluminum concentration of 0.125 wt pct. Improved specimen preparation overcame preferential milling d...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2019-08, Vol.50 (8), p.3748-3757 |
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| container_title | Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science |
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| creator | Chen, K. F. Aslam, I. Li, B. Martens, R. L. Goodwin, J. R. Goodwin, F. E. Horstemeyer, M. F. |
| description | Focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the interfacial structure of a dual-phase steel after galvanizing in a galvannealing bath with a dissolved aluminum concentration of 0.125 wt pct. Improved specimen preparation overcame preferential milling difficulties so that the interface region of the zinc-coated steel specimen was well preserved. The results show that the surface MnO oxide, a product of heat treating prior to galvanizing, was lifted off the surface of the substrate and subsequently entrapped in the Zn-Fe phase during galvanizing. A discontinuous inhibition layer was formed directly on top of the substrate. In regions where the inhibition layer was absent, Zn-Fe crystals grew directly on top of the substrate. This behavior significantly differs from the parallel study in which a DP steel was galvanized in a Zn bath with a higher Al concentration, where no lift-off of the MnO oxide was observed and the inhibition layer grew directly on top of the MnO oxide film. Possible mechanisms that are responsible for these significant differences were discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11661-019-05276-z |
| format | Article |
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F. ; Aslam, I. ; Li, B. ; Martens, R. L. ; Goodwin, J. R. ; Goodwin, F. E. ; Horstemeyer, M. F.</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, K. F. ; Aslam, I. ; Li, B. ; Martens, R. L. ; Goodwin, J. R. ; Goodwin, F. E. ; Horstemeyer, M. F.</creatorcontrib><description>Focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the interfacial structure of a dual-phase steel after galvanizing in a galvannealing bath with a dissolved aluminum concentration of 0.125 wt pct. Improved specimen preparation overcame preferential milling difficulties so that the interface region of the zinc-coated steel specimen was well preserved. The results show that the surface MnO oxide, a product of heat treating prior to galvanizing, was lifted off the surface of the substrate and subsequently entrapped in the Zn-Fe phase during galvanizing. A discontinuous inhibition layer was formed directly on top of the substrate. In regions where the inhibition layer was absent, Zn-Fe crystals grew directly on top of the substrate. This behavior significantly differs from the parallel study in which a DP steel was galvanized in a Zn bath with a higher Al concentration, where no lift-off of the MnO oxide was observed and the inhibition layer grew directly on top of the MnO oxide film. Possible mechanisms that are responsible for these significant differences were discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1073-5623</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-1940</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11661-019-05276-z</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Aluminum ; Annealing ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Dual phase steels ; Duplex stainless steels ; Galvanizing ; Heat treating ; Ion beams ; Liftoff ; Manganese oxides ; Materials Science ; Metallic Materials ; Nanotechnology ; Oxide coatings ; Specimen preparation ; Steel products ; Steel structures ; Structural Materials ; Substrate inhibition ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Thin Films ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Zinc coatings</subject><ispartof>Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2019-08, Vol.50 (8), p.3748-3757</ispartof><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2019</rights><rights>Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-500a111d90e5db83f16de8839fc8adfcd01d9aa57cf80e7d40ee697b34c5733</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-500a111d90e5db83f16de8839fc8adfcd01d9aa57cf80e7d40ee697b34c5733</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11661-019-05276-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11661-019-05276-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, K. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aslam, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martens, R. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodwin, J. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodwin, F. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horstemeyer, M. F.