Summarizing the 4D image stack of ultrafast dynamic contrast enhancement MRI of breast cancer in 3D using color intensity projections
Background Each ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI sequence for breast cancer generates thousands of images in a 4D stack that need to be reviewed by a radiologist. Purpose To assess whether color intensity projections (CIP) effectively summarizes—using only the time of arrival (ToA) and...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of magnetic resonance imaging 2019-05, Vol.49 (5), p.1391-1399 |
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creator | Cover, Keith S. Duvivier, Katya M. de Graaf, Pim Wittenberg, Rianne Smit, Ruth Kuijer, Joost P.A. Hofman, Mark B.M. Slotman, Ben J. Verdaasdonk, Ruud M. |
description | Background
Each ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI sequence for breast cancer generates thousands of images in a 4D stack that need to be reviewed by a radiologist.
Purpose
To assess whether color intensity projections (CIP) effectively summarizes—using only the time of arrival (ToA) and amount of signal enhancement (AoE) of the contrast agent—the thousands of ultrafast images.
Study Type
Retrospective cohort clinical trial.
Subjects
The study included 89 patients who had been scanned with an MRI beast protocol, of which 26 had breast cancer and 63 did not.
Field Strength/Sequence
The 115‐second ultrafast DCE sequence at 3T acquired 19 consecutive frames every 4.26 seconds with 152 slices per frame, yielding a 4D stack with 2888 2D images for each of water and fat.
Assessment
For each slice of the water 4D stack a single CIP image was generated that encoded the ToA in the hue (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue) and AoE in the brightness. Each of three experienced radiologists assigned a Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI‐RADS) score for each patient, first using only the CIP images, and subsequently using both CIP and the full 4D stack.
Statistical Tests
The one‐sided Fisher's exact test was used to determine statistical significance of both the sensitivity and specificity between the CIP alone and the CIP plus 4D stack.
Results
All malignancies were detected using only CIP by at least one of the radiologists. The CIP and CIP+4D sensitivities for reader 1 were 96% and 96% (P = 0.57), specificities were 59% and 65% (P = 0.29). For reader 2, the values were 96% and 100% (P = 0.51) with 62% and 71% (P = 0.17). For reader 3 the values were 92% and 96% (P = 0.50) with 51% and 62% (P = 0.07).
Data Conclusion
With a 95% sensitivity, CIP provides an effective summary of ultrafast DCE images of breast cancer.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1391–1399. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jmri.26521 |
format | Article |
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Each ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI sequence for breast cancer generates thousands of images in a 4D stack that need to be reviewed by a radiologist.
Purpose
To assess whether color intensity projections (CIP) effectively summarizes—using only the time of arrival (ToA) and amount of signal enhancement (AoE) of the contrast agent—the thousands of ultrafast images.
Study Type
Retrospective cohort clinical trial.
Subjects
The study included 89 patients who had been scanned with an MRI beast protocol, of which 26 had breast cancer and 63 did not.
Field Strength/Sequence
The 115‐second ultrafast DCE sequence at 3T acquired 19 consecutive frames every 4.26 seconds with 152 slices per frame, yielding a 4D stack with 2888 2D images for each of water and fat.
Assessment
For each slice of the water 4D stack a single CIP image was generated that encoded the ToA in the hue (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue) and AoE in the brightness. Each of three experienced radiologists assigned a Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI‐RADS) score for each patient, first using only the CIP images, and subsequently using both CIP and the full 4D stack.
Statistical Tests
The one‐sided Fisher's exact test was used to determine statistical significance of both the sensitivity and specificity between the CIP alone and the CIP plus 4D stack.
Results
All malignancies were detected using only CIP by at least one of the radiologists. The CIP and CIP+4D sensitivities for reader 1 were 96% and 96% (P = 0.57), specificities were 59% and 65% (P = 0.29). For reader 2, the values were 96% and 100% (P = 0.51) with 62% and 71% (P = 0.17). For reader 3 the values were 92% and 96% (P = 0.50) with 51% and 62% (P = 0.07).
