Pollen viability, vigor, and competitive ability in Erythronium grandiflorum (Liliaceae)

To determine how the capability of pollen is affected by lengthy exposure to field conditions, we obtained pollen samples (from Erythronium grandiflorum) that were fresh (from newly dehisced anthers) or aged, from 6 to 24 hr. Without pretreating the collected grains, we compared their abilities 1) t...

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