Tectonic and Anthropogenic Deformation at the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Step-Over Revealed by Sentinel-1A InSAR
The Cerro Prieto geothermal field (CPGF) lies at the step-over between the imperial and the Cerro Prieto faults in northern Baja California, Mexico. While tectonically this is the most active section of the southern San Andreas Fault system, the spatial and temporal deformation in the area is poorly...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 2017-09, Vol.55 (9), p.5284-5292 |
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| creator | Xiaohua Xu Sandwell, David T. Tymofyeyeva, Ekaterina Gonzalez-Ortega, Alejandro Xiaopeng Tong |
| description | The Cerro Prieto geothermal field (CPGF) lies at the step-over between the imperial and the Cerro Prieto faults in northern Baja California, Mexico. While tectonically this is the most active section of the southern San Andreas Fault system, the spatial and temporal deformation in the area is poorly resolved by the sparse global positioning system (GPS) network coverage. Moreover, interferograms from satellite observations spanning more than a few months are decorrelated due to the extensive agricultural activity in this region. Here we investigate the use of frequent, short temporal baseline interferograms offered by the new Sentinel-1A satellite to recover two components of deformation time series across these faults. Following previous studies, we developed a purely geometric approach for image alignment that achieves better than 1/200 pixel alignment needed for accurate phase recovery. We construct interferometric synthetic aperture radar time series using a coherence-based small baseline subset method with atmospheric corrections by means of common-point stacking. We did not apply enhanced spectral diversity because the burst discontinuities are generally small ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TGRS.2017.2704593 |
| format | Article |
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While tectonically this is the most active section of the southern San Andreas Fault system, the spatial and temporal deformation in the area is poorly resolved by the sparse global positioning system (GPS) network coverage. Moreover, interferograms from satellite observations spanning more than a few months are decorrelated due to the extensive agricultural activity in this region. Here we investigate the use of frequent, short temporal baseline interferograms offered by the new Sentinel-1A satellite to recover two components of deformation time series across these faults. Following previous studies, we developed a purely geometric approach for image alignment that achieves better than 1/200 pixel alignment needed for accurate phase recovery. We construct interferometric synthetic aperture radar time series using a coherence-based small baseline subset method with atmospheric corrections by means of common-point stacking. We did not apply enhanced spectral diversity because the burst discontinuities are generally small (<;1.4 mm) and can be effectively captured during the atmospheric corrections. With these algorithms, the subsidence at CPGF is clearly resolved. The maximum subsidence rate of 160 mm/yr, due to extraction of geothermal fluids and heat, dominates the ~40 mm/yr deformation across the proximal ends of the imperial, the Cerro Prieto, and the indiviso faults.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0196-2892</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-0644</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2017.2704593</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IGRSD2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Alignment ; Anthropogenic factors ; Atmospheric correction ; Azimuth ; Corrections ; Deformation ; Electrostatic discharges ; Fault lines ; Faults ; Fluids ; Geological faults ; geometric coregistration ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Hydrothermal solutions ; Interferometric synthetic aperture radar ; land subsidence ; Orbits ; Positioning systems ; SAR (radar) ; Satellite navigation systems ; Satellite observation ; Satellites ; Set theory ; Spacecraft recovery ; Subsidence ; Synthetic aperture radar ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) ; tectonic deformation ; Tectonics ; terrain observation by progressive scan (TOPS) ; Time series ; Time series analysis</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 2017-09, Vol.55 (9), p.5284-5292</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-b364fc324713d16373e2b558fccc2561a9927628cd2909e74d3c0634917eaa333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-b364fc324713d16373e2b558fccc2561a9927628cd2909e74d3c0634917eaa333</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1213-3017</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7938636$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,792,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7938636$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xiaohua