Characterization of halloysite (north east Rif, Morocco); evaluation of its suitability for the ceramics industry
A halloysite clay from Nador (NE Morocco) was studied to evaluate its suitability in the ceramics industry. A cross-section involving all the Messinian facies was performed in the Melilla Neogene basin, at the foot of the Gourougou volcano, to establish the origin of the halloysite and estimate its...
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| creator | El Haddar, Abdelilah Gharibi, Elkhadir Azdimousa, Ali Fagel, Nathalie El Hassani, Iz-Eddine El Amrani El Ouahabi, Meriam |
| description | A halloysite clay from Nador (NE Morocco) was studied to evaluate its suitability in the ceramics industry. A cross-section involving all the Messinian facies was performed in the Melilla Neogene basin, at the foot of the Gourougou volcano, to establish the origin of the halloysite and estimate its reserves. White layers of halloysite and red clays rich in smectite occurring in contact with basal-reef limestone were characterized by mineralogical (XRD, IR), textural (SEM) and physico-chemical analyses (grain-size, Atterberg limits, DTA/TG, XRF and specific surface area). Ceramic properties were evaluated for halloysite fired from 500 to 1100°C to evaluate technical processing for ceramic production. The halloysite clay consists of fine particles with a high plasticity and a large specific surface area. The XRD investigation revealed the presence of 7 Å non-hydrated halloysite along with gibbsite, alunite, K-feldspar and traces of smectite and illite. The presence of halloysite was confirmed from the characteristic IR bands at 3695 and 3618 cm-1 and the predominance of tubular crystals observed in the SEM. The chemical analysis revealed high contents linked to the presence of Al-rich phases (gibbsite and alunite). DTA/TG and XRD results of fired clay samples proved the dehydroxylation of halloysite and a rearrangement of metakaolinite to form mullite and spinel at 975°C. The Moroccan halloysite might be suitable for refractory ceramic applications. However, addition of quartz sand might be necessary to avoid crack development during firing and to reduce the plasticity of raw halloysite and minimize shrinkage during sintering. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1180/clm.2018.5 |
| format | Article |
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A cross-section involving all the Messinian facies was performed in the Melilla Neogene basin, at the foot of the Gourougou volcano, to establish the origin of the halloysite and estimate its reserves. White layers of halloysite and red clays rich in smectite occurring in contact with basal-reef limestone were characterized by mineralogical (XRD, IR), textural (SEM) and physico-chemical analyses (grain-size, Atterberg limits, DTA/TG, XRF and specific surface area). Ceramic properties were evaluated for halloysite fired from 500 to 1100°C to evaluate technical processing for ceramic production. The halloysite clay consists of fine particles with a high plasticity and a large specific surface area. The XRD investigation revealed the presence of 7 Å non-hydrated halloysite along with gibbsite, alunite, K-feldspar and traces of smectite and illite. The presence of halloysite was confirmed from the characteristic IR bands at 3695 and 3618 cm-1 and the predominance of tubular crystals observed in the SEM. The chemical analysis revealed high contents linked to the presence of Al-rich phases (gibbsite and alunite). DTA/TG and XRD results of fired clay samples proved the dehydroxylation of halloysite and a rearrangement of metakaolinite to form mullite and spinel at 975°C. The Moroccan halloysite might be suitable for refractory ceramic applications. However, addition of quartz sand might be necessary to avoid crack development during firing and to reduce the plasticity of raw halloysite and minimize shrinkage during sintering.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-8558</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-8030</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1180/clm.2018.5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Middlesex: Mineralogical Society</publisher><subject>Africa ; Alunite ; Atterberg limits ; Bayer process ; cement materials ; Cenozoic ; Ceramics ; Ceramics industry ; Chemical analysis ; chemical weathering ; Clay ; clay mineralogy ; Clay minerals ; construction materials ; Crystals ; Economic geology ; Evaluation ; Feldspars ; geochemistry ; Geology ; Gibbsite ; Gourougou ; halloysite ; hydrothermal alteration ; Illite ; Illites ; Investigations ; Limestone ; Melilla Basin ; Messinian ; metasomatism ; mineral deposits, genesis ; Mineralogy ; Miocene ; Morocco ; Mullite ; Nador Morocco ; Neogene ; nesosilicates ; nonmetals ; North Africa ; northeastern Morocco ; Organic chemistry ; orthosilicates ; physicochemical properties ; Plastic properties ; Plasticity ; refractory materials ; Rif ; rock, sediment, soil ; sed rocks, sediments ; Sedimentary facies ; Sedimentary petrology ; Sediments ; sheet silicates ; Shrinkage ; silicates ; Smectites ; Specific surface ; Surface area ; Tertiary ; upper Miocene ; Volcanoes ; weathering</subject><ispartof>Clay minerals, 2018-03, Vol.53 (1), p.65-78</ispartof><rights>GeoRef, Copyright 2020, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld @Alexandria, VA @USA @United States. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland</rights><rights>Copyright © Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a354t-47fbeafbafcf04d1869942b790737e3048c74c152b14e07d50cf2f47129fd9883</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a354t-47fbeafbafcf04d1869942b790737e3048c74c152b14e07d50cf2f47129fd9883</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>El Haddar, Abdelilah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gharibi, Elkhadir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azdimousa, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fagel, Nathalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El Hassani, Iz-Eddine El Amrani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El Ouahabi, Meriam</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of halloysite (north east Rif, Morocco); evaluation of its suitability for the ceramics industry</title><title>Clay minerals</title><description>A halloysite clay from Nador (NE Morocco) was studied to evaluate its suitability in the ceramics industry. A cross-section involving all the Messinian facies was performed in the Melilla Neogene basin, at the foot of the Gourougou volcano, to establish the origin of the halloysite and estimate its reserves. White layers of halloysite and red clays rich in smectite occurring in contact with basal-reef limestone were characterized by mineralogical (XRD, IR), textural (SEM) and physico-chemical analyses (grain-size, Atterberg limits, DTA/TG, XRF and specific surface area). Ceramic properties were evaluated for halloysite fired from 500 to 1100°C to evaluate technical processing for ceramic production. The halloysite clay consists of fine particles with a high plasticity and a large specific surface area. The XRD investigation revealed the presence of 7 Å non-hydrated halloysite along with gibbsite, alunite, K-feldspar and traces of smectite and illite. The presence of halloysite was confirmed from the characteristic IR bands at 3695 and 3618 cm-1 and the predominance of tubular crystals observed in the SEM. The chemical analysis revealed high contents linked to the presence of Al-rich phases (gibbsite and alunite). DTA/TG and XRD results of fired clay samples proved the dehydroxylation of halloysite and a rearrangement of metakaolinite to form mullite and spinel at 975°C. The Moroccan halloysite might be suitable for refractory ceramic applications. However, addition of quartz sand might be necessary to avoid crack development during firing and to reduce the plasticity of raw halloysite and minimize shrinkage during sintering.</description><subject>Africa</subject><subject>Alunite</subject><subject>Atterberg limits</subject><subject>Bayer process</subject><subject>cement materials</subject><subject>Cenozoic</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Ceramics industry</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>chemical weathering</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>clay mineralogy</subject><subject>Clay minerals</subject><subject>construction materials</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Economic geology</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Feldspars</subject><subject>geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Gibbsite</subject><subject>Gourougou</subject><subject>halloysite</subject><subject>hydrothermal alteration</subject><subject>Illite</subject><subject>Illites</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Limestone</subject><subject>Melilla Basin</subject><subject>Messinian</subject><subject>metasomatism</subject><subject>mineral deposits, genesis</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Miocene</subject><subject>Morocco</subject><subject>Mullite</subject><subject>Nador Morocco</subject><subject>Neogene</subject><subject>nesosilicates</subject><subject>nonmetals</subject><subject>North Africa</subject><subject>northeastern Morocco</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>orthosilicates</subject><subject>physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Plastic properties</subject><subject>Plasticity</subject><subject>refractory materials</subject><subject>Rif</subject><subject>rock, sediment, soil</subject><subject>sed rocks, sediments</subject><subject>Sedimentary facies</subject><subject>Sedimentary petrology</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>sheet silicates</subject><subject>Shrinkage</subject><subject>silicates</subject><subject>Smectites</subject><subject>Specific surface</subject><subject>Surface area</subject><subject>Tertiary</subject><subject>upper Miocene</subject><subject>Volcanoes</subject><subject>weathering</subject><issn>0009-8558</issn><issn>1471-8030</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkF1LwzAUhoMoOKc3_oKAN351Jk26JHglwy-YCKLXIU0Tm9E1M0mV-uttmYhXhwPP-x7OA8AxRjOMObrSzXqWI8xnxQ6YYMpwxhFBu2CCEBIZLwq-Dw5iXA0roZxMwMeiVkHpZIL7Vsn5FnoLa9U0vo8uGXja-pBqaFRM8MXZS_jkg9fan11D86ma7i_jUoSxc0mVrnGph9YHmGoDtQlq7XSErq26mEJ_CPasaqI5-p1T8HZ3-7p4yJbP94-Lm2WmSEFTRpktjbKlstoiWmE-F4LmJROIEWYIolwzqnGRl5gaxKoCaZvb4eNc2EpwTqbgZNu7Cf6jMzHJle9CO5yUORaU5AKRkTrfUjr4GIOxchPcWoVeYiRHpXJQKkelshjgiy38bnzUzrTafPnQVP-aRxDNOWaU_ADqY3l4</recordid><startdate>201803</startdate><enddate>201803</enddate><creator>El Haddar, Abdelilah</creator><creator>Gharibi, Elkhadir</creator><creator>Azdimousa, Ali</creator><creator>Fagel, Nathalie</creator><creator>El Hassani, Iz-Eddine El Amrani</creator><creator>El Ouahabi, Meriam</creator><general>Mineralogical Society</general><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7RQ</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201803</creationdate><title>Characterization of halloysite (north east Rif, Morocco); evaluation of its suitability for the ceramics industry</title><author>El Haddar, Abdelilah ; Gharibi, Elkhadir ; Azdimousa, Ali ; Fagel, Nathalie ; El Hassani, Iz-Eddine El Amrani ; El Ouahabi, Meriam</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a354t-47fbeafbafcf04d1869942b790737e3048c74c152b14e07d50cf2f47129fd9883</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Africa</topic><topic>Alunite</topic><topic>Atterberg