Variable responses of karst springs to recharge in the Middle Atlas region of Morocco

Springs in the Middle Atlas region of Morocco are important public water supplies, but their responses to storm-event and seasonal forcings have received only limited study. From March 2014 to May 2015, water temperature was measured hourly at three springs (Ribaa, Sidi Rached, and Zerouka); water l...

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Veröffentlicht in:Hydrogeology journal 2019-08, Vol.27 (5), p.1693-1710
Hauptverfasser: Howell, Brett A., Fryar, Alan E., Benaabidate, Lahcen, Bouchaou, Lhoussaine, Farhaoui, Mohamed
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container_end_page 1710
container_issue 5
container_start_page 1693
container_title Hydrogeology journal
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creator Howell, Brett A.
Fryar, Alan E.
Benaabidate, Lahcen
Bouchaou, Lhoussaine
Farhaoui, Mohamed
description Springs in the Middle Atlas region of Morocco are important public water supplies, but their responses to storm-event and seasonal forcings have received only limited study. From March 2014 to May 2015, water temperature was measured hourly at three springs (Ribaa, Sidi Rached, and Zerouka); water level (stage) was measured hourly at Sidi Rached and Zerouka; and maximum daily turbidity was recorded at Ribaa. From March 2014 to March 2015, daily water samples were taken at Zerouka for analyses of deuterium and oxygen-18. Hourly weather data (precipitation and air temperature) were available from March 2014 to May 2015 from Ifrane, near Zerouka. Temperature responses varied between the springs, showing a time-lagged seasonal signal at Sidi Rached, near-constant values at Zerouka, and relatively stable dry-season values followed by flashy wet-season behavior at Ribaa. Stage at Sidi Rached and Zerouka tracked together, with a broad minimum in late summer and responses to individual storms superposed on the signal. Stable isotopes fluctuated daily but were frequently out of phase with each other. Autocorrelation analyses of spring parameters indicate that Sidi Rached and Zerouka have greater inertia than Ribaa. Cross-correlation analyses show characteristic time lags between (1) precipitation and stage, (2) air temperature and water isotopes, and (3) air and water temperatures. However, as shown in previous work, there is a broad range of time lags between precipitation and turbidity. The variety of spring behaviors is consistent with differences in hydraulic connectivity within each spring basin.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s10040-019-01945-w
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subjects Air temperature
Aquatic Pollution
Autocorrelation
Correlation analysis
Data processing
Deuterium
Drinking water
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Geology
Geophysics/Geodesy
Hydrogeology
Hydrology/Water Resources
Inertia
Isotopes
Karst
Karst springs
Meteorological data
Oxygen
Precipitation
Public waters
Recharge
Seasons
Spring
Spring (season)
Stable isotopes
Storms
Temperature
Temperature effects
Turbidity
Waste Water Technology
Water analysis
Water levels
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Water Quality/Water Pollution
Water sampling
Water springs
Water supply
Water temperature
title Variable responses of karst springs to recharge in the Middle Atlas region of Morocco
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