Improving CIGS thin film by evaporation of CIGS nanoparticles without phase change
CIGS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using solvothermal method and evaporated to deposit the CIGS layer. The effects of annealing conditions and selenization process on the CIGS phase, optical properties and morphology of the resulting layers were investigated. It was found that heating process...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing Materials science & processing, 2019-05, Vol.125 (5), p.1-9, Article 327 |
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| creator | Ghanbari, E. Zahedifar, M. Moradi, M. |
| description | CIGS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using solvothermal method and evaporated to deposit the CIGS layer. The effects of annealing conditions and selenization process on the CIGS phase, optical properties and morphology of the resulting layers were investigated. It was found that heating process did not change the phase of CIGS layer and the phase was similar to that of NPs, while the phase of CIGS layer was changed in the selenized layer. The crystallinity was improved for the selenized and heated layers and the grain size and energy gap of the layers were affected by these processes. The AFM images showed that the heated layer had smoother surface compared to the selenized layer. The results revealed that the layers fabricated by evaporation method are very compact and the uniform surface can be achieved only by heating the layer. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00339-019-2561-5 |
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The effects of annealing conditions and selenization process on the CIGS phase, optical properties and morphology of the resulting layers were investigated. It was found that heating process did not change the phase of CIGS layer and the phase was similar to that of NPs, while the phase of CIGS layer was changed in the selenized layer. The crystallinity was improved for the selenized and heated layers and the grain size and energy gap of the layers were affected by these processes. The AFM images showed that the heated layer had smoother surface compared to the selenized layer. The results revealed that the layers fabricated by evaporation method are very compact and the uniform surface can be achieved only by heating the layer.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0947-8396</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0630</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00339-019-2561-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Applied physics ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Condensed Matter Physics ; Copper indium gallium selenides ; Energy gap ; Evaporation ; Heating ; Machines ; Manufacturing ; Materials science ; Morphology ; Nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Optical properties ; Phase transitions ; Photovoltaic cells ; Physics ; Physics and Astronomy ; Processes ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Thin Films</subject><ispartof>Applied physics. 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A, Materials science & processing</title><addtitle>Appl. Phys. A</addtitle><description>CIGS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using solvothermal method and evaporated to deposit the CIGS layer. The effects of annealing conditions and selenization process on the CIGS phase, optical properties and morphology of the resulting layers were investigated. It was found that heating process did not change the phase of CIGS layer and the phase was similar to that of NPs, while the phase of CIGS layer was changed in the selenized layer. The crystallinity was improved for the selenized and heated layers and the grain size and energy gap of the layers were affected by these processes. The AFM images showed that the heated layer had smoother surface compared to the selenized layer. The results revealed that the layers fabricated by evaporation method are very compact and the uniform surface can be achieved only by heating the layer.</description><subject>Applied physics</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Condensed Matter Physics</subject><subject>Copper indium gallium selenides</subject><subject>Energy gap</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Heating</subject><subject>Machines</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Phase transitions</subject><subject>Photovoltaic cells</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics and Astronomy</subject><subject>Processes</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><issn>0947-8396</issn><issn>1432-0630</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1LAzEQhoMoWKs_wFvAc3SS7Ca7RylaCwXBj3NItkk3pd2sybbSf2_KCp6cy1ye9x3mQeiWwj0FkA8JgPOaAK0JKwUl5Rma0IIzAoLDOZpAXUhS8VpcoquUNpCnYGyC3ha7PoaD79Z4tpi_46H1HXZ-u8PmiO1B9yHqwYcOBzcCne5Cr-Pgm61N-NsPbdgPuG91srhpdbe21-jC6W2yN797ij6fnz5mL2T5Ol_MHpek4VQMRACHphCaUWcq42BVWqaBlsZVQjYrWQouLa1M5Yyoja5qZykXzgloylXFDJ-iu7E3P_C1t2lQm7CPXT6pGIOac5CyzBQdqSaGlKJ1qo9-p-NRUVAndWpUp7I6dVKnThk2ZlJm80fxr_n_0A9YR3DJ</recordid><startdate>20190501</startdate><enddate>20190501</enddate><creator>Ghanbari, E.</creator><creator>Zahedifar, M.</creator><creator>Moradi, M.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190501</creationdate><title>Improving CIGS thin film by evaporation of CIGS nanoparticles without phase change</title><author>Ghanbari, E. ; Zahedifar, M. ; Moradi, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-6030c46a21fb8bf0d5e2a015bf867cd75637e18b8fb69ba89fe136ff60c5d82b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Applied physics</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Condensed Matter Physics</topic><topic>Copper indium gallium selenides</topic><topic>Energy gap</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Heating</topic><topic>Machines</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Optical and Electronic Materials</topic><topic>Optical properties</topic><topic>Phase transitions</topic><topic>Photovoltaic cells</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics and Astronomy</topic><topic>Processes</topic><topic>Surfaces and Interfaces</topic><topic>Thin Films</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ghanbari, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zahedifar, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moradi, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ghanbari, E.</au><au>Zahedifar, M.</au><au>Moradi, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Improving CIGS thin film by evaporation of CIGS nanoparticles without phase change</atitle><jtitle>Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing</jtitle><stitle>Appl. Phys. A</stitle><date>2019-05-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>125</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>9</epage><pages>1-9</pages><artnum>327</artnum><issn>0947-8396</issn><eissn>1432-0630</eissn><abstract>CIGS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using solvothermal method and evaporated to deposit the CIGS layer. The effects of annealing conditions and selenization process on the CIGS phase, optical properties and morphology of the resulting layers were investigated. It was found that heating process did not change the phase of CIGS layer and the phase was similar to that of NPs, while the phase of CIGS layer was changed in the selenized layer. The crystallinity was improved for the selenized and heated layers and the grain size and energy gap of the layers were affected by these processes. The AFM images showed that the heated layer had smoother surface compared to the selenized layer. The results revealed that the layers fabricated by evaporation method are very compact and the uniform surface can be achieved only by heating the layer.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00339-019-2561-5</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied physics Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Condensed Matter Physics Copper indium gallium selenides Energy gap Evaporation Heating Machines Manufacturing Materials science Morphology Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Optical and Electronic Materials Optical properties Phase transitions Photovoltaic cells Physics Physics and Astronomy Processes Surfaces and Interfaces Thin Films |
| title | Improving CIGS thin film by evaporation of CIGS nanoparticles without phase change |
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