Maternal Age at Birth and Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of 30 Observational Studies

Maternal Age at Birth and Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of 30 Observational Studies Chris R. Cardwell 1 , Lars C. Stene 2 , 3 , Geir Joner 4 , Max K. Bulsara 5 , Ondrej Cinek 6 , Joachim Rosenbauer 7 , Johnny Ludvigsson 8 , Mireia Jané 9 , Jannet Svensson 10 , Michael J. Goldacre 11 , Thomas Waldhoer 12 , Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot 13 , Suely G.A. Gimeno 14 , Lee-Ming Chuang 15 , Roger C. Parslow 16 , Emma J.K. Wadsworth 17 , Amanda Chetwynd 18 , Paolo Pozzilli 19 , Girts Brigis 20 , Brone Urbonaitė 21 , Sandra Šipetić 22 , Edith Schober 23 , Gabriele Devoti 24 , Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste 25 , Carine E. de Beaufort 26 , Denka Stoyanov 27 , Karsten Buschard 28 and Chris C. Patterson 1 1 Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, U.K.; 2 Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; 3 Oslo Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; 4 Institute of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 5 Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Research, University of Notre Dame, Freemantle, Australia; 6 The 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; 7 Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Institute at Dusseldorf University, Dusseldorf, Germany; 8 Department of Paediatrics and Diabetes Research Centre, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; 9 Public Health Division, Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain; 10 Pediatric Department, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark; 11 Department of Public Health, Oxford University, Oxford, U.K.; 12 Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 13 Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 14 Preventive Medicine Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 15 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 16 Paediatric Epidemiology Group, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K.; 17 Centre for Occupational and Health Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; 18 Mathematics & Statistics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K.; 19 University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; 20 Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; 21 Institute of Endocrinology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania; 22 Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Belgrade University, B