Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways

Ultraviolet (UV)‐induced pigmentation is very common in clinical practice, but the current treatments are rarely effective, accompanied by some side effects. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a natural antioxidant with no toxic side effects, which can antagonize UVB‐induced fibroblast photo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of cellular physiology 2019-05, Vol.234 (5), p.7330-7340
Hauptverfasser: Hu, Shuanghai, Huang, Jinhua, Pei, Shiyao, Ouyang, Yujie, Ding, Yufang, Jiang, Ling, Lu, Jianyun, Kang, Liyang, Huang, Lihua, Xiang, Hong, Xiao, Rong, Zeng, Qinghai, Chen, Jing
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container_issue 5
container_start_page 7330
container_title Journal of cellular physiology
container_volume 234
creator Hu, Shuanghai
Huang, Jinhua
Pei, Shiyao
Ouyang, Yujie
Ding, Yufang
Jiang, Ling
Lu, Jianyun
Kang, Liyang
Huang, Lihua
Xiang, Hong
Xiao, Rong
Zeng, Qinghai
Chen, Jing
description Ultraviolet (UV)‐induced pigmentation is very common in clinical practice, but the current treatments are rarely effective, accompanied by some side effects. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a natural antioxidant with no toxic side effects, which can antagonize UVB‐induced fibroblast photo aging. The study aims to explore the role of GLP in inhibiting UVB‐induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. The expression of melanogenesis genes such as microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosine (TYR), tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TYRP2), ras‐related protein Rab‐27A (Rab27A), and Myosin shows an upward trend after exposure of B16F10 and PIG1 cells to UVB irradiation, but GLP can downregulate the expression of genes related to UVB‐induced melanogenesis. GLP can inhibit UVB‐activated protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Besides, GLP protects mitochondria from UVB damage and inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Also, UVB‐induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be inhibited. It has been found in the experiments of UVB‐induced skin pigmentation in zebrafish that GLP is capable of inhibiting UVB‐induced skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, it can greatly relieve erythema reaction in guinea pig skin caused by high‐dosage UVB irradiation. In conclusion, this study shows that GLP can inhibit UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive. This study is the first to explore the role of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) in inhibiting Ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. we found that GLP could inhibit UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and reactive oxygen species/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ROS/MAPK) signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jcp.27492
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Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a natural antioxidant with no toxic side effects, which can antagonize UVB‐induced fibroblast photo aging. The study aims to explore the role of GLP in inhibiting UVB‐induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. The expression of melanogenesis genes such as microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosine (TYR), tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TYRP2), ras‐related protein Rab‐27A (Rab27A), and Myosin shows an upward trend after exposure of B16F10 and PIG1 cells to UVB irradiation, but GLP can downregulate the expression of genes related to UVB‐induced melanogenesis. GLP can inhibit UVB‐activated protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Besides, GLP protects mitochondria from UVB damage and inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Also, UVB‐induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be inhibited. It has been found in the experiments of UVB‐induced skin pigmentation in zebrafish that GLP is capable of inhibiting UVB‐induced skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, it can greatly relieve erythema reaction in guinea pig skin caused by high‐dosage UVB irradiation. In conclusion, this study shows that GLP can inhibit UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive. This study is the first to explore the role of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) in inhibiting Ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. we found that GLP could inhibit UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and reactive oxygen species/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ROS/MAPK) signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9541</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4652</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27492</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30362532</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adenosine monophosphate ; Aging ; Aging (natural) ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclic AMP ; Cyclic AMP - metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism ; Erythema ; Ganoderma lucidum ; Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Guinea pigs ; Humans ; Irradiation ; Kinases ; MAP kinase ; Melanins - biosynthesis ; Melanocytes - drug effects ; Melanocytes - enzymology ; Melanocytes - radiation effects ; melanogenesis ; Melanoma, Experimental ; Mice ; Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ; Mitochondria ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism ; mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway (MAPK) ; Mushrooms ; Myosin ; Pigmentation ; Pigskins ; Polysaccharides ; Polysaccharides - isolation &amp; purification ; Polysaccharides - pharmacology ; Protein kinase A ; protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway ; Proteins ; Radiation dosage ; Reactive oxygen species ; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism ; Reishi - chemistry ; Side effects ; Signal Transduction ; Signaling ; Skin ; Skin Lightening Preparations - isolation &amp; purification ; Skin Lightening Preparations - pharmacology ; Skin pigmentation ; Skin Pigmentation - drug effects ; Skin Pigmentation - radiation effects ; Sun screens ; Sunscreening Agents - isolation &amp; purification ; Sunscreening Agents - pharmacology ; Tyrosinase ; Tyrosine ; ultraviolet B (UVB) ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Zebrafish</subject><ispartof>Journal of cellular physiology, 2019-05, Vol.234 (5), p.7330-7340</ispartof><rights>2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3532-6ac733ff2dc1650ca568b30730db4689a248affd22ca1f01a2cd4e8a78c7fc713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3532-6ac733ff2dc1650ca568b30730db4689a248affd22ca1f01a2cd4e8a78c7fc713</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6747-1486</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjcp.27492$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjcp.27492$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,27922,27923,45572,45573</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30362532$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Shuanghai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jinhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pei, Shiyao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ouyang, Yujie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Yufang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Jianyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Liyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Lihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiang, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Rong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Qinghai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jing</creatorcontrib><title>Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways</title><title>Journal of cellular physiology</title><addtitle>J Cell Physiol</addtitle><description>Ultraviolet (UV)‐induced pigmentation is very common in clinical practice, but the current treatments are rarely effective, accompanied by some side effects. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a natural antioxidant with no toxic side effects, which can antagonize UVB‐induced fibroblast photo aging. The study aims to explore the role of GLP in inhibiting UVB‐induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. The expression of melanogenesis genes such as microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosine (TYR), tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TYRP2), ras‐related protein Rab‐27A (Rab27A), and Myosin shows an upward trend after exposure of B16F10 and PIG1 cells to UVB irradiation, but GLP can downregulate the expression of genes related to UVB‐induced melanogenesis. GLP can inhibit UVB‐activated protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Besides, GLP protects mitochondria from UVB damage and inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Also, UVB‐induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be inhibited. It has been found in the experiments of UVB‐induced skin pigmentation in zebrafish that GLP is capable of inhibiting UVB‐induced skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, it can greatly relieve erythema reaction in guinea pig skin caused by high‐dosage UVB irradiation. In conclusion, this study shows that GLP can inhibit UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive. This study is the first to explore the role of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) in inhibiting Ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. we found that GLP could inhibit UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and reactive oxygen species/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ROS/MAPK) signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive</description><subject>Adenosine monophosphate</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Aging (natural)</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Cell Line, Tumor</subject><subject>Cyclic AMP</subject><subject>Cyclic AMP - metabolism</subject><subject>Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>Erythema</subject><subject>Ganoderma lucidum</subject><subject>Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP)</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Guinea pigs</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>MAP kinase</subject><subject>Melanins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Melanocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Melanocytes - enzymology</subject><subject>Melanocytes - radiation effects</subject><subject>melanogenesis</subject><subject>Melanoma, Experimental</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway (MAPK)</subject><subject>Mushrooms</subject><subject>Myosin</subject><subject>Pigmentation</subject><subject>Pigskins</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><subject>Polysaccharides - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Polysaccharides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Protein kinase A</subject><subject>protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Radiation dosage</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</subject><subject>Reishi - chemistry</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Signaling</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin Lightening Preparations - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Skin Lightening Preparations - pharmacology</subject><subject>Skin pigmentation</subject><subject>Skin Pigmentation - drug effects</subject><subject>Skin Pigmentation - radiation effects</subject><subject>Sun screens</subject><subject>Sunscreening Agents - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Sunscreening Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Tyrosinase</subject><subject>Tyrosine</subject><subject>ultraviolet B (UVB)</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays</subject><subject>Zebrafish</subject><issn>0021-9541</issn><issn>1097-4652</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMlOwzAQhi0EgrIceAFkiROHUC9Zj6VibSsitms0sZ3WVTbiRigcEI_AM_IkuAS4cRpp_m9-jT6EDik5pYSw4VLUpyxwI7aBBpREgeP6HttEA5tRJ_JcuoN2jVkSQqKI8220wwn3mcfZAL1dQllJ1RSA81Zo2Ra4rvLOgBALaLRUWJcLneqVwY9PZ5_vH7qUrVASFyq3l3NVKqMNTjsM5QrmValfdTnHYjSLh_FkZLcS393eD2ejeIKNnpeQr_MaVosX6Mw-2sogN-rgZ-6hx4vzh_GVM729vB6Ppo7g9k3HBxFwnmVMCup7RIDnhyknAScydf0wAuaGkGWSMQE0IxSYkK4KIQhFkImA8j103PfWTfXcKrNKllXb2GdMwqgfMT8kXmSpk54STWVMo7KkbnQBTZdQkqxNJ9Z08m3askc_jW1aKPlH_qq1wLAHXnSuuv-bkptx3Fd-Ac1MiaQ</recordid><startdate>201905</startdate><enddate>201905</enddate><creator>Hu, Shuanghai</creator><creator>Huang, Jinhua</creator><creator>Pei, Shiyao</creator><creator>Ouyang, Yujie</creator><creator>Ding, Yufang</creator><creator>Jiang, Ling</creator><creator>Lu, Jianyun</creator><creator>Kang, Liyang</creator><creator>Huang, Lihua</creator><creator>Xiang, Hong</creator><creator>Xiao, Rong</creator><creator>Zeng, Qinghai</creator><creator>Chen, Jing</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-1486</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201905</creationdate><title>Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways</title><author>Hu, Shuanghai ; Huang, Jinhua ; Pei, Shiyao ; Ouyang, Yujie ; Ding, Yufang ; Jiang, Ling ; Lu, Jianyun ; Kang, Liyang ; Huang, Lihua ; Xiang, Hong ; Xiao, Rong ; Zeng, Qinghai ; Chen, Jing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3532-6ac733ff2dc1650ca568b30730db4689a248affd22ca1f01a2cd4e8a78c7fc713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adenosine monophosphate</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Aging (natural)</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Cell Line, Tumor</topic><topic>Cyclic AMP</topic><topic>Cyclic AMP - metabolism</topic><topic>Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>Erythema</topic><topic>Ganoderma