Magnetic Signatures of a Plume at Europa During the Galileo E26 Flyby

We analyze the magnetic field perturbations observed near Jupiter's icy moon Europa by the Galileo spacecraft during the E26 flyby on 3 January 2000. In addition to the expected large‐scale signatures of magnetic fieldline draping and induction, the E26 data set contains various prominent struc...

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Veröffentlicht in:Geophysical research letters 2019-02, Vol.46 (3), p.1149-1157
Hauptverfasser: Arnold, Hannes, Liuzzo, Lucas, Simon, Sven
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Liuzzo, Lucas
Simon, Sven
description We analyze the magnetic field perturbations observed near Jupiter's icy moon Europa by the Galileo spacecraft during the E26 flyby on 3 January 2000. In addition to the expected large‐scale signatures of magnetic fieldline draping and induction, the E26 data set contains various prominent structures on length scales much smaller than the moon's radius. By applying a hybrid (kinetic ions and fluid electrons) model of Europa's interaction with the impinging magnetospheric plasma, we demonstrate that these fine structures in the magnetic field are consistent with Galileo's passage through a water vapor plume whose source was located in Europa's orbital trailing, southern hemisphere. Considering the large‐scale asymmetries of Europa's global atmosphere alone is not sufficient to explain the observed magnetic signatures. Combined with the recent identification of a plume during the earlier E12 flyby of Galileo, our results provide strong evidence that plume activity at Europa was a persistent phenomenon during the Galileo era. Plain Language Summary Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope have revealed the presence of water vapor plumes at Jupiter's icy moon Europa. However, in contrast to the Enceladus plume, the occurrence of plumes at Europa seems to be a transient phenomenon. The mechanism governing the times and locations of these emissions is still unknown. In addition to telescope observations, magnetic field data collected near Europa can be applied as a tool to search for plumes. Since Europa is located within Jupiter's magnetosphere, the moon is continuously exposed to a flow of magnetized plasma with a relative velocity around 100 km/s. The interaction of this plasma with a plume at Europa will locally deflect the magnetospheric flow, thereby generating characteristic deformations of Jupiter's magnetic field. We have revisited magnetic field observations acquired by the Galileo spacecraft during its E26 flyby of Europa on 3 January 2000. By using a plasma simulation model, we demonstrate that the magnetic perturbations observed near Europa are indicative of a water vapor plume in the moon's trailing hemisphere. The source of this plume was located near the Butterdon Linea at Europa's surface. This finding is highly relevant for the planning of synergistic measurements during the upcoming Europa Clipper mission. Key Points Magnetic perturbations seen during Europa flyby E26 consistent with Galileo's passage through a plume in the southern trailing
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2018GL081544
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In addition to the expected large‐scale signatures of magnetic fieldline draping and induction, the E26 data set contains various prominent structures on length scales much smaller than the moon's radius. By applying a hybrid (kinetic ions and fluid electrons) model of Europa's interaction with the impinging magnetospheric plasma, we demonstrate that these fine structures in the magnetic field are consistent with Galileo's passage through a water vapor plume whose source was located in Europa's orbital trailing, southern hemisphere. Considering the large‐scale asymmetries of Europa's global atmosphere alone is not sufficient to explain the observed magnetic signatures. Combined with the recent identification of a plume during the earlier E12 flyby of Galileo, our results provide strong evidence that plume activity at Europa was a persistent phenomenon during the Galileo era. Plain Language Summary Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope have revealed the presence of water vapor plumes at Jupiter's icy moon Europa. However, in contrast to the Enceladus plume, the occurrence of plumes at Europa seems to be a transient phenomenon. The mechanism governing the times and locations of these emissions is still unknown. In addition to telescope observations, magnetic field data collected near Europa can be applied as a tool to search for plumes. Since Europa is located within Jupiter's magnetosphere, the moon is continuously exposed to a flow of magnetized plasma with a relative velocity around 100 km/s. The