limits</topic><topic>Bayer process</topic><topic>cement materials</topic><topic>Cenozoic</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Ceramics industry</topic><topic>Chemical analysis</topic><topic>chemical weathering</topic><topic>Clay</topic><topic>clay mineralogy</topic><topic>Clay minerals</topic><topic>construction materials</topic><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Economic geology</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Feldspars</topic><topic>geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Gibbsite</topic><topic>Gourougou</topic><topic>halloysite</topic><topic>hydrothermal alteration</topic><topic>Illite</topic><topic>Illites</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Limestone</topic><topic>Melilla Basin</topic><topic>Messinian</topic><topic>metasomatism</topic><topic>mineral deposits, genesis</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>Miocene</topic><topic>Morocco</topic><topic>Mullite</topic><topic>Nador Morocco</topic><topic>Neogene</topic><topic>nesosilicates</topic><topic>nonmetals</topic><topic>North Africa</topic><topic>northeastern Morocco</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>orthosilicates</topic><topic>physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Plastic properties</topic><topic>Plasticity</topic><topic>refractory materials</topic><topic>Rif</topic><topic>rock, sediment, soil</topic><topic>sed rocks, sediments</topic><topic>Sedimentary facies</topic><topic>Sedimentary petrology</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>sheet silicates</topic><topic>Shrinkage</topic><topic>silicates</topic><topic>Smectites</topic><topic>Specific surface</topic><topic>Surface area</topic><topic>Tertiary</topic><topic>upper Miocene</topic><topic>Volcanoes</topic><topic>weathering</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>El Haddar, Abdelilah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gharibi, Elkhadir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azdimousa, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fagel, Nathalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El Hassani, Iz-Eddine El Amrani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El Ouahabi, Meriam</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Career & Technical Education Database</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Clay minerals</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>El Haddar, Abdelilah</au><au>Gharibi, Elkhadir</au><au>Azdimousa, Ali</au><au>Fagel, Nathalie</au><au>El Hassani, Iz-Eddine El Amrani</au><au>El Ouahabi, Meriam</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of halloysite (north east Rif, Morocco); evaluation of its suitability for the ceramics industry</atitle><jtitle>Clay minerals</jtitle><date>2018-03</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>65</spage><epage>78</epage><pages>65-78</pages><issn>0009-8558</issn><eissn>1471-8030</eissn><abstract>A halloysite clay from Nador (NE Morocco) was studied to evaluate its suitability in the ceramics industry. A cross-section involving all the Messinian facies was performed in the Melilla Neogene basin, at the foot of the Gourougou volcano, to establish the origin of the halloysite and estimate its reserves. White layers of halloysite and red clays rich in smectite occurring in contact with basal-reef limestone were characterized by mineralogical (XRD, IR), textural (SEM) and physico-chemical analyses (grain-size, Atterberg limits, DTA/TG, XRF and specific surface area). Ceramic properties were evaluated for halloysite fired from 500 to 1100°C to evaluate technical processing for ceramic production. The halloysite clay consists of fine particles with a high plasticity and a large specific surface area. The XRD investigation revealed the presence of 7 Å non-hydrated halloysite along with gibbsite, alunite, K-feldspar and traces of smectite and illite. The presence of halloysite was confirmed from the characteristic IR bands at 3695 and 3618 cm-1 and the predominance of tubular crystals observed in the SEM. The chemical analysis revealed high contents linked to the presence of Al-rich phases (gibbsite and alunite). DTA/TG and XRD results of fired clay samples proved the dehydroxylation of halloysite and a rearrangement of metakaolinite to form mullite and spinel at 975°C. The Moroccan halloysite might be suitable for refractory ceramic applications. However, addition of quartz sand might be necessary to avoid crack development during firing and to reduce the plasticity of raw halloysite and minimize shrinkage during sintering.</abstract><cop>Middlesex</cop><pub>Mineralogical Society</pub><doi>10.1180/clm.2018.5</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Africa Alunite Atterberg limits Bayer process cement materials Cenozoic Ceramics Ceramics industry Chemical analysis chemical weathering Clay clay mineralogy Clay minerals construction materials Crystals Economic geology Evaluation Feldspars geochemistry Geology Gibbsite Gourougou halloysite hydrothermal alteration Illite Illites Investigations Limestone Melilla Basin Messinian metasomatism mineral deposits, genesis Mineralogy Miocene Morocco Mullite Nador Morocco Neogene nesosilicates nonmetals North Africa northeastern Morocco Organic chemistry orthosilicates physicochemical properties Plastic properties Plasticity refractory materials Rif rock, sediment, soil sed rocks, sediments Sedimentary facies Sedimentary petrology Sediments sheet silicates Shrinkage silicates Smectites Specific surface Surface area Tertiary upper Miocene Volcanoes weathering |
| title | Characterization of halloysite (north east Rif, Morocco); evaluation of its suitability for the ceramics industry |
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