</creatorcontrib><title>Lift-Off of Surface Oxides During Galvanizing of a Dual-Phase Steel in a Galvannealing Bath</title><title>Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science</title><addtitle>Metall Mater Trans A</addtitle><description>Focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the interfacial structure of a dual-phase steel after galvanizing in a galvannealing bath with a dissolved aluminum concentration of 0.125 wt pct. Improved specimen preparation overcame preferential milling difficulties so that the interface region of the zinc-coated steel specimen was well preserved. The results show that the surface MnO oxide, a product of heat treating prior to galvanizing, was lifted off the surface of the substrate and subsequently entrapped in the Zn-Fe phase during galvanizing. A discontinuous inhibition layer was formed directly on top of the substrate. In regions where the inhibition layer was absent, Zn-Fe crystals grew directly on top of the substrate. This behavior significantly differs from the parallel study in which a DP steel was galvanized in a Zn bath with a higher Al concentration, where no lift-off of the MnO oxide was observed and the inhibition layer grew directly on top of the MnO oxide film. Possible mechanisms that are responsible for these significant differences were discussed.</description><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Dual phase steels</subject><subject>Duplex stainless steels</subject><subject>Galvanizing</subject><subject>Heat treating</subject><subject>Ion beams</subject><subject>Liftoff</subject><subject>Manganese oxides</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Metallic Materials</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Oxide coatings</subject><subject>Specimen preparation</subject><subject>Steel products</subject><subject>Steel structures</subject><subject>Structural Materials</subject><subject>Substrate inhibition</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>Transmission electron microscopy</subject><subject>Zinc coatings</subject><issn>1073-5623</issn><issn>1543-1940</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMFOwzAMhiMEEmPwApwqcQ7YTZu0RxgwkCYNadw4RFnrsE6lHUmLYE9PSpG4cbJlf78tfYydI1wigLryiFIiB8w5pLGSfH_AJpgmgmOewGHoQQmeylgcsxPvtwABFXLCXhaV7fjS2qi10ap31hQULT-rknx027uqeY3mpv4wTbUf-gCZMDc1f9oYT9GqI6qjqgnTEWvI1AN4Y7rNKTuypvZ09lunbHV_9zx74Ivl_HF2veCFwLzjKYBBxDIHSst1JizKkrJM5LbITGmLEsLOmFQVNgNSZQJEMldrkRSpEmLKLsarO9e-9-Q7vW1714SHOo5jKQVigoGKR6pwrfeOrN656s24L42gB4V6VKiDF_2jUO9DSIwhvxtMkPs7_U_qG6z8c-U</recordid><startdate>20190815</startdate><enddate>20190815</enddate><creator>Chen, K. 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A, Physical metallurgy and materials science</jtitle><stitle>Metall Mater Trans A</stitle><date>2019-08-15</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>3748</spage><epage>3757</epage><pages>3748-3757</pages><issn>1073-5623</issn><eissn>1543-1940</eissn><abstract>Focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the interfacial structure of a dual-phase steel after galvanizing in a galvannealing bath with a dissolved aluminum concentration of 0.125 wt pct. Improved specimen preparation overcame preferential milling difficulties so that the interface region of the zinc-coated steel specimen was well preserved. The results show that the surface MnO oxide, a product of heat treating prior to galvanizing, was lifted off the surface of the substrate and subsequently entrapped in the Zn-Fe phase during galvanizing. A discontinuous inhibition layer was formed directly on top of the substrate. In regions where the inhibition layer was absent, Zn-Fe crystals grew directly on top of the substrate. This behavior significantly differs from the parallel study in which a DP steel was galvanized in a Zn bath with a higher Al concentration, where no lift-off of the MnO oxide was observed and the inhibition layer grew directly on top of the MnO oxide film. Possible mechanisms that are responsible for these significant differences were discussed.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11661-019-05276-z</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science, 2019-08, Vol.50 (8), p.3748-3757 |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Aluminum Annealing Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Dual phase steels Duplex stainless steels Galvanizing Heat treating Ion beams Liftoff Manganese oxides Materials Science Metallic Materials Nanotechnology Oxide coatings Specimen preparation Steel products Steel structures Structural Materials Substrate inhibition Surfaces and Interfaces Thin Films Transmission electron microscopy Zinc coatings |
| title | Lift-Off of Surface Oxides During Galvanizing of a Dual-Phase Steel in a Galvannealing Bath |
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