interaction of this plasma with a plume at Europa will locally deflect the magnetospheric flow, thereby generating characteristic deformations of Jupiter's magnetic field. We have revisited magnetic field observations acquired by the Galileo spacecraft during its E26 flyby of Europa on 3 January 2000. By using a plasma simulation model, we demonstrate that the magnetic perturbations observed near Europa are indicative of a water vapor plume in the moon's trailing hemisphere. The source of this plume was located near the Butterdon Linea at Europa's surface. This finding is highly relevant for the planning of synergistic measurements during the upcoming Europa Clipper mission. Key Points Magnetic perturbations seen during Europa flyby E26 consistent with Galileo's passage through a plume in the southern trailing hemisphere Interaction of the magnetospheric plasma with Europa's global exosphere alone is not sufficient to explain the observed magnetic field Combined with the detection of a plume during the earlier E12 flyby, this result suggests persistent plume activity during the Galileo era</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2018GL081544</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Computer simulation ; Deformation mechanisms ; Enceladus ; Europa ; Europa Clipper ; Flyby missions ; Galileo spacecraft ; Hubble Space Telescope ; Icy satellites ; JUICE ; Jupiter ; Magnetic field ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetic induction ; Magnetic signatures ; Magnetosphere ; Magnetospheric plasma ; Moon ; moon‐magnetosphere interaction ; Perturbations ; Planetary magnetic fields ; Planetary magnetospheres ; plume ; Plumes ; Southern Hemisphere ; Space telescopes ; Spacecraft ; Water plumes ; Water vapor ; Water vapour</subject><ispartof>Geophysical research letters, 2019-02, Vol.46 (3), p.1149-1157</ispartof><rights>2019. 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Plain Language Summary Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope have revealed the presence of water vapor plumes at Jupiter's icy moon Europa. However, in contrast to the Enceladus plume, the occurrence of plumes at Europa seems to be a transient phenomenon. The mechanism governing the times and locations of these emissions is still unknown. In addition to telescope observations, magnetic field data collected near Europa can be applied as a tool to search for plumes. Since Europa is located within Jupiter's magnetosphere, the moon is continuously exposed to a flow of magnetized plasma with a relative velocity around 100 km/s. The interaction of this plasma with a plume at Europa will locally deflect the magnetospheric flow, thereby generating characteristic deformations of Jupiter's magnetic field. We have revisited magnetic field observations acquired by the Galileo spacecraft during its E26 flyby of Europa on 3 January 2000. By using a plasma simulation model, we demonstrate that the magnetic perturbations observed near Europa are indicative of a water vapor plume in the moon's trailing hemisphere. The source of this plume was located near the Butterdon Linea at Europa's surface. This finding is highly relevant for the planning of synergistic measurements during the upcoming Europa Clipper mission. Key Points Magnetic perturbations seen during Europa flyby E26 consistent with Galileo's passage through a plume in the southern trailing hemisphere Interaction of the magnetospheric plasma with Europa's global exosphere alone is not sufficient to explain the observed magnetic field Combined with the detection of a plume during the earlier E12 flyby, this result suggests persistent plume activity during the Galileo era</description><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Deformation mechanisms</subject><subject>Enceladus</subject><subject>Europa</subject><subject>Europa Clipper</subject><subject>Flyby missions</subject><subject>Galileo spacecraft</subject><subject>Hubble Space Telescope</subject><subject>Icy satellites</subject><subject>JUICE</subject><subject>Jupiter</subject><subject>Magnetic field</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetic induction</subject><subject>Magnetic signatures</subject><subject>Magnetosphere</subject><subject>Magnetospheric plasma</subject><subject>Moon</subject><subject>moon‐magnetosphere interaction</subject><subject>Perturbations</subject><subject>Planetary magnetic fields</subject><subject>Planetary magnetospheres</subject><subject>plume</subject><subject>Plumes</subject><subject>Southern Hemisphere</subject><subject>Space telescopes</subject><subject>Spacecraft</subject><subject>Water plumes</subject><subject>Water vapor</subject><subject>Water