Data Conclusion
With a 95% sensitivity, CIP provides an effective summary of ultrafast DCE images of breast cancer.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1391–1399.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1053-1807</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-2586</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26521</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30318731</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Breast cancer ; Cancer ; Coding ; Color ; color intensity projections ; Contrast agents ; dynamic contrast enhancement ; Field strength ; Image contrast ; Image enhancement ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medical imaging ; Sensitivity ; standalone ultrafast ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical tests ; time of arrival ; ultrafast DCE</subject><ispartof>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging, 2019-05, Vol.49 (5), p.1391-1399</ispartof><rights>2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</rights><rights>2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.</rights><rights>2019 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4591-dc654ae1a6f44f4b6a1aaa9ef5ceeb9984d749335bdfe124b5a0d89f828c556a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4591-dc654ae1a6f44f4b6a1aaa9ef5ceeb9984d749335bdfe124b5a0d89f828c556a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjmri.26521$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjmri.26521$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,1432,27923,27924,45573,45574,46408,46832</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30318731$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cover, Keith S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duvivier, Katya M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Graaf, Pim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wittenberg, Rianne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smit, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuijer, Joost P.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hofman, Mark B.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slotman, Ben J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verdaasdonk, Ruud M.</creatorcontrib><title>Summarizing the 4D image stack of ultrafast dynamic contrast enhancement MRI of breast cancer in 3D using color intensity projections</title><title>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</title><addtitle>J Magn Reson Imaging</addtitle><description>Background
Each ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI sequence for breast cancer generates thousands of images in a 4D stack that need to be reviewed by a radiologist.
Purpose
To assess whether color intensity projections (CIP) effectively summarizes—using only the time of arrival (ToA) and amount of signal enhancement (AoE) of the contrast agent—the thousands of ultrafast images.
Study Type
Retrospective cohort clinical trial.
Subjects
The study included 89 patients who had been scanned with an MRI beast protocol, of which 26 had breast cancer and 63 did not.
Field Strength/Sequence
The 115‐second ultrafast DCE sequence at 3T acquired 19 consecutive frames every 4.26 seconds with 152 slices per frame, yielding a 4D stack with 2888 2D images for each of water and fat.
Assessment
For each slice of the water 4D stack a single CIP image was generated that encoded the ToA in the hue (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue) and AoE in the brightness. Each of three experienced radiologists assigned a Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI‐RADS) score for each patient, first using only the CIP images, and subsequently using both CIP and the full 4D stack.
Statistical Tests
The one‐sided Fisher's exact test was used to determine statistical significance of both the sensitivity and specificity between the CIP alone and the CIP plus 4D stack.
Results
All malignancies were detected using only CIP by at least one of the radiologists. The CIP and CIP+4D sensitivities for reader 1 were 96% and 96% (P = 0.57), specificities were 59% and 65% (P = 0.29). For reader 2, the values were 96% and 100% (P = 0.51) with 62% and 71% (P = 0.17). For reader 3 the values were 92% and 96% (P = 0.50) with 51% and 62% (P = 0.07).
Data Conclusion
With a 95% sensitivity, CIP provides an effective summary of ultrafast DCE images of breast cancer.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1391–1399.</description><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Coding</subject><subject>Color</subject><subject>color intensity projections</subject><subject>Contrast agents</subject><subject>dynamic contrast enhancement</subject><subject>Field strength</subject><subject>Image contrast</subject><subject>Image enhancement</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>standalone ultrafast</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical tests</subject><subject>time of arrival</subject><subject>ultrafast DCE</subject><issn>1053-1807</issn><issn>1522-2586</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE2P0zAQhq0VaFsKl_0BK0vckFL8mcbHVZePoiKkXThHjjPedTZxiu0IlTv_G4cWjpxm9M6jd6QHoStK1pQQ9rYbgluzUjJ6gZZUMlYwWZXP8k4kL2hFNgv0IsaOEKKUkJdowQmn1YbTJfp1Pw2DDu6n8w84PQIWt9gN-gFwTNo84dHiqU9BWx0Tbo9eD85gM_oc5QD8o_YGBvAJf77bzXQTYL6YOQ_Yecxv8RTndjP245wk8NGlIz6EsQOT3OjjS_Tc6j7Cq_NcoW_v333dfiz2Xz7stjf7wgipaNGaUgoNVJdWCCuaUlOttQIrDUCjVCXajVCcy6a1QJlopCZtpWzFKiNlqfkKvT715t_fJ4ip7sYp-PyyZoywUkmetazQmxNlwhhjAFsfQnYSjjUl9Wy8no3Xf4xn-PpcOTUDtP_Qv4ozQE_AD9fD8T9V9aes8FT6Gw2GjcM</recordid><startdate>201905</startdate><enddate>201905</enddate><creator>Cover, Keith S.