Endogenous Nod-Factor-like Signal Molecules Promote Early Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce
Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are composed of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) and somatic embryos of various developmental stages. Auxin is important for PEM formation and proliferation. In this report we show that depletion of auxin blocks PEM development and causes large-scale...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2002-02, Vol.128 (2), p.523-533 |
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| creator | Julia V. Dyachok Malgorzata Wiweger Lennart Kenne von Arnold, Sara |
| description | Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are composed of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) and somatic embryos of various developmental stages. Auxin is important for PEM formation and proliferation. In this report we show that depletion of auxin blocks PEM development and causes large-scale cell death. Extracts of the media conditioned by embryogenic cultures stimulate development of PEM aggregates in auxin-deficient cultures. Partial characterization of the conditioning factor shows that it is a lipophilic, low-molecular-weight molecule, which is sensitive to chitinase and contains GlcNAc residues. On the basis of this information, we propose that the factor is a lipophilic chitin oligosaccharide (LCO). The amount of LCO correlates to the developmental stages of PEMs and embryos, with the highest level in the media conditioned by developmentally blocked cultures. LCO is not present in nonembryogenic cultures. Cell death, induced by withdrawal of auxin, is suppressed by extra supply of endogenous LCO or Nod factor from Rhizobium sp. NGR234. The effect can be mimicked by a chitotetraose or chitinase from Streptomyces griseus. Taken together, our data suggest that endogenous LCO acts as a signal molecule stimulating PEM and early embryo development in Norway spruce. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1104/pp.010547 |
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Dyachok ; Malgorzata Wiweger ; Lennart Kenne ; von Arnold, Sara</creator><creatorcontrib>Julia V. Dyachok ; Malgorzata Wiweger ; Lennart Kenne ; von Arnold, Sara</creatorcontrib><description>Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are composed of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) and somatic embryos of various developmental stages. Auxin is important for PEM formation and proliferation. In this report we show that depletion of auxin blocks PEM development and causes large-scale cell death. Extracts of the media conditioned by embryogenic cultures stimulate development of PEM aggregates in auxin-deficient cultures. Partial characterization of the conditioning factor shows that it is a lipophilic, low-molecular-weight molecule, which is sensitive to chitinase and contains GlcNAc residues. On the basis of this information, we propose that the factor is a lipophilic chitin oligosaccharide (LCO). The amount of LCO correlates to the developmental stages of PEMs and embryos, with the highest level in the media conditioned by developmentally blocked cultures. LCO is not present in nonembryogenic cultures. Cell death, induced by withdrawal of auxin, is suppressed by extra supply of endogenous LCO or Nod factor from Rhizobium sp. NGR234. The effect can be mimicked by a chitotetraose or chitinase from Streptomyces griseus. Taken together, our data suggest that endogenous LCO acts as a signal molecule stimulating PEM and early embryo development in Norway spruce.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-0889</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2548</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1104/pp.010547</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11842156</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PPHYA5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Biologists</publisher><subject>2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid - pharmacology ; Agronomy. 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Psychology ; Germination and dormancy ; Growth and development ; Herbicides - pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism ; Molecules ; Picea - drug effects ; Picea - growth & development ; Picea - metabolism ; Pine trees ; Plant physiology and development ; Plants ; Seeds - drug effects ; Seeds - growth & development ; Seeds - metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Somatic embryos</subject><ispartof>Plant physiology (Bethesda), 2002-02, Vol.128 (2), p.523-533</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society of Plant Physiologists Feb 2002</rights><rights>Copyright © 2002, American Society of Plant Physiologists 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-194b33fa5c109c2b4a5924c4ef1a0784887a4674de3bb0a634e1d89435bc08fd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-194b33fa5c109c2b4a5924c4ef1a0784887a4674de3bb0a634e1d89435bc08fd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4280320$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4280320$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,803,885,27923,27924,58016,58249</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13477551$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11842156$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Julia