The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport
We present the temporal evolution of electron Phase Space Density (PSD) in the outer radiation belt during the intense March 2015 geomagnetic storm. Comparing observed PSD profiles as a function of L* at fixed first, M, and second, K, adiabatic invariants with those produced by simulations is critic...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2019-02, Vol.124 (2), p.1143-1156 |
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| container_title | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics |
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| creator | Ozeke, L. G. Mann, I. R. Claudepierre, S. G. Henderson, M. Morley, S. K. Murphy, K. R. Olifer, L. Spence, H. E. Baker, D. N. |
| description | We present the temporal evolution of electron Phase Space Density (PSD) in the outer radiation belt during the intense March 2015 geomagnetic storm. Comparing observed PSD profiles as a function of L* at fixed first, M, and second, K, adiabatic invariants with those produced by simulations is critical for determining the physical processes responsible for the outer radiation belt dynamics. Here we show that the bulk of the accelerated and enhanced outer radiation belt population consists of electrons with K |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2018JA026326 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
The March 2015 outer radiation belt flux enhancement was dominated by a population of accelerated low‐K electrons with K < 0.17 G1/2Re
During the flux recovery phase no growing PSD peaks occurred inside L*≲5, suggesting local heating was not the dominant acceleration process
The observed flux enhancement inside L* < 5 is reproduced by our ULF wave radial diffusion simulation without including local acceleration</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9380</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2018JA026326</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Diffusion ; Diffusion rate ; Electrons ; Evolution ; Extremely low frequencies ; Geomagnetic storms ; Geomagnetism ; local acceleration ; Magnetic storms ; March 2015 storm ; Outer radiation belt ; phase space density ; radial diffusion ; Radiation ; radiation belt ; Recovery ; Space density ; Storms ; ULF waves ; Wave power</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 2019-02, Vol.124 (2), p.1143-1156</ispartof><rights>2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3730-92ab3d42b1d96d07f7189c46b0ef9443cfd730f9a913dbff22f6f6d145193a1a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3730-92ab3d42b1d96d07f7189c46b0ef9443cfd730f9a913dbff22f6f6d145193a1a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8520-0199 ; 0000-0003-1004-7841 ; 0000-0002-6479-2778 ; 0000-0002-2526-2205 ; 0000-0002-5917-7113 ; 0000-0001-5513-5947 ; 0000-0003-4975-9029 ; 0000-0002-3063-6451 ; 0000-0001-5909-0926</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2018JA026326$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2018JA026326$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ozeke, L. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mann, I. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Claudepierre, S. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henderson, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morley, S. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, K. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olifer, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spence, H. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, D. N.</creatorcontrib><title>The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</title><description>We present the temporal evolution of electron Phase Space Density (PSD) in the outer radiation belt during the intense March 2015 geomagnetic storm. Comparing observed PSD profiles as a function of L* at fixed first, M, and second, K, adiabatic invariants with those produced by simulations is critical for determining the physical processes responsible for the outer radiation belt dynamics. Here we show that the bulk of the accelerated and enhanced outer radiation belt population consists of electrons with K < 0.17 G1/2Re. For these electrons, the observed PSD versus L* profiles during the recovery phase of the storm have a positive radial gradient. We compare the observed temporal evolution of the PSD profiles during the recovery phase with those produced by radial diffusion simulations driven by observed Ultralow Frequency wave power as measured on the ground. Our results indicate that the dominant flux enhancement, inside L* < 5, in the heart of the outer radiation belt during the March 2015 geomagnetic storm is consistent with that produced by fast inward radial diffusion of electrons from a dynamic outer boundary driven by enhanced Ultralow Frequency wave power.