</creator><creator>Duvivier, Katya M.</creator><creator>de Graaf, Pim</creator><creator>Wittenberg, Rianne</creator><creator>Smit, Ruth</creator><creator>Kuijer, Joost P.A.</creator><creator>Hofman, Mark B.M.</creator><creator>Slotman, Ben J.</creator><creator>Verdaasdonk, Ruud M.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201905</creationdate><title>Summarizing the 4D image stack of ultrafast dynamic contrast enhancement MRI of breast cancer in 3D using color intensity projections</title><author>Cover, Keith S. ; Duvivier, Katya M. ; de Graaf, Pim ; Wittenberg, Rianne ; Smit, Ruth ; Kuijer, Joost P.A. ; Hofman, Mark B.M. ; Slotman, Ben J. ; Verdaasdonk, Ruud M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4591-dc654ae1a6f44f4b6a1aaa9ef5ceeb9984d749335bdfe124b5a0d89f828c556a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Coding</topic><topic>Color</topic><topic>color intensity projections</topic><topic>Contrast agents</topic><topic>dynamic contrast enhancement</topic><topic>Field strength</topic><topic>Image contrast</topic><topic>Image enhancement</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Sensitivity</topic><topic>standalone ultrafast</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical tests</topic><topic>time of arrival</topic><topic>ultrafast DCE</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cover, Keith S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duvivier, Katya M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Graaf, Pim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wittenberg, Rianne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smit, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuijer, Joost P.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hofman, Mark B.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slotman, Ben J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verdaasdonk, Ruud M.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cover, Keith S.</au><au>Duvivier, Katya M.</au><au>de Graaf, Pim</au><au>Wittenberg, Rianne</au><au>Smit, Ruth</au><au>Kuijer, Joost P.A.</au><au>Hofman, Mark B.M.</au><au>Slotman, Ben J.</au><au>Verdaasdonk, Ruud M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Summarizing the 4D image stack of ultrafast dynamic contrast enhancement MRI of breast cancer in 3D using color intensity projections</atitle><jtitle>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</jtitle><addtitle>J Magn Reson Imaging</addtitle><date>2019-05</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1391</spage><epage>1399</epage><pages>1391-1399</pages><issn>1053-1807</issn><eissn>1522-2586</eissn><abstract>Background
Each ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI sequence for breast cancer generates thousands of images in a 4D stack that need to be reviewed by a radiologist.
Purpose
To assess whether color intensity projections (CIP) effectively summarizes—using only the time of arrival (ToA) and amount of signal enhancement (AoE) of the contrast agent—the thousands of ultrafast images.
Study Type
Retrospective cohort clinical trial.
Subjects
The study included 89 patients who had been scanned with an MRI beast protocol, of which 26 had breast cancer and 63 did not.
Field Strength/Sequence
The 115‐second ultrafast DCE sequence at 3T acquired 19 consecutive frames every 4.26 seconds with 152 slices per frame, yielding a 4D stack with 2888 2D images for each of water and fat.
Assessment
For each slice of the water 4D stack a single CIP image was generated that encoded the ToA in the hue (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue) and AoE in the brightness. Each of three experienced radiologists assigned a Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI‐RADS) score for each patient, first using only the CIP images, and subsequently using both CIP and the full 4D stack.
Statistical Tests
The one‐sided Fisher's exact test was used to determine statistical significance of both the sensitivity and specificity between the CIP alone and the CIP plus 4D stack.
Results
All malignancies were detected using only CIP by at least one of the radiologists. The CIP and CIP+4D sensitivities for reader 1 were 96% and 96% (P = 0.57), specificities were 59% and 65% (P = 0.29). For reader 2, the values were 96% and 100% (P = 0.51) with 62% and 71% (P = 0.17). For reader 3 the values were 92% and 96% (P = 0.50) with 51% and 62% (P = 0.07).
Data Conclusion
With a 95% sensitivity, CIP provides an effective summary of ultrafast DCE images of breast cancer.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1391–1399.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>30318731</pmid><doi>10.1002/jmri.26521</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Breast cancer Cancer Coding Color color intensity projections Contrast agents dynamic contrast enhancement Field strength Image contrast Image enhancement Magnetic resonance imaging Medical imaging Sensitivity standalone ultrafast Statistical analysis Statistical tests time of arrival ultrafast DCE |
title | Summarizing the 4D image stack of ultrafast dynamic contrast enhancement MRI of breast cancer in 3D using color intensity projections |
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