Pharmacokinetic changes of tramadol in rats with hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol and acetaminophen in perfused rat liver model

Tramadol is an opioid agonist with activation monoaminergic properties. It can be administered orally, rectally, intravenously, or intramuscularly as a centrally acting analgesic. Liver injury can lead to changes in the metabolism of tramadol. In this study, the rate of tramadol metabolism in rats w...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2019-06, Vol.77, p.49-57
Hauptverfasser:	Mohammadi, Saeid, Nezami, Alireza, Esmaeili, Zohre, Rouini, Mohammad Reza, Ardakani, Yalda H., Lavasani, Hoda, Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza, Ghazi-Khansari, Mahmoud
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Acetaminophen Acetaminophen - adverse effects Acetaminophen - pharmacokinetics Alcohol Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages Analgesics Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - adverse effects Analgesics, Non-Narcotic - pharmacokinetics Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacokinetics Animal models Animals Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - metabolism Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - pathology Convulsions & seizures Cytochrome Drug dosages Enzymatic activity Enzymes Ethanol Ethanol - adverse effects Ethanol - pharmacokinetics Fatty liver FDA approval Fibrosis Hepatitis Hepatotoxicity High performance liquid chromatography HPLC Laboratories Liquid chromatography Liver Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Liver - pathology Liver diseases Liver perfusion Male Metabolism Metabolites Narcotics Opioids Oxidative stress Pain Perfusion Perfusion - methods Pharmacokinetics Prescription drugs Random Allocation Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Rodents Tramadol Tramadol - adverse effects Tramadol - pharmacokinetics Urine
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