V. Dyachok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malgorzata Wiweger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lennart Kenne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Arnold, Sara</creatorcontrib><title>Endogenous Nod-Factor-like Signal Molecules Promote Early Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce</title><title>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</title><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><description>Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are composed of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) and somatic embryos of various developmental stages. Auxin is important for PEM formation and proliferation. In this report we show that depletion of auxin blocks PEM development and causes large-scale cell death. Extracts of the media conditioned by embryogenic cultures stimulate development of PEM aggregates in auxin-deficient cultures. Partial characterization of the conditioning factor shows that it is a lipophilic, low-molecular-weight molecule, which is sensitive to chitinase and contains GlcNAc residues. On the basis of this information, we propose that the factor is a lipophilic chitin oligosaccharide (LCO). The amount of LCO correlates to the developmental stages of PEMs and embryos, with the highest level in the media conditioned by developmentally blocked cultures. LCO is not present in nonembryogenic cultures. Cell death, induced by withdrawal of auxin, is suppressed by extra supply of endogenous LCO or Nod factor from Rhizobium sp. NGR234. The effect can be mimicked by a chitotetraose or chitinase from Streptomyces griseus. Taken together, our data suggest that endogenous LCO acts as a signal molecule stimulating PEM and early embryo development in Norway spruce.</description><subject>2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell aggregates</subject><subject>Cell Biology and Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cell lines</subject><subject>Chitin</subject><subject>Chitinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Cultured cells</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Economic plant physiology</subject><subject>Embryo development. Germination</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Evergreen trees</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Dyachok</au><au>Malgorzata Wiweger</au><au>Lennart Kenne</au><au>von Arnold, Sara</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Endogenous Nod-Factor-like Signal Molecules Promote Early Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce</atitle><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><date>2002-02-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>128</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>523</spage><epage>533</epage><pages>523-533</pages><issn>0032-0889</issn><eissn>1532-2548</eissn><coden>PPHYA5</coden><abstract>Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are composed of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) and somatic embryos of various developmental stages. Auxin is important for PEM formation and proliferation. In this report we show that depletion of auxin blocks PEM development and causes large-scale cell death. Extracts of the media conditioned by embryogenic cultures stimulate development of PEM aggregates in auxin-deficient cultures. Partial characterization of the conditioning factor shows that it is a lipophilic, low-molecular-weight molecule, which is sensitive to chitinase and contains GlcNAc residues. On the basis of this information, we propose that the factor is a lipophilic chitin oligosaccharide (LCO). The amount of LCO correlates to the developmental stages of PEMs and embryos, with the highest level in the media conditioned by developmentally blocked cultures. LCO is not present in nonembryogenic cultures. Cell death, induced by withdrawal of auxin, is suppressed by extra supply of endogenous LCO or Nod factor from Rhizobium sp. NGR234. The effect can be mimicked by a chitotetraose or chitinase from Streptomyces griseus. Taken together, our data suggest that endogenous LCO acts as a signal molecule stimulating PEM and early embryo development in Norway spruce.</abstract><cop>Rockville, MD</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>11842156</pmid><doi>10.1104/pp.010547</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Plant physiology (Bethesda), 2002-02, Vol.128 (2), p.523-533 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid - pharmacology Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences Cell aggregates Cell Biology and Signal Transduction Cell death Cell lines Chitin Chitinases - metabolism Cultured cells Developmental stages Economic plant physiology Embryo development. Germination Embryos Evergreen trees Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Germination and dormancy Growth and development Herbicides - pharmacology Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism Molecules Picea - drug effects Picea - growth & development Picea - metabolism Pine trees Plant physiology and development Plants Seeds - drug effects Seeds - growth & development Seeds - metabolism Signal Transduction Somatic embryogenesis Somatic embryos |
| title | Endogenous Nod-Factor-like Signal Molecules Promote Early Somatic Embryo Development in Norway Spruce |
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