Altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced anti-nociception in mice lacking CCK2 receptors

Cholecystokinin (CCK) interacts with the endopioid system in the regulation of various physiological functions, including the control of pain sensitivity, motor activity and emotional behaviour. The aim of the present work was to study the pain sensitivity, morphine-induced antinociception and densi...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Psychopharmacologia 2003-03, Vol.166 (2), p.168-175
Hauptverfasser: VERAKSITS, Alar, RÜNKORG, Kertu, KURRIKOFF, Kaido, RAUD, Sirli, ABRAMOV, Urho, MATSUI, Toshimitsu, BOURIN, Michel, KOKS, Sulev, VASAR, Eero
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 175
container_issue 2
container_start_page 168
container_title Psychopharmacologia
container_volume 166
creator VERAKSITS, Alar
RÜNKORG, Kertu
KURRIKOFF, Kaido
RAUD, Sirli
ABRAMOV, Urho
MATSUI, Toshimitsu
BOURIN, Michel
KOKS, Sulev
VASAR, Eero
description Cholecystokinin (CCK) interacts with the endopioid system in the regulation of various physiological functions, including the control of pain sensitivity, motor activity and emotional behaviour. The aim of the present work was to study the pain sensitivity, morphine-induced antinociception and density of opioid receptors in mice lacking CCK(2) receptors. Plantar analgesia and hotplate tests were used to evaluate pain sensitivity and morphine-induced antinociception. The parameters of opioid receptors were analysed by using [(3)H]-diprenorphine binding. In the plantar analgesia test the latency of hind paw withdrawal was significantly increased in CCK(2) receptor deficient mice compared to wild-type (+/+) littermates. The treatment with saline reversed the reduced pain sensitivity in heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) mice. The administration of morphine (1 mg/kg) induced a significantly stronger antinociceptive effect in homozygous (-/-) mice compared with wild-type (+/+) animals. In the hotplate test, only homozygous (-/-) mutant mice displayed the delayed latency of hind paw licking/shaking in comparison with wild-type (+/+) mice. The injection of saline and isolation of mice for 30 min reversed the delayed response in homozygous (-/-) mice. However, in this test, the anti-nociceptive action of morphine (5-10 mg/kg) in mutant mice did not differ from that in wild-type (+/+) littermates. By contrast, the jump latency was decreased in both homozygous (-/-) and heterozygous (+/-) mice in the hotplate test. The increased density of opioid receptors was established in the striatum of homozygous (-/-) mice. It is apparent that the targeted mutagenesis of the CCK(2) receptor gene has different effects on the sensitivity of opioid receptors in various brain structures. This is a probable reason for the altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced antinociception in mutant mice compared to wild-type (+/+) littermates.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00213-002-1333-6
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_218985128</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>723533641</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c354t-b0f9a5d3c5997d5827765b8469e63fcd3788c933f307c8522e42c55ec9eeb4fe3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpFkE1LxDAQhoMo7rr6A7xIETxGk0zSpsel-IULXvQoIZummrVNa9IV9t-bZQvOYYaZed4ZeBG6pOSWElLcRUIYBZwypgCA8yM0pxwYZqRgx2hOSBoCFXKGzmLckBRc8lM0o0xwAcDm6GPZjjbYOhu081m0PrrR_bpxl2lfZ10fhi_nLXa-3ppEaT867HvjjB1G1_ssibrUZK02385_ZlX1wrJg9-s-xHN00ug22oupLtD7w_1b9YRXr4_P1XKFDQg-4jVpSi1qMKIsi1pIVhS5WEuelzaHxtRQSGlKgAZIYaRgzHJmhLCmtHbNGwsLdH24O4T-Z2vjqDb9Nvj0UjEqSykokwmiB8iEPsZgGzUE1-mwU5SovZ_q4KdKWe39VHnSXE2Ht-vO1v-KycAE3EyAjka3TdDeuPjPcZETnjP4A0zFfR0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>218985128</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced anti-nociception in mice lacking CCK2 receptors</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>VERAKSITS, Alar ; RÜNKORG, Kertu ; KURRIKOFF, Kaido ; RAUD, Sirli ; ABRAMOV, Urho ; MATSUI, Toshimitsu ; BOURIN, Michel ; KOKS, Sulev ; VASAR, Eero</creator><creatorcontrib>VERAKSITS, Alar ; RÜNKORG, Kertu ; KURRIKOFF, Kaido ; RAUD, Sirli ; ABRAMOV, Urho ; MATSUI, Toshimitsu ; BOURIN, Michel ; KOKS, Sulev ; VASAR, Eero</creatorcontrib><description>Cholecystokinin (CCK) interacts with the endopioid system in the regulation of various physiological functions, including the control of pain sensitivity, motor activity and emotional behaviour. The aim of