Key Points
The March 2015 outer radiation belt flux enhancement was dominated by a population of accelerated low‐K electrons with K < 0.17 G1/2Re
During the flux recovery phase no growing PSD peaks occurred inside L*≲5, suggesting local heating was not the dominant acceleration process
The observed flux enhancement inside L* < 5 is reproduced by our ULF wave radial diffusion simulation without including local acceleration</description><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>Diffusion rate</subject><subject>Electrons</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Extremely low frequencies</subject><subject>Geomagnetic storms</subject><subject>Geomagnetism</subject><subject>local acceleration</subject><subject>Magnetic storms</subject><subject>March 2015 storm</subject><subject>Outer radiation belt</subject><subject>phase space density</subject><subject>radial diffusion</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>radiation belt</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>Space density</subject><subject>Storms</subject><subject>ULF waves</subject><subject>Wave power</subject><issn>2169-9380</issn><issn>2169-9402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEtLAzEUhYMoWLQ7f0DAraN5z8RdqbZaKpY-cBkyk8ROaWfGZKbSf2-kCq68m3s4fJzLPQBcYXSLEZF3BOFsMkBEUCJOQI9gIRPJEDn91TRD56AfwgbFyaKFeQ-8L9cWvmhfrGEM4HDRNdaHtvY7OLf7MpStNfdwttbBwkWjCwsfbBXdA5z52pVbG6CuDBzp0MLVdATf9D4ipXNdKKNael2FpvbtJThzehts_2dfgNXocTl8Sqav4-fhYJoUNKUokUTn1DCSYyOFQalLcSYLJnJknWSMFs5EzEktMTW5c4Q44YTBjGNJNdb0Alwfcxtff3Q2tGpTd76KJxXBkvNMSJ5F6uZIFb4OwVunGl_utD8ojNR3m-pvmxGnR_wzPnz4l1WT8XzAWcoR_QITz3QT</recordid><startdate>201902</startdate><enddate>201902</enddate><creator>Ozeke, L. 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N.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-0199</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-7841</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6479-2778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-2205</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-7113</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-5947</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-9029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3063-6451</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-0926</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201902</creationdate><title>The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport</title><author>Ozeke, L. G. ; Mann, I. R. ; Claudepierre, S. G. ; Henderson, M. ; Morley, S. K. ; Murphy, K. R. ; Olifer, L. ; Spence, H. E. ; Baker, D. N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3730-92ab3d42b1d96d07f7189c46b0ef9443cfd730f9a913dbff22f6f6d145193a1a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Diffusion</topic><topic>Diffusion rate</topic><topic>Electrons</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Extremely low frequencies</topic><topic>Geomagnetic storms</topic><topic>Geomagnetism</topic><topic>local acceleration</topic><topic>Magnetic storms</topic><topic>March 2015 storm</topic><topic>Outer radiation belt</topic><topic>phase space density</topic><topic>radial diffusion</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>radiation belt</topic><topic>Recovery</topic><topic>Space density</topic><topic>Storms</topic><topic>ULF waves</topic><topic>Wave power</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ozeke, L. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mann, I. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Claudepierre, S. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henderson, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morley, S. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, K. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olifer, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spence, H. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, D. N.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ozeke, L. G.</au><au>Mann, I. R.</au><au>Claudepierre, S. G.</au><au>Henderson, M.</au><au>Morley, S. K.</au><au>Murphy, K. R.</au><au>Olifer, L.</au><au>Spence, H. E.</au><au>Baker, D. N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle><date>2019-02</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>124</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1143</spage><epage>1156</epage><pages>1143-1156</pages><issn>2169-9380</issn><eissn>2169-9402</eissn><abstract>We present the temporal evolution of electron Phase Space Density (PSD) in the outer radiation belt during the intense March 2015 geomagnetic storm. Comparing observed PSD profiles as a function of L* at fixed first, M, and second, K, adiabatic invariants with those produced by simulations is critical for determining the physical processes responsible for the outer radiation belt dynamics. Here we show that the bulk of the accelerated and enhanced outer radiation belt population consists of electrons with K < 0.17 G1/2Re. For these electrons, the observed PSD versus L* profiles during the recovery phase of the storm have a positive radial gradient. We compare the observed temporal evolution of the PSD profiles during the recovery phase with those produced by radial diffusion simulations driven by observed Ultralow Frequency wave power as measured on the ground. Our results indicate that the dominant flux enhancement, inside L* < 5, in the heart of the outer radiation belt during the March 2015 geomagnetic storm is consistent with that produced by fast inward radial diffusion of electrons from a dynamic outer boundary driven by enhanced Ultralow Frequency wave power.
Key Points
The March 2015 outer radiation belt flux enhancement was dominated by a population of accelerated low‐K electrons with K < 0.17 G1/2Re
During the flux recovery phase no growing PSD peaks occurred inside L*≲5, suggesting local heating was not the dominant acceleration process
The observed flux enhancement inside L* < 5 is reproduced by our ULF wave radial diffusion simulation without including local acceleration</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2018JA026326</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-0199</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-7841</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6479-2778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-2205</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-7113</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-5947</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-9029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3063-6451</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-0926</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Diffusion Diffusion rate Electrons Evolution Extremely low frequencies Geomagnetic storms Geomagnetism local acceleration Magnetic storms March 2015 storm Outer radiation belt phase space density radial diffusion Radiation radiation belt Recovery Space density Storms ULF waves Wave power |
| title | The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport |
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