vapour</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90LFOwzAQBmALgUQpbDyAJVYCZzuX2CMqaUAKAkF3y0ntkipNip0I5e1JVQYmprvh053-n5BrBncMuLrnwGRegGQYxydkxlQcRxIgPSUzADXtPE3OyUUIWwAQINiMZC9m09q-ruhHvWlNP3gbaOeooW_NsLPU9DQbfLc39HHwdbuh_aeluWnqxnY04wldNmM5XpIzZ5pgr37nnKyW2WrxFBWv-fPioYgqAYmIEJVdS-ckU6hSjK2Lka1jh44rg9xwxUwpU5EIhUyuTVpWUAnBSpSHLGJObo5n9777Gmzo9bYbfDt91JxJRJkyJSd1e1SV70Lw1um9r3fGj5qBPvSk__Y0cX7k31Om8V-r8_cCJSohfgCsV2XB</recordid><startdate>20190216</startdate><enddate>20190216</enddate><creator>Arnold, Hannes</creator><creator>Liuzzo, Lucas</creator><creator>Simon, Sven</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; 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Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy &amp; Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Arnold, Hannes</au><au>Liuzzo, Lucas</au><au>Simon, Sven</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Magnetic Signatures of a Plume at Europa During the Galileo E26 Flyby</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><date>2019-02-16</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1149</spage><epage>1157</epage><pages>1149-1157</pages><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><abstract>We analyze the magnetic field perturbations observed near Jupiter's icy moon Europa by the Galileo spacecraft during the E26 flyby on 3 January 2000. In addition to the expected large‐scale signatures of magnetic fieldline draping and induction, the E26 data set contains various prominent structures on length scales much smaller than the moon's radius. By applying a hybrid (kinetic ions and fluid electrons) model of Europa's interaction with the impinging magnetospheric plasma, we demonstrate that these fine structures in the magnetic field are consistent with Galileo's passage through a water vapor plume whose source was located in Europa's orbital trailing, southern hemisphere. Considering the large‐scale asymmetries of Europa's global atmosphere alone is not sufficient to explain the observed magnetic signatures. Combined with the recent identification of a plume during the earlier E12 flyby of Galileo, our results provide strong evidence that plume activity at Europa was a persistent phenomenon during the Galileo era. Plain Language Summary Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope have revealed the presence of water vapor plumes at Jupiter's icy moon Europa. However, in contrast to the Enceladus plume, the occurrence of plumes at Europa seems to be a transient phenomenon. The mechanism governing the times and locations of these emissions is still unknown. In addition to telescope observations, magnetic field data collected near Europa can be applied as a tool to search for plumes. Since Europa is located within Jupiter's magnetosphere, the moon is continuously exposed to a flow of magnetized plasma with a relative velocity around 100 km/s. The interaction of this plasma with a plume at Europa will locally deflect the magnetospheric flow, thereby generating characteristic deformations of Jupiter's magnetic field. We have revisited magnetic field observations acquired by the Galileo spacecraft during its E26 flyby of Europa on 3 January 2000. By using a plasma simulation model, we demonstrate that the magnetic perturbations observed near Europa are indicative of a water vapor plume in the moon's trailing hemisphere. The source of this plume was located near the Butterdon Linea at Europa's surface. This finding is highly relevant for the planning of synergistic measurements during the upcoming Europa Clipper mission. Key Points Magnetic perturbations seen during Europa flyby E26 consistent with Galileo's passage through a plume in the southern trailing hemisphere Interaction of the magnetospheric plasma with Europa's global exosphere alone is not sufficient to explain the observed magnetic field Combined with the detection of a plume during the earlier E12 flyby, this result suggests persistent plume activity during the Galileo era</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2018GL081544</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-7544</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4820-8594</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-5437</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Computer simulation
Deformation mechanisms
Enceladus
Europa
Europa Clipper
Flyby missions
Galileo spacecraft
Hubble Space Telescope
Icy satellites
JUICE
Jupiter
Magnetic field
Magnetic fields
Magnetic induction
Magnetic signatures
Magnetosphere
Magnetospheric plasma
Moon
moon‐magnetosphere interaction
Perturbations
Planetary magnetic fields
Planetary magnetospheres
plume
Plumes
Southern Hemisphere
Space telescopes
Spacecraft
Water plumes
Water vapor
Water vapour
title Magnetic Signatures of a Plume at Europa During the Galileo E26 Flyby
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