Xu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandwell, David T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tymofyeyeva, Ekaterina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzalez-Ortega, Alejandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiaopeng Tong</creatorcontrib><title>Tectonic and Anthropogenic Deformation at the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Step-Over Revealed by Sentinel-1A InSAR</title><title>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing</title><addtitle>TGRS</addtitle><description>The Cerro Prieto geothermal field (CPGF) lies at the step-over between the imperial and the Cerro Prieto faults in northern Baja California, Mexico. While tectonically this is the most active section of the southern San Andreas Fault system, the spatial and temporal deformation in the area is poorly resolved by the sparse global positioning system (GPS) network coverage. Moreover, interferograms from satellite observations spanning more than a few months are decorrelated due to the extensive agricultural activity in this region. Here we investigate the use of frequent, short temporal baseline interferograms offered by the new Sentinel-1A satellite to recover two components of deformation time series across these faults. Following previous studies, we developed a purely geometric approach for image alignment that achieves better than 1/200 pixel alignment needed for accurate phase recovery. We construct interferometric synthetic aperture radar time series using a coherence-based small baseline subset method with atmospheric corrections by means of common-point stacking. We did not apply enhanced spectral diversity because the burst discontinuities are generally small (<;1.4 mm) and can be effectively captured during the atmospheric corrections. With these algorithms, the subsidence at CPGF is clearly resolved. The maximum subsidence rate of 160 mm/yr, due to extraction of geothermal fluids and heat, dominates the ~40 mm/yr deformation across the proximal ends of the imperial, the Cerro Prieto, and the indiviso faults.</description><subject>Alignment</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Atmospheric correction</subject><subject>Azimuth</subject><subject>Corrections</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Electrostatic discharges</subject><subject>Fault lines</subject><subject>Faults</subject><subject>Fluids</subject><subject>Geological faults</subject><subject>geometric coregistration</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Hydrothermal solutions</subject><subject>Interferometric synthetic aperture radar</subject><subject>land subsidence</subject><subject>Orbits</subject><subject>Positioning systems</subject><subject>SAR (radar)</subject><subject>Satellite navigation systems</subject><subject>Satellite observation</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Set theory</subject><subject>Spacecraft recovery</subject><subject>Subsidence</subject><subject>Synthetic aperture radar</subject><subject>synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR)</subject><subject>tectonic deformation</subject><subject>Tectonics</subject><subject>terrain observation by progressive scan (TOPS)</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Time series analysis</subject><issn>0196-2892</issn><issn>1558-0644</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kNFKwzAUhoMoOKcPIN4EvO7MSdKkuRxTpzCYrPO6ZOmp6-iamWaDvb0dG14d-Pn-czgfIY_ARgDMvCyni3zEGegR10ymRlyRAaRpljAl5TUZMDAq4Znht-Su6zaMgUxBD8h2iS76tnbUtiUdt3Ed_M7_4Cl5xcqHrY21b6mNNK6RTjAET79CjdHTKfo-64mG5hF3yfyAgS7wgLbBkq6ONMc21i02CYzpZ5uPF_fkprJNhw-XOSTf72_LyUcym08_J-NZ4kQmY7ISSlZOcKlBlKCEFshX_TOVc46nCqwxXCueuZIbZlDLUjimhDSg0VohxJA8n_fugv_dYxeLjd-Htj9ZcNBSQsql6Sk4Uy74rgtYFbtQb204FsCKk9XiZLU4WS0uVvvO07lTI-I_r43IlFDiD20Jcjc</recordid><startdate>201709</startdate><enddate>201709</enddate><creator>Xiaohua Xu</creator><creator>Sandwell, David T.