lucidum</topic><topic>Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP)</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Guinea pigs</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>MAP kinase</topic><topic>Melanins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Melanocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Melanocytes - enzymology</topic><topic>Melanocytes - radiation effects</topic><topic>melanogenesis</topic><topic>Melanoma, Experimental</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor</topic><topic>Mitochondria</topic><topic>Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway (MAPK)</topic><topic>Mushrooms</topic><topic>Myosin</topic><topic>Pigmentation</topic><topic>Pigskins</topic><topic>Polysaccharides</topic><topic>Polysaccharides - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Polysaccharides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Protein kinase A</topic><topic>protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Radiation dosage</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</topic><topic>Reishi - chemistry</topic><topic>Side effects</topic><topic>Signal Transduction</topic><topic>Signaling</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin Lightening Preparations - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Skin Lightening Preparations - pharmacology</topic><topic>Skin pigmentation</topic><topic>Skin Pigmentation - drug effects</topic><topic>Skin Pigmentation - radiation effects</topic><topic>Sun screens</topic><topic>Sunscreening Agents - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Sunscreening Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Tyrosinase</topic><topic>Tyrosine</topic><topic>ultraviolet B (UVB)</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>Ultraviolet Rays</topic><topic>Zebrafish</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Shuanghai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jinhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pei, Shiyao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ouyang, Yujie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Yufang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Jianyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Liyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Lihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiang, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Rong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeng, Qinghai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Jing</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of cellular physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Shuanghai</au><au>Huang, Jinhua</au><au>Pei, Shiyao</au><au>Ouyang, Yujie</au><au>Ding, Yufang</au><au>Jiang, Ling</au><au>Lu, Jianyun</au><au>Kang, Liyang</au><au>Huang, Lihua</au><au>Xiang, Hong</au><au>Xiao, Rong</au><au>Zeng, Qinghai</au><au>Chen, Jing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways</atitle><jtitle>Journal of cellular physiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Cell Physiol</addtitle><date>2019-05</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>234</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>7330</spage><epage>7340</epage><pages>7330-7340</pages><issn>0021-9541</issn><eissn>1097-4652</eissn><abstract>Ultraviolet (UV)‐induced pigmentation is very common in clinical practice, but the current treatments are rarely effective, accompanied by some side effects. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a natural antioxidant with no toxic side effects, which can antagonize UVB‐induced fibroblast photo aging. The study aims to explore the role of GLP in inhibiting UVB‐induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. The expression of melanogenesis genes such as microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosine (TYR), tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TYRP2), ras‐related protein Rab‐27A (Rab27A), and Myosin shows an upward trend after exposure of B16F10 and PIG1 cells to UVB irradiation, but GLP can downregulate the expression of genes related to UVB‐induced melanogenesis. GLP can inhibit UVB‐activated protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Besides, GLP protects mitochondria from UVB damage and inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Also, UVB‐induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be inhibited. It has been found in the experiments of UVB‐induced skin pigmentation in zebrafish that GLP is capable of inhibiting UVB‐induced skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, it can greatly relieve erythema reaction in guinea pig skin caused by high‐dosage UVB irradiation. In conclusion, this study shows that GLP can inhibit UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive. This study is the first to explore the role of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) in inhibiting Ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced melanogenesis and its possible mechanism. we found that GLP could inhibit UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and reactive oxygen species/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ROS/MAPK) signaling pathways and is a potential natural safe whitening sunscreen additive</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>30362532</pmid><doi>10.1002/jcp.27492</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-1486</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Adenosine monophosphate
Aging
Aging (natural)
Animals
Antioxidants
Cell Line, Tumor
Cyclic AMP
Cyclic AMP - metabolism
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism
Erythema
Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP)
Gene expression
Genes
Guinea pigs
Humans
Irradiation
Kinases
MAP kinase
Melanins - biosynthesis
Melanocytes - drug effects
Melanocytes - enzymology
Melanocytes - radiation effects
melanogenesis
Melanoma, Experimental
Mice
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
Mitochondria
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway (MAPK)
Mushrooms
Myosin
Pigmentation
Pigskins
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides - isolation & purification
Polysaccharides - pharmacology
Protein kinase A
protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway
Proteins
Radiation dosage
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Reishi - chemistry
Side effects
Signal Transduction
Signaling
Skin
Skin Lightening Preparations - isolation & purification
Skin Lightening Preparations - pharmacology
Skin pigmentation
Skin Pigmentation - drug effects
Skin Pigmentation - radiation effects
Sun screens
Sunscreening Agents - isolation & purification
Sunscreening Agents - pharmacology
Tyrosinase
Tyrosine
ultraviolet B (UVB)
Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet Rays
Zebrafish
title Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits UVB‐induced melanogenesis by antagonizing cAMP/PKA and ROS/MAPK signaling pathways
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