the present work was to study the pain sensitivity, morphine-induced antinociception and density of opioid receptors in mice lacking CCK(2) receptors. Plantar analgesia and hotplate tests were used to evaluate pain sensitivity and morphine-induced antinociception. The parameters of opioid receptors were analysed by using [(3)H]-diprenorphine binding. In the plantar analgesia test the latency of hind paw withdrawal was significantly increased in CCK(2) receptor deficient mice compared to wild-type (+/+) littermates. The treatment with saline reversed the reduced pain sensitivity in heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) mice. The administration of morphine (1 mg/kg) induced a significantly stronger antinociceptive effect in homozygous (-/-) mice compared with wild-type (+/+) animals. In the hotplate test, only homozygous (-/-) mutant mice displayed the delayed latency of hind paw licking/shaking in comparison with wild-type (+/+) mice. The injection of saline and isolation of mice for 30 min reversed the delayed response in homozygous (-/-) mice. However, in this test, the anti-nociceptive action of morphine (5-10 mg/kg) in mutant mice did not differ from that in wild-type (+/+) littermates. By contrast, the jump latency was decreased in both homozygous (-/-) and heterozygous (+/-) mice in the hotplate test. The increased density of opioid receptors was established in the striatum of homozygous (-/-) mice. It is apparent that the targeted mutagenesis of the CCK(2) receptor gene has different effects on the sensitivity of opioid receptors in various brain structures. This is a probable reason for the altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced antinociception in mutant mice compared to wild-type (+/+) littermates.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-3158</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2072</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00213-002-1333-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12545332</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSYPAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin: Springer</publisher><subject>Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Diprenorphine - metabolism ; Drug withdrawal ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Morphine ; Morphine - pharmacology ; Mutagenesis ; Narcotics ; Neuropeptides ; Neuropharmacology ; Pain ; Pain Threshold - drug effects ; Peptides ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Physiology ; Radioligand Assay ; Receptor, Cholecystokinin B ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin - physiology</subject><ispartof>Psychopharmacologia, 2003-03, Vol.166 (2), p.168-175</ispartof><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Springer-Verlag 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c354t-b0f9a5d3c5997d5827765b8469e63fcd3788c933f307c8522e42c55ec9eeb4fe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c354t-b0f9a5d3c5997d5827765b8469e63fcd3788c933f307c8522e42c55ec9eeb4fe3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=14560462$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12545332$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>VERAKSITS, Alar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RÜNKORG, Kertu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KURRIKOFF, Kaido</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RAUD, Sirli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ABRAMOV, Urho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MATSUI, Toshimitsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BOURIN, Michel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KOKS, Sulev</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VASAR, Eero</creatorcontrib><title>Altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced anti-nociception in mice lacking CCK2 receptors</title><title>Psychopharmacologia</title><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><description>Cholecystokinin (CCK) interacts with the endopioid system in the regulation of various physiological functions, including the control of pain sensitivity, motor activity and emotional behaviour. The aim of the present work was to study the pain sensitivity, morphine-induced antinociception and density of opioid receptors in mice lacking CCK(2) receptors. Plantar analgesia and hotplate tests were used to evaluate pain sensitivity and morphine-induced antinociception. The parameters of opioid receptors were analysed by using [(3)H]-diprenorphine binding. In the plantar analgesia test the latency of hind paw withdrawal was significantly increased in CCK(2) receptor deficient mice compared to wild-type (+/+) littermates. The treatment with saline reversed the reduced pain sensitivity in heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) mice. The administration of morphine (1 mg/kg) induced a significantly stronger antinociceptive effect in homozygous (-/-) mice compared with wild-type (+/+) animals. In the hotplate test, only homozygous (-/-) mutant mice displayed the delayed latency of hind paw licking/shaking in comparison with wild-type (+/+) mice. The injection of saline and isolation of mice for 30 min reversed the delayed response in homozygous (-/-) mice. However, in this test, the anti-nociceptive action of morphine (5-10 mg/kg) in mutant mice did not differ from that in wild-type (+/+) littermates. By contrast, the jump latency was decreased in both homozygous (-/-) and heterozygous (+/-) mice in the hotplate test. The increased density of opioid receptors was established in the striatum of homozygous (-/-) mice. It is apparent that the targeted mutagenesis of the CCK(2) receptor gene has different effects on the sensitivity of opioid receptors in various brain structures. This is a probable reason for the altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced antinociception in mutant mice compared to wild-type (+/+) littermates.</description><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Diprenorphine - metabolism</subject><subject>Drug withdrawal</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Morphine</subject><subject>Morphine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Mutagenesis</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>Neuropeptides</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Pain Threshold - drug effects</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Radioligand Assay</subject><subject>Receptor, Cholecystokinin B</subject><subject>Receptors, Cholecystokinin - physiology</subject><issn>0033-3158</issn><issn>1432-2072</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkE1LxDAQhoMo7rr6A7xIETxGk0zSpsel-IULXvQoIZummrVNa9IV9t-bZQvOYYaZed4ZeBG6pOSWElLcRUIYBZwypgCA8yM0pxwYZqRgx2hOSBoCFXKGzmLckBRc8lM0o0xwAcDm6GPZjjbYOhu081m0PrrR_bpxl2lfZ10fhi_nLXa-3ppEaT867HvjjB1G1_ssibrUZK02385_ZlX1wrJg9-s-xHN00ug22oupLtD7w_1b9YRXr4_P1XKFDQg-4jVpSi1qMKIsi1pIVhS5WEuelzaHxtRQSGlKgAZIYaRgzHJmhLCmtHbNGwsLdH24O4T-Z2vjqDb9Nvj0UjEqSykokwmiB8iEPsZgGzUE1-mwU5SovZ_q4KdKWe39VHnSXE2Ht-vO1v-KycAE3EyAjka3TdDeuPjPcZETnjP4A0zFfR0</recordid><startdate>20030301</startdate><enddate>20030301</enddate><creator>VERAKSITS, Alar</creator><creator>RÜNKORG, Kertu</creator><creator>KURRIKOFF, Kaido</creator><creator>RAUD, Sirli</creator><creator>ABRAMOV, Urho</creator><creator>MATSUI, Toshimitsu</creator><creator>BOURIN, Michel</creator><creator>KOKS, Sulev</creator><creator>VASAR, Eero</creator><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030301</creationdate><title>Altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced anti-nociception in mice lacking CCK2 receptors</title><author>VERAKSITS, Alar ; RÜNKORG, Kertu ; KURRIKOFF, Kaido ; RAUD, Sirli ; ABRAMOV, Urho ; MATSUI, Toshimitsu ; BOURIN, Michel ; KOKS, Sulev ; VASAR, Eero</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c354t-b0f9a5d3c5997d5827765b8469e63fcd3788c933f307c8522e42c55ec9eeb4fe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Analgesics</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Diprenorphine - metabolism</topic><topic>Drug withdrawal</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Morphine</topic><topic>Morphine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Mutagenesis</topic><topic>Narcotics</topic><topic>Neuropeptides</topic><topic>Neuropharmacology</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Pain Threshold - drug effects</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Radioligand Assay</topic><topic>Receptor, Cholecystokinin B</topic><topic>Receptors, Cholecystokinin - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>VERAKSITS, Alar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RÜNKORG, Kertu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KURRIKOFF, Kaido</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RAUD, Sirli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ABRAMOV, Urho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MATSUI, Toshimitsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BOURIN, Michel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KOKS, Sulev</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VASAR, Eero</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Psychopharmacologia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>VERAKSITS, Alar</au><au>RÜNKORG, Kertu</au><au>KURRIKOFF, Kaido</au><au>RAUD, Sirli</au><au>ABRAMOV, Urho</au><au>MATSUI, Toshimitsu</au><au>BOURIN, Michel</au><au>KOKS, Sulev</au><au>VASAR, Eero</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced anti-nociception in mice lacking CCK2 receptors</atitle><jtitle>Psychopharmacologia</jtitle><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><date>2003-03-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>166</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>168</spage><epage>175</epage><pages>168-175</pages><issn>0033-3158</issn><eissn>1432-2072</eissn><coden>PSYPAG</coden><abstract>Cholecystokinin (CCK) interacts with the endopioid system in the regulation of various physiological functions, including the control of pain sensitivity, motor activity and emotional behaviour. The aim of the present work was to study the pain sensitivity, morphine-induced antinociception and density of opioid receptors in mice lacking CCK(2) receptors. Plantar analgesia and hotplate tests were used to evaluate pain sensitivity and morphine-induced antinociception. The parameters of opioid receptors were analysed by using [(3)H]-diprenorphine binding. In the plantar analgesia test the latency of hind paw withdrawal was significantly increased in CCK(2) receptor deficient mice compared to wild-type (+/+) littermates. The treatment with saline reversed the reduced pain sensitivity in heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) mice. The administration of morphine (1 mg/kg) induced a significantly stronger antinociceptive effect in homozygous (-/-) mice compared with wild-type (+/+) animals. In the hotplate test, only homozygous (-/-) mutant mice displayed the delayed latency of hind paw licking/shaking in comparison with wild-type (+/+) mice. The injection of saline and isolation of mice for 30 min reversed the delayed response in homozygous (-/-) mice. However, in this test, the anti-nociceptive action of morphine (5-10 mg/kg) in mutant mice did not differ from that in wild-type (+/+) littermates. By contrast, the jump latency was decreased in both homozygous (-/-) and heterozygous (+/-) mice in the hotplate test. The increased density of opioid receptors was established in the striatum of homozygous (-/-) mice. It is apparent that the targeted mutagenesis of the CCK(2) receptor gene has different effects on the sensitivity of opioid receptors in various brain structures. This is a probable reason for the altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced antinociception in mutant mice compared to wild-type (+/+) littermates.</abstract><cop>Berlin</cop><pub>Springer</pub><pmid>12545332</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00213-002-1333-6</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0033-3158
ispartof Psychopharmacologia, 2003-03, Vol.166 (2), p.168-175
issn 0033-3158
1432-2072
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_218985128
source MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals
subjects Analgesics
Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Diprenorphine - metabolism
Drug withdrawal
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Morphine
Morphine - pharmacology
Mutagenesis
Narcotics
Neuropeptides
Neuropharmacology
Pain
Pain Threshold - drug effects
Peptides
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Physiology
Radioligand Assay
Receptor, Cholecystokinin B
Receptors, Cholecystokinin - physiology
title Altered pain sensitivity and morphine-induced anti-nociception in mice lacking CCK2 receptors
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-22T08%3A21%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Altered%20pain%20sensitivity%20and%20morphine-induced%20anti-nociception%20in%20mice%20lacking%20CCK2%20receptors&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacologia&rft.au=VERAKSITS,%20Alar&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=168&rft.epage=175&rft.pages=168-175&rft.issn=0033-3158&rft.eissn=1432-2072&rft.coden=PSYPAG&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s00213-002-1333-6&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E723533641%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=218985128&rft_id=info:pmid/12545332&rfr_iscdi=true