</creator><creator>Tymofyeyeva, Ekaterina</creator><creator>Gonzalez-Ortega, Alejandro</creator><creator>Xiaopeng Tong</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1213-3017</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201709</creationdate><title>Tectonic and Anthropogenic Deformation at the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Step-Over Revealed by Sentinel-1A InSAR</title><author>Xiaohua Xu ; Sandwell, David T. ; Tymofyeyeva, Ekaterina ; Gonzalez-Ortega, Alejandro ; Xiaopeng Tong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-b364fc324713d16373e2b558fccc2561a9927628cd2909e74d3c0634917eaa333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Alignment</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Atmospheric correction</topic><topic>Azimuth</topic><topic>Corrections</topic><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Electrostatic discharges</topic><topic>Fault lines</topic><topic>Faults</topic><topic>Fluids</topic><topic>Geological faults</topic><topic>geometric coregistration</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Hydrothermal solutions</topic><topic>Interferometric synthetic aperture radar</topic><topic>land subsidence</topic><topic>Orbits</topic><topic>Positioning systems</topic><topic>SAR (radar)</topic><topic>Satellite navigation systems</topic><topic>Satellite observation</topic><topic>Satellites</topic><topic>Set theory</topic><topic>Spacecraft recovery</topic><topic>Subsidence</topic><topic>Synthetic aperture radar</topic><topic>synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR)</topic><topic>tectonic deformation</topic><topic>Tectonics</topic><topic>terrain observation by progressive scan (TOPS)</topic><topic>Time series</topic><topic>Time series analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xiaohua Xu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandwell, David T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tymofyeyeva, Ekaterina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzalez-Ortega, Alejandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiaopeng Tong</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xiaohua Xu</au><au>Sandwell, David T.</au><au>Tymofyeyeva, Ekaterina</au><au>Gonzalez-Ortega, Alejandro</au><au>Xiaopeng Tong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tectonic and Anthropogenic Deformation at the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Step-Over Revealed by Sentinel-1A InSAR</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing</jtitle><stitle>TGRS</stitle><date>2017-09</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>5284</spage><epage>5292</epage><pages>5284-5292</pages><issn>0196-2892</issn><eissn>1558-0644</eissn><coden>IGRSD2</coden><abstract>The Cerro Prieto geothermal field (CPGF) lies at the step-over between the imperial and the Cerro Prieto faults in northern Baja California, Mexico. While tectonically this is the most active section of the southern San Andreas Fault system, the spatial and temporal deformation in the area is poorly resolved by the sparse global positioning system (GPS) network coverage. Moreover, interferograms from satellite observations spanning more than a few months are decorrelated due to the extensive agricultural activity in this region. Here we investigate the use of frequent, short temporal baseline interferograms offered by the new Sentinel-1A satellite to recover two components of deformation time series across these faults. Following previous studies, we developed a purely geometric approach for image alignment that achieves better than 1/200 pixel alignment needed for accurate phase recovery. We construct interferometric synthetic aperture radar time series using a coherence-based small baseline subset method with atmospheric corrections by means of common-point stacking. We did not apply enhanced spectral diversity because the burst discontinuities are generally small (<;1.4 mm) and can be effectively captured during the atmospheric corrections. With these algorithms, the subsidence at CPGF is clearly resolved. The maximum subsidence rate of 160 mm/yr, due to extraction of geothermal fluids and heat, dominates the ~40 mm/yr deformation across the proximal ends of the imperial, the Cerro Prieto, and the indiviso faults.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TGRS.2017.2704593</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1213-3017</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 2017-09, Vol.55 (9), p.5284-5292 |
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| subjects | Alignment Anthropogenic factors Atmospheric correction Azimuth Corrections Deformation Electrostatic discharges Fault lines Faults Fluids Geological faults geometric coregistration Global positioning systems GPS Hydrothermal solutions Interferometric synthetic aperture radar land subsidence Orbits Positioning systems SAR (radar) Satellite navigation systems Satellite observation Satellites Set theory Spacecraft recovery Subsidence Synthetic aperture radar synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) tectonic deformation Tectonics terrain observation by progressive scan (TOPS) Time series Time series analysis |
| title | Tectonic and Anthropogenic Deformation at the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Step-Over Revealed by Sentinel-1A InSAR |
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