Low-Frequency Noise and Offset Rejection in DC-Coupled Neural Amplifiers: A Review and Digitally-Assisted Design Tutorial
We review integrated circuits for low-frequency noise and offset rejection as a motivation for the presented digitally-assisted neural amplifier design methodology. Conventional AC-coupled neural amplifiers inherently reject input DC offset but have key limitations in area, linearity, DC drift, and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems 2017-02, Vol.11 (1), p.161-176 |
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| creator | Bagheri, Arezu Salam, Muhammad Tariqus Perez Velazquez, Jose Luis Genov, Roman |
| description | We review integrated circuits for low-frequency noise and offset rejection as a motivation for the presented digitally-assisted neural amplifier design methodology. Conventional AC-coupled neural amplifiers inherently reject input DC offset but have key limitations in area, linearity, DC drift, and spectral accuracy. Their chopper stabilization reduces low-frequency intrinsic noise at the cost of degraded area, input impedance and design complexity. DC-coupled implementations with digital high-pass filtering yield improved area, linearity, drift, and spectral accuracy and are inherently suitable for simple chopper stabilization. As a design example, a 56-channel 0.13 μm CMOS intracranial EEG interface is presented. DC offset of up to ±50 mV is rejected by a digital low-pass filter and a 16-bit delta-sigma DAC feeding back into the folding node of a folded-cascode LNA with CMRR of 65 dB. A bank of seven column-parallel fully differential SAR ADCs with ENOB of 6.6 are freely moving ratsshared among 56 channels resulting in 0.018 mm 2 effective channel area. Compensation-free direct input chopping yields integrated input-referred noise of 4.2 μV rms over the bandwidth of 1 Hz to 1 kHz. The 8.7 mm 2 chip dissipating 1.07 mW has been validated in vivo in online intracranial EEG monitoring in freely moving rats. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2539518 |
| format | Article |
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Conventional AC-coupled neural amplifiers inherently reject input DC offset but have key limitations in area, linearity, DC drift, and spectral accuracy. Their chopper stabilization reduces low-frequency intrinsic noise at the cost of degraded area, input impedance and design complexity. DC-coupled implementations with digital high-pass filtering yield improved area, linearity, drift, and spectral accuracy and are inherently suitable for simple chopper stabilization. As a design example, a 56-channel 0.13 μm CMOS intracranial EEG interface is presented. DC offset of up to ±50 mV is rejected by a digital low-pass filter and a 16-bit delta-sigma DAC feeding back into the folding node of a folded-cascode LNA with CMRR of 65 dB. A bank of seven column-parallel fully differential SAR ADCs with ENOB of 6.6 are freely moving ratsshared among 56 channels resulting in 0.018 mm 2 effective channel area. Compensation-free direct input chopping yields integrated input-referred noise of 4.2 μV rms over the bandwidth of 1 Hz to 1 kHz. The 8.7 mm 2 chip dissipating 1.07 mW has been validated in vivo in online intracranial EEG monitoring in freely moving rats.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-4545</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1940-9990</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2539518</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27305685</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITBCCW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: IEEE</publisher><subject>Amplifier design ; Amplifiers ; Amplifiers, Electronic ; Animals ; Bandwidths ; Biomedical electronics ; brain ; Capacitors ; Choppers (circuits) ; Circuit design ; closed-loop DC offset rejection ; CMOS ; Cutting ; dc-coupled neural signal monitoring ; Design ; Digital to analog converters ; Drift ; EEG ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography - instrumentation ; epilepsy ; Equipment Design ; Impedance ; implantable biomedical devices ; in vivo ; Input impedance ; Integrated circuits ; Linearity ; Low pass filters ; Low-frequency noise ; microelectronic implant ; mixed analog digital integrated circuits ; Motivation ; neural recording ; Noise ; Noise reduction ; Rats ; Rejection ; Resistors ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Stabilization ; Transistors</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems, 2017-02, Vol.11 (1), p.161-176</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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Conventional AC-coupled neural amplifiers inherently reject input DC offset but have key limitations in area, linearity, DC drift, and spectral accuracy. Their chopper stabilization reduces low-frequency intrinsic noise at the cost of degraded area, input impedance and design complexity. DC-coupled implementations with digital high-pass filtering yield improved area, linearity, drift, and spectral accuracy and are inherently suitable for simple chopper stabilization. As a design example, a 56-channel 0.13 μm CMOS intracranial EEG interface is presented. DC offset of up to ±50 mV is rejected by a digital low-pass filter and a 16-bit delta-sigma DAC feeding back into the folding node of a folded-cascode LNA with CMRR of 65 dB. A bank of seven column-parallel fully differential SAR ADCs with ENOB of 6.6 are freely moving ratsshared among 56 channels resulting in 0.018 mm 2 effective channel area. Compensation-free direct input chopping yields integrated input-referred noise of 4.2 μV rms over the bandwidth of 1 Hz to 1 kHz. The 8.7 mm 2 chip dissipating 1.07 mW has been validated in vivo in online intracranial EEG monitoring in freely moving rats.