Factors affecting Velcro-covered balls when used as a sampling device for wool of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) has caused extensive mortality of hemlocks (Tsuga (Endlicher) Carrière; Pinaceae) in the eastern United States of America and was discovered recently in Nova Scotia, Canada. We evaluated the use of a Velcro-covered racquetball as a sampling device for A....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian entomologist 2019-02, Vol.151 (1), p.101-114 |
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| creator | Fidgen, Jeffrey G. Fournier, Ronald E. Whitmore, Mark C. MacQuarrie, Chris J.K. Turgeon, Jean J. |
| description | Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) has caused extensive mortality of hemlocks (Tsuga (Endlicher) Carrière; Pinaceae) in the eastern United States of America and was discovered recently in Nova Scotia, Canada. We evaluated the use of a Velcro-covered racquetball as a sampling device for A. tsugae wool. Specifically, we report on improvements to an earlier design and evaluate several factors seen in routine sampling that influence the ability of the ball to trap and retain adelgid wool. Velcro was found to be critical for trapping and retaining adelgid wool on the ball during flight and landing. Wooden beads, inserted in the ball, reduced deflection during flight and bounce during landing. Higher probability of trapping wool on the ball was associated with an ascent through the crown, with increasing diameter and density of ovisacs on branch tips, and with increasing abundance of woolly twigs on the forest floor. Higher probability of retaining wool on the ball was associated with Velcro surface area and with amount and location of wool loaded on the ball. These modifications improved detection surveys for A. tsugae in general. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4039/tce.2018.50 |
| format | Article |
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We evaluated the use of a Velcro-covered racquetball as a sampling device for A. tsugae wool. Specifically, we report on improvements to an earlier design and evaluate several factors seen in routine sampling that influence the ability of the ball to trap and retain adelgid wool. Velcro was found to be critical for trapping and retaining adelgid wool on the ball during flight and landing. Wooden beads, inserted in the ball, reduced deflection during flight and bounce during landing. Higher probability of trapping wool on the ball was associated with an ascent through the crown, with increasing diameter and density of ovisacs on branch tips, and with increasing abundance of woolly twigs on the forest floor. Higher probability of retaining wool on the ball was associated with Velcro surface area and with amount and location of wool loaded on the ball. These modifications improved detection surveys for A. tsugae in general.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0008-347X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1918-3240</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4039/tce.2018.50</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, USA: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adelges tsugae ; Adelgidae ; Ascent ; Beads ; Detection ; Entomology ; Experiments ; Flight ; Forest floor ; Forests ; Hemiptera ; Landing ; Landing behavior ; Landing statistics ; Leaves ; Natural resources ; Probability theory ; Samplers ; Sampling ; Studies ; Surveys ; Techniques ; Trapping ; Trees ; Wool</subject><ispartof>Canadian entomologist, 2019-02, Vol.151 (1), p.101-114</ispartof><rights>2018 Cambridge University Press. Parts of this are a work of Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada</rights><rights>2018 Cambridge University Press. 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Pinaceae) in the eastern United States of America and was discovered recently in Nova Scotia, Canada. We evaluated the use of a Velcro-covered racquetball as a sampling device for A. tsugae wool. Specifically, we report on improvements to an earlier design and evaluate several factors seen in routine sampling that influence the ability of the ball to trap and retain adelgid wool. Velcro was found to be critical for trapping and retaining adelgid wool on the ball during flight and landing. Wooden beads, inserted in the ball, reduced deflection during flight and bounce during landing. Higher probability of trapping wool on the ball was associated with an ascent through the crown, with increasing diameter and density of ovisacs on branch tips, and with increasing abundance of woolly twigs on the forest floor. Higher probability of retaining wool on the ball was associated with Velcro surface area and with amount and location of wool loaded on the ball. These modifications improved detection surveys for A. tsugae in general.</abstract><cop>New York, USA</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><doi>10.4039/tce.2018.50</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-4677</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Canadian entomologist, 2019-02, Vol.151 (1), p.101-114 |
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| subjects | Adelges tsugae Adelgidae Ascent Beads Detection Entomology Experiments Flight Forest floor Forests Hemiptera Landing Landing behavior Landing statistics Leaves Natural resources Probability theory Samplers Sampling Studies Surveys Techniques Trapping Trees Wool |
| title | Factors affecting Velcro-covered balls when used as a sampling device for wool of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) |
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