</description><subject>Amplifier design</subject><subject>Amplifiers</subject><subject>Amplifiers, Electronic</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bandwidths</subject><subject>Biomedical electronics</subject><subject>brain</subject><subject>Capacitors</subject><subject>Choppers (circuits)</subject><subject>Circuit design</subject><subject>closed-loop DC offset rejection</subject><subject>CMOS</subject><subject>Cutting</subject><subject>dc-coupled neural signal monitoring</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>Digital to analog converters</subject><subject>Drift</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>Electric Impedance</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Electroencephalography - instrumentation</subject><subject>epilepsy</subject><subject>Equipment Design</subject><subject>Impedance</subject><subject>implantable biomedical devices</subject><subject>in vivo</subject><subject>Input impedance</subject><subject>Integrated circuits</subject><subject>Linearity</subject><subject>Low pass filters</subject><subject>Low-frequency noise</subject><subject>microelectronic implant</subject><subject>mixed analog digital integrated circuits</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>neural recording</subject><subject>Noise</subject><subject>Noise reduction</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rejection</subject><subject>Resistors</subject><subject>Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Stabilization</subject><subject>Transistors</subject><issn>1932-4545</issn><issn>1940-9990</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkV1v0zAUhiPExMbgD4CELHHDTYq_Y3OXpYwhVZvEumvLcU4mV25S7ISp_x53Lbvg6rzSed4jW09RfCB4QQjWX9dXTX2_oJjIBRVMC6JeFRdEc1xqrfHrQ2a05IKL8-JtShuMhaSavinOacVyVuKi2K_Gp_I6wu8ZBrdHt6NPgOzQobu-TzChX7ABN_lxQH5Ay6ZsxnkXoEO3MEcbUL3dBd97iOkbqjP8x8PTc33pH_1kQ9iXdUo-TbmyhOQfB7SepzF6G94VZ70NCd6f5mXxcP193dyUq7sfP5t6VTomyFRSzih3mmKgjEitletd5QS3qq0wbYmtHMa4s1Z2tqVK6LblpBU5tyAUA3ZZfDne3cUx_zJNZuuTgxDsAOOcDFFUSl1JyTL6-T90M85xyK8zlFScU62lyhQ9Ui6OKUXozS76rY17Q7A5iDHPYsxBjDmJyaVPp9Nzu4XupfLPRAY-HgEPAC_riiuNqWJ_ARS0kWs</recordid><startdate>20170201</startdate><enddate>20170201</enddate><creator>Bagheri, Arezu</creator><creator>Salam, Muhammad Tariqus</creator><creator>Perez Velazquez, Jose Luis</creator><creator>Genov, Roman</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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Conventional AC-coupled neural amplifiers inherently reject input DC offset but have key limitations in area, linearity, DC drift, and spectral accuracy. Their chopper stabilization reduces low-frequency intrinsic noise at the cost of degraded area, input impedance and design complexity. DC-coupled implementations with digital high-pass filtering yield improved area, linearity, drift, and spectral accuracy and are inherently suitable for simple chopper stabilization. As a design example, a 56-channel 0.13 μm CMOS intracranial EEG interface is presented. DC offset of up to ±50 mV is rejected by a digital low-pass filter and a 16-bit delta-sigma DAC feeding back into the folding node of a folded-cascode LNA with CMRR of 65 dB. A bank of seven column-parallel fully differential SAR ADCs with ENOB of 6.6 are freely moving ratsshared among 56 channels resulting in 0.018 mm 2 effective channel area. Compensation-free direct input chopping yields integrated input-referred noise of 4.2 μV rms over the bandwidth of 1 Hz to 1 kHz. The 8.7 mm 2 chip dissipating 1.07 mW has been validated in vivo in online intracranial EEG monitoring in freely moving rats.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><pmid>27305685</pmid><doi>10.1109/TBCAS.2016.2539518</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amplifier design Amplifiers Amplifiers, Electronic Animals Bandwidths Biomedical electronics brain Capacitors Choppers (circuits) Circuit design closed-loop DC offset rejection CMOS Cutting dc-coupled neural signal monitoring Design Digital to analog converters Drift EEG Electric Impedance Electrodes Electroencephalography - instrumentation epilepsy Equipment Design Impedance implantable biomedical devices in vivo Input impedance Integrated circuits Linearity Low pass filters Low-frequency noise microelectronic implant mixed analog digital integrated circuits Motivation neural recording Noise Noise reduction Rats Rejection Resistors Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Stabilization Transistors |
| title | Low-Frequency Noise and Offset Rejection in DC-Coupled Neural Amplifiers: A Review and Digitally-Assisted Design Tutorial |
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